Zoti dziko lathu lili pakati pa atsogoleri adziko lonse ogulitsa mbewu za tirigu ndizodziwika bwino. Ndipo zakuti timaperekanso mayiko akunja khumi ndi awiri ndi mafuta athu a mpendadzuwa si nkhani ayi. Timaperekanso ng'ombe kumsika wakunja. Koma apa pali mfundo yoti Russia idayamba msika wadziko lonse ndi zida zake ... zipsu! - zosayembekezereka.
Zowopsa. Koma ndikufuna
"Zosayembekezereka, koma zakwaniritsidwa," - atero akatswiri a kampani yotsatsa Roif Expert, yemwe adaphunzira pamsika wa tchipisi ta mbatata. Zowona, akuti, tchipisi chathu sanafikebe patali kunja, koma Kazakhstan, Belarus, Azerbaijan ndi mayiko ena omwe kale anali USSR adakonda kwambiri. Mwamwayi, otsatsa amalimbikitsa, pazaka zitatu zapitazi, kukula kwa kapangidwe ka tchipisi mdziko muno kwachulukirachulukirachulukira ngakhale mphamvu zakunyumba. Ndipo kusiyana kumeneku kunapangitsa kuti athe kuwonjezera kugulitsa kunja pafupifupi 10% chaka chilichonse.
Chaka chatha, zinali pafupifupi 20% ya zochuluka zonse zakupanga mdziko muno. M'mawu ofunika, ndi madola 75 miliyoni aku US. Mwachilungamo: tchipisi chakunja chimatumizidwanso ku Russia. Koma, mwachitsanzo, mchaka cha 2015, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakunja ndi zakunja kudafanana, ndiye kuti mu 2019, zochokera ku mayiko akunja zidali zosakwana katatu poyerekeza ndi zotumiza kuchokera ku Russia.
Pachifukwachi, zolembazo ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wapadziko lonse zikhoza kuikidwa pambali. Ndipo tcherani khutu kuzidziwikiratu kwa momwe zinthu ziliri pano, zomwe owonera amalonda azindikira - omwe amatsata mayendedwe amakasitomala m'masitolo. Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka kuti kugula zokhwasula-khwasula m'masabata awiri akukakamizidwa "kutchuthi" m'mizinda pafupifupi kawiri. Ndipo tchipisi ndi gawo chabe lazogulitsira zakudya.
Zosakaniza ndi zopangidwa ndi njala yofulumira komanso yosavuta. Amathandizanso kupititsa nthawi. Kuphatikiza iwo omwe tsopano ali kudzipatula. Uku ndiye kufotokoza kwa kuchuluka kwa zofuna za ogula.
Msika wonse wogulitsira pogawika udagawika m'magulu awiri, komanso akulu akulu - azakudya zokhwasula-khwasula komanso zotsekemera. Yoyamba imatsogozedwa ndi tchipisi chathu (nawonso ali ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri pamsika wogulitsira - pafupifupi 30%). Kumbuyo kwawo kuli mbewu, mtedza; ming'alu yamchere, mapesi, makeke; nsomba, nsomba; soseji zosuta, ndi zina zambiri.
Malinga ndi kampani yofufuza "Market Analytica", tchipisi todziwika kwambiri pakati pa anthu aku Russia ndi tchipisi tokometsera tchizi. Amakonda ogula 36%. Kupitilira muyeso wotsika: tchipisi ndi kirimu wowawasa ndi zitsamba (14%), zachilengedwe ndi mchere (12%), ndi anyezi (10%), ndi nyama yankhumba (8%), ndi kirimu wowawasa ndi bowa (4%). 3% ya ogula "sasamala, ndimakonda mitundu yonse".
Amuna kuyambira 18 mpaka 50 azaka zambiri samakonda tchipisi tokha, komanso zokometsera zonse zamchere. Ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ndi achinyamata azaka zapakati pa 16 mpaka 23 komanso azaka zapakati.
Ngakhale ogula ambiri - 80% - amaganiza kuti tchipisi ndi zakudya zina zamchere sizabwino, amazigula mulimonse. 37% amatulutsa zokhwasula-khwasula kamodzi pa sabata, 30% - kamodzi pamasabata awiri kapena atatu. Koma 10% amadya izi tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kubwezera kwa Choipa Cook
Mbiri yakale yapadziko lonse lapansi imadziwa zinthu zambiri zomwe zidabadwa mwangozi. Zomwezo zinalinso ndi tchipisi.
... Makina oyendetsa sitimayo, wokhala ndi sitima yayikulu kwambiri ku New World, Cornelius Vanderbilt, anali ndi umunthu wopanda pake. Tsiku lina adakhala ku hotelo yabwino kwambiri m'tawuni ya Saratoga Springs ndipo adamuyitanitsa patebulo nthawi yamasana.
Mbiri siyikunena chilichonse chomwe chimaperekedwa nkhomaliro. Koma mu utoto amafotokoza kunyansidwa komwe mbatata idapangitsa mamilionea. Iye, inu mukuwona, anali atadulidwa kwambiri. Mbaleyo idabwezedwa kukhitchini, yatsopano idabweretsedwa. Zomwe amachita ndizofanana: fi, chachikulu! .. Ndipo nthawi yachitatu - chinthu chomwecho ...
Wophika wosauka George Crum adazunzidwa kuti akupera mbatata. Ndipo, akukonzekera mbaleyo nthawi yachinayi, mokwiya, adadula tubers mu magawo abwino kwambiri. Kenako anawakazinga m'mafuta mpaka kutsuka. Pambuyo pake, amavomereza kuti zinali zoyambitsa - ngakhale panali chiphokoso.
Kukwiya kudalephera. Vanderbilt anasangalala ndi mbale yatsopanoyi. Ndipo ndidayitanitsa magawo a mbatata (mchingerezi - tchipisi) nthawi yonse yomwe ndimakhala ku hotelo. Zakudya zatsopanozi zidatchedwa "Chips Saratoga" ndipo zidakhala dzina.
Zinachitika mu 1853. Ndipo posakhalitsa Krum adatsegula malo ake odyera. Kuphatikiza apo, tchipisi mkati mwake sizogulitsa; mutha kungophika mbatata zophika patebulo. Mbaleyi yatchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu otchuka ku America ndikulemba mndandanda wamaresitilanti apamwamba ku United States.
Patangotha zaka makumi atatu zokha, khrisayo adapita mumsewu. Zaka makumi atatu pambuyo pake, mu 20s ya zaka zapitazi, adawoloka malire a United States ndikuyenda "kudziko lapansi."
Chips chidawonekera ku Soviet Union mu 1963. Kupanga kudakhazikitsidwa ku Moscow ku bizinesi ya Mospischekombinat No. 1. Katunduyu amatchedwa "Crispy Potato (m'magawo). Moscow ". Anapangidwa atadzaza m'matumba a 50 gramu ndipo pamtengo wa masenti 10. M'chigawochi, ngakhale m'mizinda yayikulu, palibe chomwe chidapangidwa. Chifukwa chake, chikwama cha mbatata za crispy chinali hotelo yopambana ya Moscow. Zisiyeni zikhale zabodza kwambiri.
Sizinachitike mwamwayi kuti ndinakumbukira zamafuta. Tsopano imodzi mwabizinesi imapanga Mbatata ya Moscow, kutsatira njira yachikale ija ya Soviet, koma kusintha zina ndi zina mwaukadaulo. Izi zidapulumutsa mafuta omaliza kuchokera kumafuta owonjezera.
Ndipo kudziwana koyamba kwa Russia ndi tchipisi topezeka zakunja kunachitika m'ma 1990. Tiyenera kuvomereza: dziko lonselo, kuyambira laling'ono mpaka lalikulu, lalumikizidwa ndi iwo. Ngakhale zidadziwika kale zotsatira zamasayansi zomwe zimazindikira kuti mankhwalawa ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi (zakudya zosapatsa thanzi - "zinyalala chakudya").
Mbatata Yapadera
Njira yopangira tchipisi, monga zaka zopitilira zana ndi theka zapitazo, ndikuphika magawo a mbatata zosaphika. Komabe, tsopano nthawi zambiri imasinthidwa ndi zinthu zophika. Mulimonsemo, mtundu wa zopangira ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa mbatata wamba sizoyenera tchipisi.
Obereketsa apanga tchipisi tosiyanasiyana tokometsera. Zilonda zake ziyenera kukhala zowirira, zokhala ndi lathyathyathya komanso zozungulira. Mndandanda wazofunikira zofunikira udalongosolanso zomwe maso ake akuyenera kukhala - osaya, kuti akwaniritse kuyeretsa. Mankhwalawa ayenera kukhala osiyana: shuga wochepa komanso zolimba kwambiri.
Kwazaka khumi ndi theka zapitazi, mitundu yatsopano ndi ma hybrids osati achilendo okha, komanso kusankha kwa zoweta kwawonekera. Ndipo polimidwa tchipisi cha mbatata ku Russia tsopano adagawa malo. Zochuluka kwambiri kwakuti nthawi zambiri kupezeka kwazinthu zatsopano za mbewu kumapitilira zomwe zimafunidwa kuchokera ku mabizinesi othandizira. Kenako tchipisi cha mbatata timapita kukagulitsanso pa par ndi chipinda chodyeramo.
Malinga ndi miyezo ya opanga ambiri, mafuta owotchera sayenera kupereka fungo kuzinthu zomwe zatha. Chifukwa chake, mafuta a mgwalangwa kapena soya amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Kwa tchipisi cha premium - azitona. Mukazizira, tchipisi tawuma, kuthira mchere, kukonkha ndikulongedza.
Njira ina yopangira ndikuwumba. Kuchokera ku mtanda wa mbatata, wokhala ndi ufa wambewu, wowuma, mchere, mbale zopyapyala zimapangidwa - mosabisa kapena malata, ndi zokazinga. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kukoma kwa mbatata yokazinga kumatayika, chifukwa chake zotsekemera nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa mu tchipisi. Ndipo kuti "zonunkhira" zisathe kulikonse, monosodium glutamate imawonjezeredwa - chotchuka kwambiri komanso chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Njira ina yopangira ndi tchipisi todzikuza. Amapangidwanso "pa wowuma". Koma kukoma kwake sikumveka. Ndipo zowonjezera zochepa zimafunikira kukometsera tchipisi. Ku Europe, tsopano amasankha mitundu iyi. Ku Russia, komabe, tchipisi tomwe timapezekabe pagulu lakusamalira. Kukhazikitsa tchipisi kamodzi atakhala mankhwala wamba tsiku lililonse sikophweka. Kudalira pa iwo ndikofanana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo - izi zidatsimikiziridwa ndi asayansi aku Germany. Koma palibe amene adanenapo za "momwe angazimitse ubongo" pakugwiritsa ntchito mosalamulira zakudya zopanda pake.