Mosakayikira, mutu waukulu wa chilimwe cha 2018 unali chisankho cha Eurasian Economic Commission kuti akhazikitse ntchito zotsutsana ndi kutaya kwa anthu ambiri opanga mankhwala a herbicide ochokera ku Ulaya.
Zikuganiziridwa kuti opanga mankhwala a herbicide ku Ulaya azilipira malipiro apadera kuyambira 28% mpaka 52% yamtengo wapatali wamtengo wapatali wa chinthu chilichonse. Chisankhochi chidzasintha kwambiri zinthu pamsika waku Russia wa zinthu zoteteza zomera.
Nkhani yolipira idayamba mu Disembala 2016. Kenako makampani anayi ochokera ku Russia, Belarus ndi Kazakhstan (Firma Avgust CJSC, Shchelkovo Agrokhim JSC, Avgust-Bel CJSC ndi Astana-Nan LLP) adapempha Eurasian Economic Union kuti achite kafukufuku wotsutsana ndi kutaya. Makampaniwa adanena kuti anzawo aku Europe akutumiza mankhwala ophera udzu m'maiko a EAEU (Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan ndi Armenia) pamitengo yotsika kwambiri. Ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa opanga m'deralo.
Kufufuzako kunatenga pafupifupi chaka ndi theka. Zotsatira zake, Economic Commission ya Eurasian idathandizira udindo wa ofunsirawo ndipo adaganiza zoyambitsa ntchito zotsutsana ndi kutaya kwa zaka zisanu kuyambira pa 30 June. Kuchuluka kwa ntchitoyo kunayikidwa ngati peresenti yamtengo wapatali wamankhwala ophera udzu.
M'chigamulo chake, Eurasian Economic Commission idapezanso mndandanda wa mitundu ya herbicide yomwe ntchito yoletsa kutaya sidzayambitsidwa:
- herbicides munali imodzi yogwira pophika penoxulam pa maselo ndende ya 25 g/l;
- herbicides munali imodzi yogwira pophika azimsulfuron pa maselo ndende ya 500 g/kg;
- mankhwala a herbicide okhala ndi cyhalofop-butyl yokhala ndi mamolekyulu a 100 g/l ndi penoxulam yokhala ndi ndende ya 13,33 g/l.
Mawerengedwe ndi zonena
Opanga mankhwala a herbicides ochokera ku Russia, Belarus ndi Kazakhstan adati zomwe adachitazo zidawonongeka chifukwa chachuma. Mankhwala ophera udzu otsika mtengo akunja adapangitsa kuti mchaka cha 2015 zinthu zapakhomo zidachepetsa gawo lawo pamsika, zidachepa, makampani adataya phindu ndipo adakakamizika kuchepetsa ntchito m'mafakitole awo. Ndipo mu 2016, mabizinesi apakhomo adakakamizika kuchepetsa mitengo yamankhwala ndi 12% kuti apikisane ndi mankhwala otsika mtengo a herbicides aku Europe.
Ofunsidwawo adawunikira chinthu chimodzi chofunikira: pamtengo wotsika mtengo, anzawo aku Europe-opikisana nawo adagulitsa mankhwala awo pamsika wamayiko a EAEU. M'misika yawo, mankhwala ophera udzu omwewa amawononga ndalama kuwirikiza katatu pa avareji. Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani kuwolowa manja kosaneneka kotere kwa opanga zaulimi aku Russia?
Vladimir Alginin, Mtsogoleri Wamkulu wa Russian Union of Manufacturers of Chemical Plant Protection Products:
- Kafukufuku wodziyimira pawokha wopangidwa ndi olamulira oyenera (EEC) adatsimikizira kuti, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu kwamitengo, makampani a EAEU adawonongeka kwambiri. Kusiyana kwamitengo pamsika wamkati waku Europe ndi msika wa EAEU kudafika 300%. Pokhudzana ndi kukakamizidwa kwamtengo kotereku kuchokera kwa opanga ku Europe, kutsika kwadongosolo kwa gawo la opanga EAEU pakugwiritsa ntchito kowoneka bwino (ndikuwonjezeka kwa gawo la opanga ku Europe), zomwe zidasokoneza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito achuma. ndi kuwonjezereka kwake.
Opanga a ku Ulaya sagwirizana kwathunthu ndi zotsatira za kafukufukuyo, akutsutsa malingaliro awo chifukwa cha kusowa kolondola kwa deta yamtengo wapatali, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ruble la Russia, kuitanitsa kwa herbicides kuchokera ku China ndi zifukwa zina. Anton Pushkarev, Mtsogoleri wa Zolumikizana, Syngenta LLC mu ndemanga yake ya nyuzipepala "Plant Protection" anati:
- Sitikuwona chifukwa chofotokozera ntchito yotsutsa kutaya kwa herbicides kuchokera ku EU. Lipoti la zotsatira za kafukufuku limasonyeza bwino kuti panthawi yofufuza (2013 - 2016), panalibe kuwonongeka kwakuthupi kwa opanga Russian - JSC Shchelkovo Agrokhim ndi CJSC Firm August. Nthawi yomweyo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito yotsutsa kutaya kumatha kusokoneza mpikisano wa gawo laulimi la Russia.
Komabe, chisankho chapangidwa. Funso lalikulu ndiloti zidzachitike pambuyo pake.
Zonse zidzachitika mu Ogasiti. Kapena osati?
Malinga ndi imodzi mwa matembenuzidwe, omwe akatswiri amakampani opanga zoteteza zomera akukambirana, kukhazikitsidwa kwa chigamulo chokhazikitsidwa kumatha kuyimitsidwa kwa nthawi inayake. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa mosapita m'mbali ndi udindo wa Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russia, womwe umanenapo za momwe zinthu zilili mosamalitsa komanso mosamala. Pamsonkhano wa June pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zotsutsana ndi kutaya kwa herbicides zomwe zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku European Union kupita ku gawo la miyambo ya Eurasian Economic Union, Minister of Agriculture of Russia Dmitry Patrushev adati:
- Posachedwapa, pakhala zopempha zambiri kuchokera kwa mabungwe amakampani ndi mabungwe olima mbewu kuti achedwetse kukhazikitsa njira imeneyi. Kupatula kukhazikitsidwa kwa chigamulo cholakwika ndi zotsatira zoyipa, pakufunika kukambirana kowonjezera.
Mwachiwonekere, kukambirana ndi kukambirana kuli mkati, ndipo ambiri a iwo sanalengezedwebe. Opanga ku Russia amakhulupirira kuti palibe zifukwa zazikulu zoyimitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa chigamulo cha Eurasian Council.
Vladimir Alginin, Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Russian Union of Manufacturers of Chemical Plant Protection Products:
- Kuchokera ku mfundo yakuti kutaya kuwonongeka kwa makampani a EAEU kwatsimikiziridwa ndi bungwe la supranational - EEC, kukhazikitsidwa kwa anti-dumping muyeso mwa mawonekedwe a ntchito kudzakhala koyenera komanso kovomerezeka. Zodetsa nkhawa zonse za omwe akupanga zaulimi m'maiko a EAEU okhudzana ndi kukwera kwa mitengo yamankhwala ophera udzu ndikusinthidwa ndikukonzekera kofananako kwa zokolola zapakhomo zidathetsedwa. Pankhani imeneyi, palibe mikangano ina yozama yomwe ikugwirizana ndi kusatengera izi mwalamulo. Nthawi yokhazikitsa ntchito zotsutsana ndi kutaya idzalandiridwa potsatira msonkhano wa Supreme Eurasian Economic Council.
Sizokhudza nthawi, ndi zotsatira zake.
Pakalipano, onse othandizira ndi otsutsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito zotsutsana ndi kutaya akutsimikiza kuti nkhani yaikulu si nthawi ya kukhazikitsidwa kwa chigamulo chovomerezeka, koma zotsatira zake. Awiri akuluakulu opanga mankhwala ophera udzu achita kale njira zodzitetezera kuti asawapatse ntchito. Syngenta ndi BASF adatenga mwaufulu "zopereka zamtengo wapatali": adalonjeza kuti adzalandira zosaposa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo ndikugulitsa pamtengo wocheperapo.
Anton Pushkarev, Mtsogoleri wa Zolumikizana, Syngenta LLC:
- Pakafukufuku wotsutsana ndi kutaya, mgwirizano wowonekera komanso wogwira ntchito wapangidwa pakati pa Syngenta ndi Eurasian Economic Commission. Chifukwa cha zokambiranazo, Syngenta adasaina kudzipereka kwamtengo potengera kufunika kowonetsetsa kuti mankhwala ophera udzu apamwamba a EU akupezeka kwa ogula a EAEU, komanso kutsimikizira kuti padzakhala nthawi yosinthika pomwe zomwe talonjeza pantchito zopanga zakomweko. zidzakwaniritsidwa.
Kudzipereka kwamitengo kudzalola Syngenta kupitiliza kugulitsa mankhwala ophera udzu opangidwa ndi EU pamsika wa EAEU pamitengo yomwe siyimawononga makampani adziko lonse komanso popanda ntchito zotsutsana ndi kutaya.
Kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo wa mankhwala ophera udzu pambuyo poyambitsa ntchito zotsutsana ndi kutaya kumadetsa nkhawa kwambiri msika. Mwachiwonekere, mitengo ya mankhwala ochokera kunja kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ku Ulaya (kupatula Syngenta ndi BASF) idzakula ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito zotsutsana ndi kutaya.
Opanga otsogola ku Russia, kwa gawo lawo, adapereka mayiko omwe ali mamembala a EAEU kuti akwaniritse mapangano kuti aletse kukula kosafunikira kwamitengo yamankhwala a herbicide. Chikalata choterocho chasindikizidwa kale ndi Republic of Belarus, mgwirizano ndi mayiko ena akumalizidwa. Lingaliroli likukambidwanso kuti lisayine mapangano ndi mabungwe a agrarian aku Russia pakukonzekera mindandanda yamitengo yazaka zisanu izi ndi njira zina.
Komabe, akatswiri a msika amakhulupirira kuti kuwonjezeka kwa mitengo ya herbicides kudzachitikabe pazifukwa zomwe opanga Russia sangakhudze. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chakuti zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala a herbicides zimaperekedwa kuchokera ku China. M'miyezi itatu yoyambirira ya 2018 yokha, kupezeka kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito kuchokera ku China kudatsika ndi 19%, pomwe mitengo idakwera ndi 20%. Kuonjezera apo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo lokhudza VAT, kuwonjezeka kwa malipiro ena ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali kudzakhudza mtengo wa herbicides opangidwa ndi Russia.
Tetezani ndi kuteteza
Pakalipano, ntchito zotsutsana ndi kutaya pa mankhwala a herbicides ngakhale pamapepala a mapepala zakhudza kale msika. Ndipo chikoka ichi ndithudi ndi chabwino. Opanga ku Europe awonjezera kuyesetsa kwawo kuti apange ku Russia. Kumbukirani kuti nkhawa ya Bayer ipanga 2020% yazinthu zoteteza zomera zomwe zimagulitsidwa ku Russia pofika chaka cha 60 (30% yokha ndiyomwe ikupanga pano), Syngenta idzakhazikitsa 2019% yakupanga kwa herbicide pofika 80, DuPont ikuganizanso za zomera zatsopano ku Russia ndipo ikukambirana nkhaniyi ndi Unduna wa zamalimidwe.
Zikuwoneka kuti ntchito zotsutsana ndi kutaya zikugwira ntchito kale pazokonda zamakampani oteteza mbewu, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa zokolola ku Russia. Kupanda kutero, makampani aku Russia oteteza mbewu sadzakhala ndi tsogolo. Opanga ku Europe sadzakhala "achifundo" nthawi zonse kwa alimi aku Russia. Mitengo yawo yotsika lero ndi njira yachikale yakugonjetsa misika yakunja, yofotokozedwa m'buku lililonse lazamalonda. Ngati zopanga zapakhomo sizikupulumuka pankhondo yamitengo ndikusokonekera, zitha kukweza mitengo. Osachepera ku Europe mlingo, ndiye kuti, katatu. Kapena zambiri. Mukamayendetsa msika, mutha kulamula mitengo iliyonse.
N’chifukwa chake mayiko ambiri amateteza misika yawo m’njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuwaimiritsa ntchito. Mfundo yakuti opanga zinthu zoteteza zomera ku Russia agwirizanitsa ndi kuteteza zokonda zawo mwachitukuko ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha kusanja mabwalo a mpikisano wachilungamo.
Vladimir Alginin, Mtsogoleri Wamkulu wa Russian Union of Manufacturers of Chemical Plant Protection Products:
- Kumbali ya alimi, zinthu pamsika wa herbicide sizisintha kwenikweni. Adzapatsidwanso mankhwala apakhomo ndi a ku Ulaya mokwanira. Chifukwa chakuti gawo la herbicides pamtengo wa mankhwala omaliza ndilopanda pake, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mitengo yamtengo wapatali sikuyembekezeredwa.
Kumbali ya opanga ku Europe, mzere wa assortment wa herbicides umanenedweratu kuti udzakhalabe womwewo, zomwe sizingachepetse kusankha kwaulere kwa ogula.
Njira yotsutsana ndi kutaya kwamakampani aku Europe ndikulimbikitsanso kukulitsa kupanga mankhwala ophera udzu m'mabizinesi apakhomo kudzera pakulipira komanso kupititsa patsogolo kupanga ku Russia.
Kumbali yamakampani apanyumba, njira yotsutsa kutaya imathandizira kuti pakhale mpikisano pamsika, zomwe zidzathandizira kukulitsa kupanga mabizinesi a EAEU, kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito zatsopano, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zamisonkho. bajeti ya magawo osiyanasiyana.
Kufanana kwa mipikisano yogwirira ntchito kwa opanga ku Europe ndi Eurasian kumatsegula mwayi watsopano wogwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, kuonjezera kupanga mankhwala a herbicides m'mabizinesi apakhomo kudzera mumalipiro, kupititsa patsogolo komanso kupititsa patsogolo kupanga zinthu zoteteza zomera ku Russian Federation, kusamutsa ukadaulo komanso kupanga zinthu zatsopano kwa opanga zaulimi, kafukufuku wophatikizana ndi ntchito zachitukuko. Opanga ku Russia opanga zinthu zoteteza zomera ali okonzeka kukambirana njira ndi mawonekedwe a mgwirizano woterewu ndi makampani onse omwe ali ndi chidwi. Larisa Yuzhaninova.
Source: https://www.agroxxi.ru