Anastasia Borovkova, Ph.D. s.-x. Sci., Agribusiness Development Manager, Omia Ural LLC
Roman Semkov, Technical Manager, Omia Ural LLC
Kuipa kwanyengo m'chilimwe cha 2021 sikunangokhudza zotsatira za nyengo. Malinga ndi Union of Potato and Vegetable Market Participants (Potato Union), zokolola ku Russia chaka chino ndi 15-20% zosakwana chaka chatha. Koma vuto siliri kokha pakuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zosonkhanitsa: m'mafamu ambiri, kuchepa kwa malonda azinthu kumadziwika. Mbatata zazikulu zokhala ndi mainchesi 55+ mm, zomwe kale zinali 80% ya mbewu, tsopano zosaposa 50%. Zimakhala zovuta kugulitsa zinthu zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi unyolo wamalonda, ndipo ndalama zomwe zimagulitsidwa ndizochepa.
Pansi pazimenezi, njira zilizonse zowonjezerera zokolola za ma tubers akuluakulu zithandizira kukulitsa luso lazachuma pamafamu a mbatata, makamaka popeza mndandanda wa njira zowongolera chizindikirochi ndi ochepa. Imodzi mwa njira zomwe zingatheke ndikuyang'anitsitsa zinthu zatsopano zomwe zikungoyamba kumene ku msika wa Russia, kuziphatikiza mu teknoloji, kuonjezera zokolola kuchokera.
hekitala iliyonse.
M'nyengo yovuta kwambiri ya 2021, tinali ndi mwayi wowona zotsatira za kukonzekera kwatsopano ku Switzerland Omia Calcipril, feteleza wopangidwa kuchokera ku micronized (finely ground) ufa wa calcium carbonate yoyeretsedwa. Mankhwala ali mkulu zili koyera kashiamu - 38%. Kwa zomera, ndi feteleza, ndipo nthaka ndi acidity normalizer, zotsatira ziwiri zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa zokolola ndi mapangidwe a mbewu ya mbatata.
Pali maganizo kuti mbatata safuna liming, kuti zingasokoneze khalidwe la tubers ndi kuchititsa kugonjetsedwa ndi wamba nkhanambo. Mbatata ndi ya mbewu zomwe sizimva acidity ya nthaka ndipo zimatha kukula mu pH yotakata, koma pamodzi ndi kaloti, tebulo ndi ma beets a shuga, amafunikira calcium ndi magnesium okwanira m'nthaka. Kuchotsa zinthu izi pokolola mbatata ndi: 3-4 kg Ca/t, 1,1 kg Mg/t. Calcium leaching imachokera 50 mpaka 350 kg / ha pachaka.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa kukonzekera koyeretsedwa kwambiri ndi micronized Omia Calcipril ku Melagro LLC, Vladimir Region, kunatsimikizira bwino kwake. Poyesera, 400 kg / ha yokonzekera idagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachisawawa musanabzale, kenako mphero ndi kubzala zidachitika.
Gulu 1 likuwonetsa zotsatira zofananira. Zokolola zidakwera ndi 7,5 t/ha kapena 19,1%. Mtengo wa zokolola zina kuposa mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Timatsindika kuti panthawiyi kugula kwa Omia Calcipril kumathandizidwa ndi boma pansi pa pulogalamu ya "Lime of dothi" (malipiro a ndalama kuchokera ku 50%), zomwe zimalola minda kuti ilandire zopindulitsa zina.
Zokolola zinawonjezeka chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa kachigawo kakang'ono. Pa mkuyu. 1 ndi 2 zikuwonetsa momwe Omya Calcipril adawongolera kutulutsa kwa kachigawo kakang'ono. Choncho, zokolola za 60 mm kachigawo kawiri kawiri, ndipo zokolola za gawo la 50-60 mm zawonjezeka ndi 28,1%.
Pafupifupi mizu yonse (mpaka 95%) ili pafupi ndi pulawo, kotero mbatata imafuna chonde pa nthaka ndikuyankha bwino paukadaulo waulimi. Zokolola ndi khalidwe lake mwachindunji zimadalira mikhalidwe analengedwa mu lokwera, nchifukwa chake ali mu mphamvu yathu, mwa rationally kudzaza malo chikhalidwe, kupeza pazipita agronomic ndi chuma dzuwa kupanga.