Pazaka ziwiri zapitazi, mitengo ya mbatata ku Russia idakhalabe yotsika kwambiri. Kodi alimi a mbatata achite chiyani pamenepa? Yang'anani mwayi wopeza ndalama zokhazikika.
"Monga woyang'anira famuyo, ndili ndi ntchito yomaliza ntchito yopereka 90, kapena kuposapo 99% ya zokolola zamtsogolo, ntchito ya m'munda isanayambe," akutero Dmitry Kabanov, mkulu wa bungwe. AgroAlliance-NN LLC "Palibe bizinesi imodzi lero yomwe ingakwanitse kukulolani kukulitsa malonda popanda chitsimikizo cha kubweza ndalama, "mwamwayi."
Mu 2023, kampaniyo idayesa dzanja lake popanga mbatata kuti zisinthidwe, molamulidwa ndi wopanga chip wamkulu ku Russia, Frito Lay Manufacturing LLC. Ntchitoyi idakhala yoyesera kwa maphwando onse: mpaka nthawiyo, famuyo inalibe chidziwitso chogwira ntchito ndi mitundu ya chip, ndipo bizinesi yokonzayo inalibe opanga anzawo azinthu zopangira m'chigawo cha Nizhny Novgorod.
Kuyeseraku kudathandizidwanso ndi kampani ya mbewu ya NORIKA-SLAVIA, wopanga zinthu zoteteza zomera LLC Firm "August", omwe amapereka mayankho aukadaulo wolima LLC "Metos", omwe amapereka zida zolima ndi kukolola mbatata LLC Company "Agrotrade " ndi wogulitsa zipangizo ulimi wothirira LLC "Potential". Magazini yathu yanena kale za magawo a chitukuko cha zochitika izi kale ("Potato System" No. 2 ndi 3, 2023). Autumn ndi nthawi yowerengera.
Tikumbukire kuti experimental chiwembu kukula mitundu kwa processing wotanganidwa mahekitala asanu okha. Inali ndi mitundu isanu ndi umodzi: atatu (Bonus, Kibitz ndi Pirol) adasankhidwa ndi NORIKA, atatu (BP 808, Newton, Lady Claire) adaperekedwa ndi kampani yokonza.
Nyengo m'dera la Perevozsky, komwe kuli famuyo, inali yabwino kuti akolole bwino. Mkulu wa bungwe la AgroAlliance-NN anati: “Nyengoyi si yabwino, koma panalibe mavuto aakulu.” “Timalima mbatata pothirira ndi kuthetsa chilala. Kusefukira kwa madzi kunapewedwanso. Pa mtunda wa makilomita 100 kuchokera kwathu, minda inasefukira, koma nyengoyo inatidutsa. Koma mkhalidwewo udatipangitsa kulingalira za kufunika kogwira ntchito ndi pulawo ya chisel zaka zitatu kapena zinayi zilizonse kuti tiwonjezere kusefera kwa nthaka.”
Anzathu anali othandiza kwambiri pogwira ntchitoyo. "Ndinkakonda kwambiri kuti milungu iwiri iliyonse panyengoyi woimira kasitomala amabwera kwa ife, ndipo tonse tinkayenda mozungulira mabwalo, ndikutsegula njira yopita ku zotsatira zabwino. Tinkaona mmene mbewuzo zinkakulirakulira komanso kukhwima kwa zokololazo,” akukumbukira motero Dmitry Kabanov. "Katswiri wathu adayang'anira ambiri alimi omwewo, amadziwa bwino zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yosiyanasiyana - pamchenga kapena m'dothi lakuda, kutentha kapena mvula - ndipo adagawana nafe izi mofunitsitsa. Zinali zothandiza kwambiri. "
Kumapeto kwa Julayi, famuyo inalandira chidziŵitso chakuti mbewuyo ivomereza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonse zimene inamera “kumunda” mwamsanga. Paupangiri wa woyang'anira zaulimi wa kasitomala, famuyo idachita kuthirira kowonjezerapo (15-20 mm iliyonse), zomwe zidapangitsa kuti gawo la tuber lichuluke. Pofuna kusunga nsongazo kwa nthawi yayitali, woimira kampani ya August anawonjezera chithandizo china cha fungicidal ku ndondomeko ya chitetezo.
Kuyeretsa kunachitika kumayambiriro kwa September, pafupifupi nyengo yabwino. Zizindikiro zopanga, kutengera mitundu, zidachokera ku 30 mpaka 52 t/ha.
Mbatata idatumizidwa ku mbewu mwachindunji kuchokera kumunda, matani 60 patsiku. Matani 240 onse adatumizidwa kuti akakonze. “Tinatha kukolola ndi kutumiza mbatata popanda kuwonongeka pang’ono, chifukwa cha zimenezi tinalandira mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa mitundu yonse isanu ndi umodzi,” anatero mkulu wa famuyo.
Zotsatira zake zinali zabwino, ngakhale kuchokera kumalingaliro a wotchedwa Dmitry Kabanov, teknoloji ikufunikabe ntchito yaikulu. "Kwa wopanga aliyense, ngakhale wodziwa zambiri, mitundu yatsopano ndi chidziwitso choyambirira. Mpaka mutayesa kuchitapo kanthu, simudzamvetsa momwe mungapezere zotsatira zabwino kwambiri, "katswiriyo akufotokoza maganizo ake. - Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuchuluka kwa ma tubers obzala pa hekitala, kuya kwake, momwe mungasinthire kuthirira. Ma nuances onsewa atenga chaka china kapena ziwiri, ndipo pokhapo tingayembekezere kuti ndi chithandizo chanu mitunduyi idzatha kuwonetsa kuthekera komwe woweta adapanga. "
Chaka chamawa, AgroAlliance-NN LLC ikukonzekera kugawa mahekitala 47 kuti azilima zida zopangira tchipisi. Derali lidzakhala ndi mitundu ya VR-808, yomwe ulimi udakhala wabwino kwambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, famuyo idzapitirizabe kupanga mbewu, yomwe imakhalabe yapamwamba kwambiri.
Mwina, famuyo ikukonzekera kuyika mbali ina ya mbatata zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zisungidwe, ndipo iyi ndi ntchito yayikulu. "Kusunga tchipisi ta mbatata ndi nkhani ina; zogulitsazo ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi zoletsa kukula. Mbatata zotere sizingakhale m’chipinda chimodzi ndi mbewu za mbatata, kutanthauza kuti padzafunikanso malo ena osungira,” akutero mkulu wa famuyo, koma ali ndi chikhulupiriro chakuti ndalamazo n’zoyenera, chifukwa zipangizo zomwe zimafika pafakitale m’nyengo yachisanu ndi masika zimakhala. kulandiridwa pamtengo wapamwamba.
"Kupanga mbatata zokonzedwa ndikukhazikika, komwe kukusoweka pamsika masiku ano," akufotokoza mwachidule Dmitry Kabanov. - Ndipo ndikukhumba opanga ulimi kuti apeze bata: kuti azigwira ntchito pamadongosolo enieni ndi mtengo womveka bwino, pamawu abwino. M’pofunika kwambiri kuti zinthu zimene alimi amapeza movutikira ngati zimenezi zikhale zofunika kwambiri, ndiponso kuti alimi azilandira ndalama zambiri n’kumatukuka ndi ndalama zimenezi.”
Alexey Radkov, woyang'anira zaulimi, Frito Lay Manufacturing LLC
- Ntchito yolima mbatata ya chip m'chigawo cha Nizhny Novgorod pamaziko a famu ya AgroAlliance-NN idamalizidwa mu 2023.
Ukadaulo wolima mbatata za tchipisi umaphatikizapo kuchita zinthu zambiri, kuphatikiza kukonza nthaka, kuthirira, kubzala, kuthirira, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoteteza zomera, ndi kukolola. Ngati magawo onsewa atatsatiridwa, pafupifupi zokolola za mbatata zikatumizidwa kuchokera kumunda kwa mitundu yonse ya polojekitiyi zinali 41,6 t/ha, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kunali 52 t/ha. Ziwerengerozi ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa avareji yapadziko lonse pakati pa ogulitsa tchipisi ta mbatata.
Makhalidwe apakati a tchipisi omwe amapezedwa pokonza mitundu yonse analinso pamwamba pa avareji yaku Russia ndipo anali 4,2%.
Mwachidule, titha kunena molimba mtima kuti dera la Nizhny Novgorod ndilobwino kulima mbatata kuti zisinthidwe kukhala tchipisi. Mukungoyenera kutsatira malamulo onse a ntchito. Mapulani a 2024 akuphatikiza kukulitsa malo obzala ndi kutumiza mbatata kuchokera kumunda komanso pambuyo posungira.
Ndikufuna kudziwa kuti mbewuyi imayitanitsa opanga mbatata ena ochokera kudera la Nizhny Novgorod ndi madera ena a Russia kuti agwirizane. The zofunika mankhwala khalidwe ndi mkulu ndithu, koma ndithu zotheka.
Kampaniyo imavomereza mbatata yamitundu yapadera yokhala ndi caliber kuchokera 40 mpaka 90 mm, popanda kuwonongeka kwa makina ndi zolakwika zamkati, zobiriwira, zotsukidwa.
Kupereka kwa zinthu zotsuka kumapindulitsa, choyamba, kwa wolima yekha: mbatata zodetsedwa zimakhala zovuta kuzisintha, koma ngati dothi latsukidwa, vuto la tubers limawonekera kwambiri, ndizosavuta kukana ndikuzipereka. kukonza zipangizo zamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe mabonasi amalipidwa.
Zogulitsa zimaperekedwa ku chomera chaka chonse, ndipo nthawi iliyonse imakhala ndi mtengo wake. Kusungirako mbatata kumachitika motsogozedwa ndi akatswiri athu.
Chomeracho chadzipereka ku mgwirizano wobala zipatso kwa nthawi yayitali ndi ogulitsa zida zopangira zinthu zopindulitsa maphwando onse!
Alexander Sukhov, wamkulu wa dipatimenti ya zaulimi ya NORIKA-SLAVIA LLC
- Kampani yathu idatenga nawo gawo pantchitoyi popereka mbewu zamitundu itatu ya NORIKA yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tchipisi: BONUS, KIBITS ndi PIROLE.
Amadziwika pamsika wakunyumba, ayesedwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana a dzikolo, akuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito abwino, kuphatikiza pazovuta za North-West Russia ndi Siberia (mbatata zamitundu iyi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tchipisi m'mabizinesi awa. zigawo). Zinali zosangalatsa kuwona momwe angasonyezere mikhalidwe yawo m'dera la Nizhny Novgorod, kupikisana ndi mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri yokonzedwa kuchokera kwa obereketsa ena.
M'malingaliro anga, kuyesako kunali kopambana, ngakhale mitundu yathu sinakhale atsogoleri pazokolola. Kupatula apo, zokolola ndi gawo limodzi lokha la mtengo, ndili wotsimikiza kuti alimi onse a mbatata amamvetsetsa bwino izi; sizodabwitsa kuti mafamu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitundu ingapo pamzere wawo wamitundumitundu. Kwa mapurosesa, ndikofunikira osati kuchuluka kwa zokolola zokha, komanso kuthekera kopangira tchipisi tapamwamba, i.e. zinthu zouma, kuchepetsa shuga ndi zizindikiro zina zabwino.
Mitundu ya KIBITS, mwachitsanzo, imadziwika ndi kukhazikika modabwitsa mu shuga nthawi yonse yosungira; ma tubers ndi oyenera kukonzedwa "popanda kutayika kwamtundu wazinthu" mpaka chilimwe chamawa.
Ndikuganiza kuti zingakhale zothandiza kuyesa mitundu yonse mwa kukazinga nthawi zosiyanasiyana: osati kokha mutangokolola, komanso pakapita nthawi, panthawi zosiyanasiyana zosungira mbatata. Izi zipangitsa kuti zitheke kupeza zofunikira kwambiri pa "mutu woyeserera" uliwonse, ndipo kwa ena, zingathandize kupanga mwaluso wonyamula mitundu. Koma ichi ndi chikhumbo chamtsogolo; mawonekedwe apano sanapereke ntchito yotere.
Ndinganene kuti chotsatira chachikulu cha ntchitoyi ndi chakuti famuyo idalandira zokolola zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zidatamandidwa kwambiri ndi kasitomala.
Ndizotheka kuti, kutengera izi, mabizinesi ena mderali asankha njira yodalirika yopangira mbatata kuti azikonza.
Tidzakhala okondwa kupereka malangizo kwa aliyense amene akufuna kuyamba kugwira ntchito ndi mitundu yathu.
Dmitry Dergunov, manejala-ukadaulo wa JSC Firm "August"
-Akatswiri athu apanga dongosolo lachitetezo chokwanira cha polojekitiyi pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochokera ku kampani ya Ogasiti. Poganizira njira yodzitchinjiriza, tidaganizira zovuta zazikulu zomwe alimi a mbatata ku Russia nthawi zambiri amakumana nazo, ndipo, zowonadi, timaganizira zamitundu yomwe imamera (makamaka, podziwa kuti mitundu ya chip imakhudzidwa ndi zotsatira za metribuzin, tidaphatikiza mu dongosolo la herbicide Kamelot, yomwe ili ndi chinthu china chogwira ntchito).
Chiwembucho chinapereka chithandizo chamankhwala 12 (kuphatikiza chithandizo cha ma tubers ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo musanabzalidwe), kwenikweni 11 adachitidwa (mankhwala owonjezera ndi fungicide adawonjezedwa, popeza ntchitoyo idakhazikitsidwa kuti isunge nsongazo kwa nthawi yayitali, pomwe famuyo idapangidwa. anasiya mankhwala awiri ndi desiccants).
M'nyengo yoyesera, sitinalembe zovuta zilizonse (zizindikiro za matenda, kukhalapo kwa tizirombo) m'malo oyesera; famuyo idalandira zokolola zabwino za zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri. Nyengo yotsatira, tikupangira kuti bizinesiyo idalira chiwembu chomwechi (ndi kusintha kochepa kwa akatswiri).
Dmitry Nikiforov, General Director wa Metos LLC
- Kampani ya Metos inalowa nawo ntchitoyi popatsa famu ya AgroAlliance-NN malo owonetsera nyengo kuti ayang'ane momwe madzi akuyendera komanso chinyezi chomwe chilipo m'nthaka.
Tsoka ilo, tinaitanidwa kutengamo mbali mochedwa kwambiri; siteshoni yanyengo pa famuyo inaikidwa kokha pa July 27, ndipo moyenerera zidazo zinayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira May. Mwayi wambiri (mwachitsanzo, powerengera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza moyenera, mikhalidwe yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zoteteza zomera; kuzindikira mikhalidwe yabwino ku matenda) idaphonya.
Komabe, tidatha kumaliza ntchito zina zowunikira.
Kawirikawiri, ndikuganiza kuti ntchito zoterezi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Makampani omwe amapereka ntchito zosiyanasiyana pamsika waulimi ayenera kuyesetsa kuphatikiza zoyeserera. Pamodzi titha kuwonetsa momveka bwino momwe matekinoloje amakono okhala ndi njira yachilengedwe amaloleza mafamu kuti apeze zotsatira zotsimikizika zachuma.