Association of Advanced Grain Processing Enterprises idapereka ndemanga pazantchito zamakampaniwo theka loyamba la 2023, ikuwonetsa zambiri pakupanga, kutumiza kunja ndi kuitanitsa zinthu kuchokera kumakampani opangira mbewu zakuya. Kutumiza ndi kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu zowuma kukuwonetsa kuchepa, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kukonzanso kwamakampaniwo. Tsopano makampani akubwereranso kumisika ina - Asia, Middle East, ndi mayiko ena aku Africa.
Zambiri zopanga
Theka loyamba la 2023 likhoza kudziwika ndi kuchepa pang'ono pakupanga mitundu ina yazinthu zamakampani. Kuchepa kwa kupanga zowuma mbadwa zonse zinali 6% - 191 matani mu theka loyamba la 589,8 poyerekeza ndi matani 2023 mu nthawi yofananira chaka chatha. Panali kuchepa kwa kupanga wowuma wa tirigu ndi 203%, komwe kunali matani 375,8 poyerekeza ndi matani 3 mu 24. Panali kuchepa kwa kupanga wowuma wa chimanga ndi 821,7% - matani 25 mu 475,3 motsutsana ndi matani 2022 mu 6. Wowuma wa mbatata adawonetsanso kutsika kwa 161% (molingana ndi matani 080,2). Mu 2023, kupangidwa kwa wowuma wa mbatata kunali matani 170. Voliyumu yomwe idapangidwa ku Russia ikadali yaying'ono kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zakudya zina.
Kupanga voliyumu ndi bizinesi
Komabe, kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi angapo kudakwera poyerekeza ndi nthawi yopereka malipoti chaka chatha. Mwachitsanzo, wowuma wa chimanga amapangidwa ndi 6% yochulukirapo ndi JSC Chaplyginsky Starch Plant (yopangidwa ndi matani 15) ndi 098,0% yochulukirapo ndi JSC Khobotovsky Enterprise Starch Product (yopangidwa ndi matani 6), LLC Newbio - ndi 16% yochulukirapo (kapena matani 832,0) , Kabardinsky Starch Plant LLC - 10% yowonjezera (kapena matani 23).
Kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa katundu wa kunja ndi kunja
Ponena za ntchito zotumiza kunja, zatsika kwambiri. Kutumizidwa kunja kwa kuchuluka kwa chimanga, tirigu ndi mbatata zowuma kudatsika ndi 40%, ndipo zogulitsa kunja ndi 23%. Mwambiri, izi zitha kufotokozedwa ndikusamutsidwa kwa omwe akulowetsa kunja ndi osewera am'deralo komanso kukwera kwamitengo yazinthu potumiza katundu.
Msika wa zowuma zosinthidwa udakali wokongola
Mu gawo la zowuma zosinthidwa, panali kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga ndi 12%, komwe mwakuthupi kunali matani 47. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kutumizidwa kunja kwa starches kusinthidwa kunawonjezeka ndi 152,6%, kufika matani 16, ndipo zogulitsa kunja "zinagwa" ndi 34%, zomwe zimangokwana matani 967,9 okha.
Msikawu udakali wokongola kwa ndalama. "Makampani ena samamanga njira zopangira kuyambira pachimake, kudutsa kugaya tirigu kukhala wowuma, koma amagula wowuma wamba kuchokera kwa anzawo m'sitolo ndikusintha. Izi, mwachitsanzo, zomwe kampani ya Perm Khimprom LLC, yomwe idalowa nawo Association chaka chino, imachita, komanso Albion LLC m'chigawo cha Ryazan. Chifukwa chake, titha kuganiza kuti msika wapakhomo wazosintha ndi 20 peresenti yayikulu kuposa momwe ziwerengero zovomerezeka zimatiwonetsa. Koma musaiwale kuti msika wagawika kwambiri", atero Oleg Radin, Purezidenti wa bungweli.
M'gulu lazakudya za shuga wowuma, panali kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa manyuchi wowuma (glucose syrups) ndi glucose-fructose syrups (GFS), omwe anali 3,0% ndi 1,0% okha, motero. Munthawi yopereka lipoti ya chaka chino, matani a shuga a syrups okwana 240 adapangidwa ndipo kuchuluka kwa GFS kunali matani 863,7. LLC " Newbio inachulukitsa kupanga kasanu ndi kamodzi, ndikupanga matani 142 m'miyezi 438,8 ya 35, motero amadzaza magawo amakampani ku Central Federal District omwe adachepetsa kupanga.
Mu gawo la GFS, kukula kwakukulu (11%) kudawonedwa kokha ndi Cargill LLC, yomwe idatulutsa matani 62 amadzimadzi a glucose-fructose osiyanasiyana otsekemera. Izi mwina mwina chifukwa cha kuchoka kwa osewera padziko lonse, opanga zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, amene ankakonda beet shuga. "Tikuwona kuti zokonda zikusintha mokomera ma syrups ngati zosakaniza zina zopangira shuga wamadzimadzi. Komabe, kwa ogula ambiri, GFS ikadali chinthu "chovuta". Chinthu chinanso chomwe chimatsimikizira ndi mtengo wa shuga", ndemanga Oleg Radin.
Glucose syrups - kukula kwa kufunikira kwa kunja
Ma syrups ochokera kunja kwa nthawi yopereka lipoti adachepetsedwa kukhala "zero". Kutumiza kwa ma syrups a shuga kumayiko akunja kudakwera ndi 59%, zomwe zidafika matani 4. Pakati pa mayiko omwe amatumiza kunja ndi Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, ndi Republic of Moldova.
Maltodextrin yopangidwa inali 15% yocheperapo kuposa nthawi yofananira chaka chatha, yomwe inali matani 24 592. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti mu theka la chaka chino, Rustark LLC idachulukitsa kupanga ma voliyumu mpaka 10 (224% zambiri), ndipo Newbio LLC idachepetsa. gawo lake lakupanga mpaka matani 46 (14% kuchepera), kusintha ma syrups a glucose. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, theka la kuchuluka kwa kupanga kwa Rustark linapangidwa ndi maltodextrin yoyeretsedwa kwambiri pansi pa mtundu wa MultyDex.
Nthawi yamakono imatha kudziwika ndi kuchepa kwa zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja ndi kunja kwa maltodextrins. Yoyamba idatsika ndi 9%, yokwana matani 1, yachiwiri - ndi 809,3%, yokwana matani 24. Pakati pa mayiko omwe amatumiza kunja ndi Turkey, Uzbekistan, Colombia, Israel ndi Poland.
L-lysine sulphate inapanga matani 61, omwe ali ofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa kupanga kwa chaka chatha. Nthawi yomweyo, zogulitsa kunja zidatsika kwambiri (zochepera 097,0%), zomwe zidafika matani 76. Mabizinesi ku Russia ndi Belarus pafupifupi adakwaniritsa zosowa zawo zapakhomo za amino acid iyi.
Mapuloteni a zomera ndi mtsogoleri wotumiza kunja
Kupanga kwa mapuloteni a zomera monga tirigu gluten ndi chimanga cha gluten mu theka loyamba la 2023 kunali matani 42 ndi matani 543,0, motero.
Kutumiza kunja kwa tirigu gilateni (gilatini) kumakhalabe kokwera kwambiri (67% ya zopanga zonse ku Russia) - matani 28 chaka chino, popeza msika wamba wamba sunapangidwe mokwanira. Gawo lalikulu la malonda a gluteni linachokera ku mayiko monga Norway, USA ndi Turkey. Mutha kuwunikiranso Brazil, Israel ndi Republic of Korea. Mankhwalawa amatumizidwa kunja kukapanga chakudya cha nsomba ndi nyama zopanga zakudya.
Gawo la chimanga cha gluten likuwoneka mosiyana. M'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira ya 2023, matani 6 adatumizidwa (033,3% yochulukirapo) ku kuchuluka kwa msika wapakhomo. Mayiko akuluakulu omwe akutumiza kunja ndi China, Netherlands ndi Slovakia. Gawoli limakhalabe lodalira kumayiko ena chifukwa chakuti chimanga cha gluten chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chimanga chakuya, chomwe sichiposa 22% pamene wowuma ndi zotumphukira zake zadzipatula.
Zogulitsa zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa ku Russia
Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zingapo zokonzedwa bwino sizimapangidwa ku Russia. Komabe, malinga ndi deta yamilandu, pakufunika iwo pamsika wapakhomo. Chifukwa chake, zosakaniza izi zitha kukhala ndi chidwi pakupanga kwawoko. Mwachitsanzo, monga:
- Crystalline fructose (mankhwala oyera) - pafupifupi matani 2023 adatumizidwa mu theka loyamba la 3;
- Mapuloteni amaganizira (mapuloteni amasamba mu chakudya), kupatulapo chimanga ndi tirigu gilateni, - pafupifupi matani 3 adatumizidwa kunja;
- Mapuloteni odzipatula (mapuloteni amasamba opangira chakudya) - matani 6 adatumizidwa kunja;
- Organic zidulo (acetic, lactic, citric) mu okwana matani 43 anali kunja;
- Polylactide (biodegradable ma CD zinthu) - 165,4 matani kunja;
- Kukonzekera kwa enzyme (yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'makampani azakudya, kuphatikiza hydrolysis ya wowuma, kupanga ma syrups a shuga) - pafupifupi matani 6.
«Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mabizinesi aku Russia, koma kuthekera kwawo sikokwanira kukwaniritsa zosowa zapakhomo. Zina mwazinthu zokopa ndalama zomwe ndiyenera kuziwunikira: dextrose (glucose monohydrate) ndi sorbitol (wotsekemera) - wopangidwa ku Russian Federation ndi bizinesi imodzi, komabe, kuitanitsa, mwachitsanzo, sorbitol kunali matani 3.", ndemanga Oleg Radin, Purezidenti wa Association of Advanced Grain Processing Enterprises.