Msonkhano «Wowuma wa Soyuz» adawonetsa zotsatira zamakampani a 2021. Makampani opanga tirigu akuya akupitilira kukula pang'onopang'ono koma mokhazikika. Mu 2021, kupanga kwa maltodextrin ndi lysine kudakula kwambiri - m'magulu azogulitsa izi, kulowetsa m'malo ndi kuchuluka kwa zogulitsa kunja kukuchitika. Mabungwe a boma apanga njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira makampani - njira zothandizira zilipo kale ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampani.
Association of Deep Grain Processing Enterprises ikuwonetsa zochitika zingapo zofunika mu 2021 pamakampani. Pambuyo pa zovuta za 2020, makampani opanga makampani adayesetsa kulimbikitsa luso, kuonjezera zotuluka ndi kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu, ndikusintha magawo ena azinthu zochokera kunja. Mwambiri, 2021 idatha ndi machitidwe abwino pamakampani.
Mwa njira zomwe zimatengedwa pamlingo waboma zomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa bizinesiyo, ziyenera kudziwidwa dongosolo la malamulo okhazikika, omwe akuphatikizapo mapulogalamu a boma, machitidwe okhazikika a federal ndi zigawo.
Chifukwa chake, mabizinesi akuzama amatenga nawo gawo pakukhazikitsa pulogalamu ya feduro "Export of Agro-Industrial Complex Products", momwe akugogomezera pakupanga malonda atsopano azinthu zamafakitale zovuta, kuphatikiza zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera mtengo. kudzera muukadaulo wokonzanso zida zamakampani ndi njira zothandizira.
Chigawo chachikulu ndi chofunikira cha chithandizo cha boma kwa makampani ndi mwayi wopeza ngongole zokonda. Kubwereketsa kovomerezeka kumawonjezera luso lazachuma pama projekiti oyika ndalama ndipo kumachepetsa kwambiri kuwopsa kwa amalonda pazovuta kwambiri - gawo loyambirira, lomwe limabweretsa kusintha kwa ntchito zachuma mdziko muno ndipo, motero, kumabweretsa ndalama zowoneka bwino ku bajeti.
Njira imeneyi ndi yovomerezeka mwalamulo mu Lamulo la Boma la Russian Federation la April 26, 2019 No. 512, komanso Lamulo la Boma la Russian Federation la December 29, 2016 No. 1528. Chiwongola dzanja chokondedwa ndi 1-5% kutengera banki, pomwe nthawi yobwereketsa ngongole zazifupi ndi chaka chimodzi, komanso kuyambira zaka 1 mpaka 2 pazogulitsa. Zolinga zobwereketsa ndi kulipira malipiro, kugula tirigu kuti apitirize kukonza, kugula zipangizo, zomangamanga, kukonzanso ndi kukonzanso zipangizo zamakono, komanso kukonzanso mabizinesi.
Kusiyana kwakukulu mumakina ndi chikhalidwe chovomerezeka chopezera ngongole yofewa. Mkati mwa Chigamulo cha Boma la Russian Federation No. 512, kufunikira komaliza mgwirizano wokhudzana ndi mpikisano wowonjezereka kumakhazikitsidwa, pomwe wopanga ali ndi udindo wotsatira zizindikiro za chitukuko cha kupanga. Mkati mwa Chigamulo cha Boma la Russian Federation No. 1528 - kutsata ndondomeko yopangira zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zopangidwa m'dera la Russian Federation, zomwe ziyenera kukhala zosachepera 70%. Kupatulapo zopangira zakunja, ma analogues omwe samapangidwa ku Russian Federation.
Njira ina ndikuthekera kubweza gawo la ndalama zomwe zidachitika (20% ya mtengo weniweni wa malowo) popanga komanso (kapena) kukonzanso malo opangira zinthu zaulimi, mkati mwa dongosolo la Lamulo la Boma la Russian Federation la February 12.02.2020, 137 No. XNUMX.
Njira yothandizira boma yoperekedwa mkati mwa Chigamulo cha Boma la Russian Federation la September 15, 2017 No. 1104 ili ndi zofunikira kwambiri pakati pa makampani - ogulitsa kunja kwa mafakitale. Malinga ndi zomwe malipiro amaperekedwa kwa 25% ya mtengo wamtengo wapatali kwa opanga ndi ogulitsa zinthu zaulimi, pamene zoyendetsa ndi kutumiza katundu zimachokera kumalo onyamulira omwe ali m'dera la Russian Federation kupita kumalo omaliza mwa njira zonse. za transport.
Zatsopano za Federal Law No. 4973-1 "Pa Grain" zinayamba kugwira ntchito, malinga ndi zomwe Federal State Information System "Grain" inakhazikitsidwa. FSIS "Grain" idapangidwa kuti ipangitse njira zosonkhanitsira, kukonza, kusunga ndi kusanthula zidziwitso m'munda wamafuta ambewu ndi tirigu, kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikuyenda bwino.
Chifukwa cha njira zothandizira boma zomwe zaperekedwa, m'zaka zaposachedwa makampani awonetsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zalandilidwa (Table 1), chifukwa cha kuchepa kwadongosolo kwa kudalira kutengera zinthu kuchokera kunja kwa zinthu zingapo zomwe zawonjezeredwa. zopangidwa (Table 2), kukulitsa kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu zopangidwa, komanso kuthekera kolowera m'misika yatsopano yapadziko lonse lapansi (Table 3).
Zosintha zamakampani chaka ndi chaka zikuwonetsa kukula pang'onopang'ono koma kokhazikika. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa Rosstat ndi Association, mu 2021, chiwonjezeko chachikulu (pafupifupi nthawi 2) chikuwonekera pakupanga maltodextrin, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndikusintha mwadongosolo kwa analogue yotumizidwa kunja ndikusintha kwa ogula kupita kuzinthu zapakhomo - chaka chino. kutulutsa kwa wowuma kumeneku kunafika matani 39932.
Kupanga kwa lysine kunakula ndi 30% pa chaka, chomwe chimapangidwa ku Russia ndi makampani awiri - CJSC Premix Plant No. 1 ndi JSC AminoSib. Mu 2021, zoweta L-lysine sulfate anali 117000 matani.
Poganizira ntchito yonse yamabizinesi atatu - Cargill LLC, Aston Starch Products LLC ndi Biotech-Rosva JSC - kupanga ma syrups a glucose-fructose kudakwera pafupifupi matani 258975 chaka chino. Zogulitsa zina zowuma zidawonetsa kukula kuchokera ku 1,2% mpaka 9,5% (Table 1).
Table 1 - Kupanga kwa wowuma ndi wowuma, matani
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | Dynamics 2021 mpaka 2020,% | |
Zowuma, kupatula zosinthidwa | 280 889 | 294 654 | 324 914 | 346 283 | 6,6 |
Zowonongeka | 9 064 | 8 165 | 9 526 | 10 429 | 9,5 |
Zowuma zosinthidwa | 45 928 | 58 804 | 61 103 | 62 941 | 3,0 |
Glucose-fructose syrups | 174 722 | 152 504 | 200 625 | 258 975 | 29,1 |
Maltodextrin | 0 | 19 131 | 20 073 | 39 932 | 98,9 |
Molasses wowuma | 464 216 | 466 648 | 467 235 | 476 532 | 1,2 |
Lysine | 68 000 | 80 000 | 90 000 | 117 000 | 30,0 |
Malinga ndi Federal Forodha Service, kunja kwa zinthu wowuma chaka chino nkhani kukula kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi 2020 mu gulu la wowuma mbadwa (zochokera kunja anakwana 40225 matani, amene ndi 63,7% zambiri), dextrins (zochokera - 1489 matani, amene ndi 67,5% zambiri ) ndi madzi owuma (kulowetsa - matani 6, omwe ndi 066% ochulukirapo).
Kutumiza kwa tirigu ndi mbatata zowuma pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri, kufika matani 10500 a wowuma wa tirigu mu 2021 poyerekeza ndi matani 4800 mu 2020. Kulowetsedwa kwa wowuma wa mbatata mu 2021 kunali matani 22500, ndipo mu 2020 - matani 12900. Izi zitha kufotokozedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa ogula omwe amasunga zosakaniza kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mtsogolo. Kuchepa kwa kupanga wowuma wa mbatata kudachitika chifukwa chakusakolola bwino kwa mbatata, komanso chifukwa chakuchulukira kwa wowuma wa tirigu wopangidwa ndi BioOperations LLP kumpoto kwa Kazakhstan. Zogulitsa kunja mu 2021 za wowuma wa chimanga zidakwana matani 4349, wowuma wa chinangwa 1476 matani (Table 2).
M'magulu a maltodextrin ndi lysine, pali kulowetsedwa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha ntchito zamabizinesi aku Russia. Maltodextrin yomwe idatumizidwa ku Russia mu 2021 ndi matani 5740, yomwe ndi 42,8% yocheperako poyerekeza ndi 2020. Lysine - matani 43130, omwe ndi 19,2% osachepera chaka chatha.
Tebulo 2 - Kutengera zinthu za wowuma ndi wowuma, matani
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | Dynamics 2021 mpaka 2020,% | |
Zowuma, kupatula zosinthidwa | 28 650 | 22 363 | 24 574 | 40 225 | 63,7 |
Zowuma zosinthidwa | 98 062 | 95 958 | 94 656 | 103 541 | 9,4 |
Glucose-fructose syrups | 3 334 | 1 761 | 2 445 | 2 254 | -7,8 |
Zowonongeka | 917 | 1 079 | 889 | 1 489 | 67,5 |
Maltodextrin | 24 351 | 14 625 | 10 038 | 5 740 | -42,8 |
Molasses wowuma | 9 386 | 6 942 | 4211 | 6 066 | 44,1 |
Lysine | 85 144 | 60 834 | 53 352 | 43 130 | -19,2 |
Kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu zamtengo wapatali kwambiri mu 2021 kudakwera poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha potumiza kunja kwa maltodextrin, masitache achilengedwe komanso osinthidwa, ndikutsika potumiza kunja kwa ma syrups, dextrins ndi lysine. Kutumiza kunja kwa wowuma wa tirigu mu 2021 kunali matani 2932, wowuma wa chimanga matani 43335, wowuma wa mbatata 2416 matani.
Kukula kwakukulu kwa kunja kwa 996% kumawonedwa pakutumiza kwa maltodextrin - 13536 mu 2021. M'magulu ena, pali kuchepa kwakukulu chaka chino poyerekeza ndi 2020. Madzi a Glucose-fructose adatumizidwa kunja 84,3% kuchepera - matani 428. Dextrins ndi 64% zochepa - 166 matani. Madzi a wowuma ndi 29,4% zochepa - 23822 matani (Table 3).
Table 3 - Kutumiza kunja kwa wowuma ndi zinthu zowuma, matani
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | Dynamics 2021 mpaka 2020,% | |
Zowuma, kupatula zosinthidwa | 33 428 | 29 279 | 26 257 | 48 814 | 85,9 |
Zowuma zosinthidwa | 5 852 | 7 151 | 7 484 | 8 142 | 8,8 |
Glucose-fructose syrups | 886 | 852 | 2 728 | 428 | -84,3 |
Zowonongeka | 217 | 461 | 461 | 166 | -64,0 |
Maltodextrin | 266 | 981 | 1235 | 13 536 | 996,0 |
Molasses wowuma | 27 949 | 19 834 | 33 764 | 23 822 | -29,4 |
Lysine | 736 | 616 | -16,3 |
"Mu 2021, bizinesi yathu idakula pazinthu zambiri pambuyo pa 2020 yovuta. Zomwe zilipo panopa zothandizira zapereka zotsatira zowoneka bwino pakukula kwa mafakitale, koma kukula kwakukulu kwa makampani ndikotheka pokhapokha ngati pali pulogalamu yosiyana ya chitukuko cha mafakitale, komanso njira yopangira malonda apakati. , makamaka, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizano wamtsogolo wa tirigu ndi chimanga, "akutero Oleg, Purezidenti wa Soyuzkrakhmal Association Radin.
Za Soyuzkrakhmal Association: Association of Deep Grain Processing Enterprises ndi bungwe lopanda phindu lomwe limalimbikitsa kulimbikitsa ndi chitukuko cha msika wapakhomo wokonza mbewu zakuya. Soyuzkrakhmal Association idakhazikitsidwa mu 1998 ndipo pakadali pano imagwirizanitsa mabizinesi akulu kwambiri pamsika, kupereka pafupifupi 80% ya wowuma wamba, kuposa 75% ya zoweta zapakhomo za wowuma wamba, maltodextrin ndi syrups ya glucose-fructose, 90% ya wowuma wosinthidwa ndi 100% ya glucose syrups ndi L-lysine sulfate. Pa Meyi 20, 2022, Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse wa VI "ProStarch 2022: zomwe zikuchitika pamsika wakukonza mbewu zakuya".