Nyengo yatha, takumana ndi chatsopano!
Kuwunikanso kwachikhalidwe pazomwe zachitika mu malonda a mbatata zikuyamba mwachidule mwachidule nyengoyi. Mwambiri, zinali zovuta kwambiri, makamaka kwa opanga ang'onoang'ono: mitengo ya mbatata zamtundu sizinakwere mpaka chiyambi cha Meyi.
Alexey Krasilnikov, Executive Director wa Potato Union ya Russia
PRICES
Mitengo yogulitsa mbatata ya patebulo yakhalabe yotsika kwanthawi yayitali kuyambira kumapeto kwa dzinja. Chifukwa chake, koyambirira kwa Epulo mtengo wa kilogalamu ya mbatata pafupifupi ku Russia sunadutse 9,1 rubles / kg (kupatula VAT). M'madera ena omwe adakolola zochuluka kugwa (ku Bryansk, zigawo za Voronezh, Tatarstan), alimi a mbatata adakakamizidwa kugulitsa mbewu zawo pa 7-8 rubles / kg, komanso zotsika kwambiri ndi 5 rubles / kg. Mitengo yapakatikati pa masika 2019 inali yotsika poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha pafupifupi 40%.
Koma kuyambira masiku oyamba a Meyi, m'malo ambiri, tidalemba zakuchulukirachulukira: m'chigawo cha Moscow (komanso ku Belgorod, Penza, Vladimir, Volgograd, etc.) milandu - 13 rubles / kg. M'malo mwake, bizinesiyo yafika pofika chaka chatha.
Pakadali pano, momwe zinthu ziliri ku Urals ndi Siberia, ku Novosibirsk ndi ku Tyumen Regions zikadali zoyipa pang'ono, pafupifupi 12 ma ruble / kg amagulitsidwa, koma m'maderali mizere yayikulu ya mbatata zakale imasungidwa, zomwe zimayika mavuto pamsika.
DIPONANI KUSONYEZA
Kutalika kwa "kusowa mtengo" kwa mbatata mwachilengedwe kunayambitsa kuchepetsedwa kwa malonda. Malinga ndi Federal State Statistics Service, kuyambira pa Epulo 1, 2019, matani masauzande 757 a zinthu adatsalira m'mapulogalamu akuluakulu (mwachitsanzo, matani mazana asanu ndi atatu mphambu mazana asanu ndi atatu adatsalira m'nyumba zosungidwa tsiku lomwelo chaka chatha).
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti chaka chimodzi m'mbuyomu, mbatata zambiri zazikuluzosungiramo zinthu zosungidwa za opanga aku Russia zidalumikizana ndi kugula kwamatumbo mbatata zochokera kumayiko akunja zomwe zidapangidwa ndi magulu akulu akulu azamalonda. Kumbukirani, ndiye, theka la matani miliyoni miliyoni adalowetsedwa ku Russia, pomwe matani oposa 360 adagwa pa Aigupto. Kuyambira pakati pa dzinja mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo, ogulitsa malonda adakana kugula mbatata kuchokera kwa opanga aku Russia, zomwe zidagunda minda yambiri. Chaka chino, monga kale ankayembekezera, izi zidapeweka. Gawo lamkango la mbatata za ku Egypt zidapita kumayiko aku Europe, zomwe zidataya gawo lalikulu la zokolola zawo chifukwa cha chilala. Kuyambira pa February mpaka Epulo, matani 59 azinthu okhaokha adatumizidwa ku Russia, zomwe ndizochepa kangapo chaka chisanachitike! Kukula kwa zinthu masiku ano nkosayenera kuopa: mtengo wolowera mbatata zaku Egypt pakadali pano umaposa ma ruble / makilogalamu 40, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malonda asamayende bwino pa alumali.
Tiperekenso chidwi kuti chaka chino kudza kwa mbatata zoyambirira kuchokera ku masitolo aku Russia kupita ku Azerbaijan kwachedwa kwambiri: ntchito zazikulu zogulitsa kunja zidayamba kugwira ntchito mdziko muno mpaka pa Epulo 30, chifukwa chake olamulira adayesetsa kukhazikitsa mitengo pamsika wapakhomo.
Posachedwa, opanga zakudya zapakhomo ayenera kukhala kale ndi niche ya mbatata zoyambirira: mwamwambo, mbatata za Astrakhan zakhala zikugulitsidwa kuyambira m'ma Juni, koma malinga ndi nyengo, ndizotheka kuti zobereka zimayamba ngakhale kale kuposa masiku onse.
Mwa njira, malinga ndi malipoti a atolankhani, chaka chino mbatata zambiri zakhala zikugulitsidwa kale ndi omwe amapanga ulimi kumadera akumwera kwa Poland. Poganizira kasupe wotentha kwambiri, kukolola mbatata pakati pa Meyi ndichotsatira chapadera kumadera omwe ali ndi nyengo yofanana ndi dera lathu la Bryansk. Koma mitengo yazogulitsidwayi ndiyodabwitsa - pafupifupi 2,3 euros / kg.
CHITSANZO
Pogwiritsa ntchito nyengoyi, sindingalephere kuzindikira mfundo yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa mafakitale: malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi wa Russia, mu 2018, matani 1,5 miliyoni amatanki atsopano osungidwa adatumizidwa. Uwu ndiye mbiri, poyerekeza, tiyeni tikumbukire kuti mu 2016, malo osungira atsopano a 23 okhala ndi mphamvu zokwana matani zikwi 258,3 adayambitsidwa, mu 2017 - panthawi yoimitsa pulogalamu yaboma pakubweza kwa CAPEX - ngakhale kangapo.
Mwambiri, kwenikweni, tiyenera kuvomereza kuti ndondomeko ya Unduna yomwe ikufuna kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwazosungidwa mdziko muno idapereka zotsatira zabwino.
Koma bwerelani ku mutu waukulu wanyengo watsopano.
KUKHALA
Malinga ndi zonena za Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russia Federation chaka chino, mahekitala 303 adzagawidwa mbatata m'gawo la mafakitale mdziko muno. Chifukwa chake, molingana ndi ziwonetsero zoyambirira, malo omwe adzabzala adzachuluka (poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha) ndi mahekitala 15. Chiwerengerochi chikutsutsa kukayikira, ngakhale madera ena aku Russia adalengeza za malo ena owonjezera pachikhalidwe ichi.
Choyamba, tikulankhula za Republic of Crimea (mu kugwa Achuma adakolola mahekitala 900, chaka chino adabzala pa mahekitala 2500). Popeza kufunika kwakukulu ndi mitengo yabwino yazogulitsa ku peninsula, iyi ndi njira yabwino yolingaliridwa.
Malinga ndi kuneneratu, dera lolima mbatata ku North Ossetia liziwonjezeka ndi mahekitala 1900; minda ya mbatata mdera la Tula idzakulitsidwa ndi mahekitala 1000, dera la Astrakhan liziwonjezera zomwezo. Minda ya mbatata ku Stavropol Territory ifika pamahekitala 800, ndi ku Krasnodar Territory mahekitala 700.
Koma pali madera omwe malo omwe ali pansi pa mbatata adzachepetsedwa, kuphatikiza: Perm Territory (-1300 ha), Ryazan Region (-1000 ha), Lipetsk Region (-380 ha), Dera la Tambov (-290 ha).
Komabe, kuwerengetsa komaliza kuyenera kuchedwetsedwa mpaka kumaliza ntchito yodzala. Tsopano akuyenda motakasuka, nyengo mu zigawo zofunikira zimadziwika kuti ndizabwino kwambiri: pamakhala kutentha ndi chinyezi chokwanira. M'madera ambiri (mwachitsanzo, ku Middle Volga dera), kutentha kwakukulu kumadziwika, koma izi siziyenera kukhudza kukula kwa mbewu.
Kuyambira pa Meyi 16, malinga ndi Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, mbatata m'mabizinesi azolimo ndi minda ya anthu wamba (minda) idabzalidwa kudera la mahekitala 154, kapena 47,9% ya dera lomwe likunenedweratu (mu 2018 - 134,6 mahekitala).
Timabzala chiyani?
Titha kudziwa kuti minda ya ku Russia ikadakonda kugwirabe ntchito ndi zomwe kubereka kwakunja. Malinga ndi Russian Agricultural Center, mitundu makumi awiri apamwamba nyengoyi ndi mitundu iwiri yokha (Nevsky ndi Udacha), chifukwa cha 11% ya zinthu zovomerezeka zobzala. Wina 3-4% ya chiwerengerochi amawonjezeredwa ndi mitundu ya ku Russia, yogwiritsidwanso ntchito pantchitoyo, koma osaphatikizidwa pamndandanda waukulu. Ndiko kuti, kwakukulu, gawo la mitundu yaku Russia mu kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa mbewu sikupitirira 15%.
Komanso, gawo lalikulu la mbeu zosankhidwa zakunja ndi zaku Russia. Kuitanitsa mbewu kuchokera kunja kukuchepa. Makamaka, chaka chino dziko lathu linagula zosaposa matani 10 a mbatata zambewu, mwina mutangolankhula mwachidule chiwerengerochi chidzakhala chotsika, chifukwa ntchito zambiri zaku Russia sizingaperekedwe ndi opanga aku Europe chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zinthu zomwe zidachitika chifukwa cha chilala chaka chatha.
Zovuta Za SEASON
Nyengo yatsopano yaulimi yokhazikika idayamba ndi kukwera kwa mitengo ya "zothetsera". Makamaka, kukwera kwamitengo yomwe ikuyembekezeka (mwa 15-25%) ya mbatata za mbewu kuchokera kwa opanga ena akunja (tidalemba za zifukwa zomwe m'magazini ambuyomu magazini yoposa kamodzi). Makampani ena obzala mbewu adakweza mitengo yazogulitsa zawo, adatsimikizira kuwonjezeka ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kukwera mtengo kwa mafuta ndi mafuta.
Kutengera izi, gawo limodzi la mabizinesi azilimo (makamaka omwe sanathe kukolola zochuluka za chaka chatha) amagwiritsa ntchito mbatata zobisalamo.
Ponena za mbewu, munthu sangathe kulephera kufotokoza zovuta zomwe opanga madera ena anakumana nazo munyengo yatsopano poyesa kupeza ndalama zothandizira ndalama zosagwirizana. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chaka chino mabizinesi okha omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mbewu zaulimi pobzala, mitundu kapena ma hybrids omwe akuphatikizidwa ndi State Record of Selection Achievement kudera linalake, akhoza kudalira thandizo kuchokera ku boma.
Ndidzasungitsa nthawi yomweyo, pali lingaliro lina ku izi: kuchokera pakuwoneka kwa aboma, sikuli koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za olipa kuti mulime mitundu yomwe sinadziwonetse m'dera linalake. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti pakuyesa kwa boma, matekinoloje apamwamba nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito (feteleza wa mineral sagwiritsidwa ntchito, zinthu zoteteza chomera sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zida zothirira siziperekedwa). Ngakhale mitundu ina yamakono imawonetsa zotsatira zabwino pokhapokha ndikuwonetsetsa kwenikweni kwaukadaulo wina.
Akatswiri a Potato Union akambirana zambiri zavutoli ndi nthumwi za Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russia. Pakadali pano, mgwirizano wafika kuti alimi omwe akuwona kuthekera kwakukulu kwa mitundu ingapo, ngati angafune, apanga zokonzekera mobwerezabwereza. Kuti izi zitheke, mpofunika kuti nthambi ya zaulimi izitumiza fomu yoyenera (yothandizidwa ndi malingaliro a omwe akupanga zaulimi) ku State Commission. Koma kasitomala amayenera kulipira ndalama zonse zoyesa pogwiritsa ntchito matekinolo amakono.
Posachedwa, chisankhochi chidzayambitsidwa pagawo loyang'anira.