Tsopano, m'minda ya anthu a ku Amur, m'minda ya mbatata, ndizotheka ndi maso amaliseche kuti muzindikire tizilombo ta polyphagous - 28-point ladybug kapena epilyakhna. Mbatata ladybugs makamaka kudya mbatata nsonga, koma mosangalala phwando masamba a tsabola, phwetekere, biringanya, nkhaka, dzungu, mavwende ena, chimanga, soya.
Epilyakhna si imodzi mwa tizilombo tomwe timachokera kunja kupita ku Chigawo cha Amur. “Iye ndi mbadwa ya Kum’mawa kwa Kummaŵa, ndipo anakhala kuno kalekale munthu asanakhaleko. Kungokulirakulira kwa minda ya mbatata, makamaka m'mabanja, komwe kulibe nkhondo yolimbana nayo, mwachilengedwe kudachititsa kuchuluka kwa anthu, "atero a Pavel Zhirnov, wamkulu wa dipatimenti ya Blagoveshchensk ya nthambi ya Federal State Budgetary Institution. Rosselkhoztsentr m'chigawo cha Amur.
Mbatata ladybird m'chigawo cha Amur amapereka m'badwo umodzi pachilimwe. Atatha kuzizira pansi pa nkhalango m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, pansi pa milu ya zotsalira za zomera m'minda komanso pamwamba pa nthaka, ma ladybugs amapita kukadyetsa pakati pa May - kumayambiriro kwa June. Kuuma kwa dzinja kwa epilyakhna ndikwambiri, kafadala zake sizimafa kutentha mpaka -45C °, kufa kwakukulu kwa ladybird kumawonedwa kokha m'nyengo yozizira ndi matalala ochepa komanso chisanu kwambiri. M'dera la Amur, zimapweteka ngakhale m'dera la Tyndinsky, lomwe limadziwika ndi nyengo yoipa.
Poganiza kuti imagona pansi makamaka pansi pa zinyalala za nkhalango, ng'ombe imawononga kwambiri mbatata m'nkhalango. M'madera a steppe a derali, ndi ochepa, ngakhale kuti m'zaka zaposachedwa pakhala chizolowezi chowonjezera chiwerengero chake. Zikumbu za 28-point ladybird, podyetsa, zimadya mbale ya masamba osakhudza mitsempha, mwa kuyankhula kwina, zimagwedeza masamba. Chotero kuonongeka masamba mwamsanga kutembenukira chikasu ndi kugwa. Kuphatikiza pakuwononga masamba, epilahnas amafalitsa matenda owopsa a virus, ndipo chifukwa chake, zokolola za mbatata zimatsika ndi 10-100%, wowuma mu tubers amachepetsa.
Pavel Zhirnov anati: "Pambuyo pa chakudya chabwino cha masamba a mbatata, ma ladybugs aakazi, kuyambira Juni mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti, amayamba kuikira mazira. - Kubereka kwa ladybird ndikokwera kwambiri - ngwazi zina zazikazi zimabweretsa mazira 2 zikwi. Mazirawa amaswa mphutsi zachikasu zowala, zozungulira, mpaka 6 mm kutalika, ndi mizere yakuda - singano, zomwe, komabe, sizikhoza kubala aliyense, chifukwa zimakhala zofewa kwambiri. Moyo wawo wonse ndi pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, mphutsi, kutsanzira makolo awo, zimadya kwambiri masamba, komanso zimawapanga mafupa. Chifukwa chake, mu ladybird ya 28-point, kafadala ndi mphutsi ndizovulaza. Ndiye mphutsi pupate ndi kusandulika achinyamata kafadala. Tizilombo tating'ono, tisanapite kumalo ozizira, timadya kwambiri, ndipo kunenepa kwamafuta m'nyengo yozizira kumachitika kuyambira pakati pa Ogasiti mpaka kuzizira koyamba - pakati pa Seputembala. " Akatswiri a dipatimenti yoteteza mbewu kunthambi ya Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" akuchenjeza kuti njira yayikulu yolimbana ndi 28-point ladybird ndi mankhwala, omwe amalola kubzala mbatata kuti achotse tizirombo kwa milungu iwiri. pambuyo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Kuti mbatata yokulirapo ikhale yotetezeka ku thanzi, chithandizo chamankhwala chimachitika masiku osachepera 2 asanakolole. Iyi ndi nthawi yomwe imatchedwa kudikira.
M'malangizo ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa, nthawiyi imayikidwa pamasiku 10-25. M'chigawo cha Amur, chilimwe chimakhala chozizira kwambiri kuposa ku Ulaya ku Russia, kumene mankhwala ogulitsidwa anayesedwa, kotero kuti mankhwalawa amawola pang'onopang'ono ndipo nthawi yawo yowonongeka muzomera ikuwonjezeka. Pambuyo podikira masiku 30, zipatso zokonzedwa zimakhala zotetezeka. M`pofunika molondola kusunga mlingo wa mankhwala, malinga ndi malangizo Ufumuyo, palibe vuto kuti overestimate analimbikitsa mlingo wa ntchito, koma kupeputsa izo. Pokhapokha mutagwiritsa ntchito mlingo wovomerezeka, zotsalira za mankhwala mu mankhwalawa sizidzapweteka. Osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otha ntchito, otha ntchito kapena osatsimikizika. Ngati mukukonzekera mankhwala ochulukirapo pa nyengo, ndiye gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Izi zithandiza kupewa kubuka kwa tizilombo tosamva mankhwala. Kupatula kudzikundikira kwa zinthu zovulaza, m'chigawo cha Amur tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita zosaposa 2 mankhwala opangira masamba ndi zipatso pa nyengo. Pofuna kupewa imfa ya njuchi, n'zosatheka kuchita mankhwala mankhwala a mbewu pa maluwa, n'zotheka kokha isanayambe kapena itatha. Nthawi zambiri ndi bwino kudula maluwa pa tchire la mbatata, mulole zakudya zipite ku mapangidwe a tubers, osati maluwa opanda pake. Ndi bwino kuchita processing yomweyo ndi oyandikana madera, ndiye imfa ya tizirombo adzakhala pazipita. Ndizotetezeka kukonzekera zochizira zomera mu chigoba chokhazikika cha gasi kapena chopumira cha RPG. Thonje-gauze, nsalu kuvala sangathe kuteteza wanu kupuma ziwalo zimakhetsedwa. Valani zovala zomwe zimaphimba thupi lanu. Chidebe chogwiritsidwa ntchito, njira yotsalayo iyenera kutayidwa mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa ndikukonzekera.
Akatswiri a Rosselkhoztsentr amalangiza mankhwala otsatirawa: Mtsogoleri, VRK (chigawo chachikulu cha mankhwala omwe amapha tizilombo mwachindunji ndi imidacloprid), Iskra - Zolotaya, P Tanrek, VRK, Corado, VRK (chogwiritsidwa ntchito - imidacloprid), Aktara, VDG ( yogwira pophika - thiamethoxam). Tetezani kwa milungu 2-3 mankhwala monga Qi-Alpha, EC (yogwira mankhwala - alpha-cypermethrin), Kinmix, EC (yogwira mankhwala - beta-cypermethrin), Mphezi, EC (yogwira mankhwala - lambda-cyhalothrin). Kuonjezera apo, mankhwala omwe ali m'nthaka amawola kwambiri moti amakhala opanda vuto kwa tizilombo. Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe polimbana ndi ng'ombe kumalimbikitsidwanso: Fitoverm, EC (yogwira mankhwala - aversectin C), Iskra - Bio (yogwira mankhwala - avertin N), Bitoxibacillin, P. Zokonzekerazi zimapha tizilombo ndi zowonongeka za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, choncho ndi zopanda vuto kwa anthu. Nthawi yodikira kwa iwo ndi masiku awiri okha. Kwa nyengo, zinthu zachilengedwe zitha kuchitidwanso zosaposa ziwiri. Choyipa chawo chachikulu ndikuchotsa mosavuta masamba, kuchitiridwa ndi zomera ndi mvula kapena mame ambiri, komanso kusachita bwino pakupha ladybug poyerekeza ndi kukonzekera kwamankhwala. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chazomera chokhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe chimachitika mu nyengo youma, yowala komanso yabata, pomwe mvula siyingachitike mkati mwa maola 2-8 mutalandira chithandizo.