Mbatata ndi imodzi mwazomera zofunika kwambiri ku Uzbekistan. Nthawi yomweyo, ndioyenera kuwunikidwa kuchokera pakukula kwa bizinesi yopindulitsa. Msonkhano "Ukadaulo wokula wa mbatata" womwe unachitikira m'chigawo cha Bustanlik m'chigawo cha Tashkent udadzipereka pamutuwu.
Idapangidwa ndi Unduna wa zaulimi ku Republic of Uzbekistan, Association of Potato Growers ndi AGROVER LLC - mtsogoleri wamsika pakupanga chakudya (tebulo) ndi mbatata zambewu, kusungira ndi kukonza kwathunthu, malipoti a Nuz.uz.
Zenizeni ndikuyembekeza kwakukula kwa mbatata zomwe zikukula ku Uzbekistan
Matani oposa 156 miliyoni a mbatata amapangidwa m'maiko 376,9 apadziko lonse lapansi. Uzbekistan ili pa 23 mmaiko awa. Omwe amapanga kwambiri ndi China, India, Russia, Ukraine, USA, Germany, Bangladesh, Poland, France ndi Netherlands.
Mu 2020, matani 2,9 miliyoni a mbatata adalima ku Uzbekistan m'magulu onse aminda mdziko lonselo, pomwe matani 1,5 miliyoni adagwera m'mafamu ndi mabizinesi olima.
"Mu 2021, akukonzekera kubzala mbatata pamahekitala okwana 86,5, omwe mahekitala 50,7 adzabzalidwa m'malo akuluakulu, mahekitala 3 m'mipata ya minda yamphesa ndi minda yamphesa ndi 32 m'malo achiwiri, mahekitala 8 , - watero mkulu wa dipatimenti yopititsa patsogolo ulimi wamaluwa, viticulture, ulimi wamaluwa ndi kulima mbatata ku Unduna wa Zaulimi Fakhriddin Kirgizboev. - Tikukonzekeranso kulima matani 3,2 miliyoni azogulitsa m'magulu onse am'mafamu (1,5 miliyoni matani - ndi mafamu, mabizinesi olima, matani 1,7 miliyoni ndi mafamu a dekhkan komanso ziwembu zawo). Pofuna kuthana ndi zosowa za mbatata ndikusungabe mitengo m'misika yakunyumba, alimi, ma dekhkan ndi amalonda amapatsidwa chithandizo chokwanira pakubzala mbatata m'malo akulu komanso m'mipata ya minda ya zipatso ndi minda yamphesa. Minda imakhala ndi mbewu zambiri za mbatata zobereketsa. Poganizira nthaka ndi nyengo ya dera lirilonse, chifukwa chodzala koyambirira kwa mbewu za mbatata zosankhidwa bwino ndikukhazikitsa njira za agrotechnical munthawi yake, kukhazikika kwamitengo kumsika kumatheka chifukwa chakukolola komanso kutumiza kwakanthawi koyambirira Kukolola mbatata kumadera akumwera, omwe ali ku Surkhandarya.ndi madera a Kashkadarya. Pokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mbatata, kuyambira Juni ndi madera ena onse, kupezeka kwa mbatata kwakhazikitsidwa m'misika yakunyumba. Kubzala mbatata ngati mochedwa mbewu kumayamba mu Juni m'malo omasulidwa ku tirigu ndi mbewu zina zoyambirira. Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri ochokera kumabizinesi azolimo ndi mabungwe asayansi amakonza semina zasayansi ndi zothandiza pobzala mbatata m'malo obwereza, kuchita njira zaulimi, komanso kuthana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Ntchito yofotokozera imachitika pakusankhidwa kwamitundu mitundu moyenera, njira za agrotechnical zapanthawi yake m'minda, ndipo malingaliro amaperekedwa kutengera nthaka ndi nyengo ya zigawo. "
Mfundo State m'munda wa mbatata kukula
Pakadali pano, chidwi chachikulu chimaperekedwa pakupanga mbatata ku Uzbekistan. M'magawo aboma, maudindo osiyanasiyana akukonzedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi wochulukirapo ndikuwongolera kusintha kwa mafakitale ndikukwaniritsa zofuna za mbatata. Boma limathandizanso pakukula kwa mbewu za mbatata, kukhazikitsidwa kwa makina osungira ndikuwongolera mozama, zomwe zimalola kupanga unyolo wowonjezera.
Pa Meyi 6, 2020, Chisankho cha Purezidenti wa Republic of Uzbekistan (No.PP-4704) chidakhazikitsidwa, cholinga chake ndikuchulukitsa kupanga kwa ogula (tebulo) ndi mbatata zambewu ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira za mbatata pamsika wanyumba ya republic, kukulitsa masango ndi njira zogwirira ntchito, kuyambitsa matekinoloje amakono m'munda wokula mbatata. Malinga ndi Chisankho ichi, zigawo 40 zikuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga mbatata, makamaka zigawo 23 za mbatata, ndi zigawo 9 zogwiritsa ntchito mbatata zobereketsa.
M'madera awa, masango 8 olima mbatata apangidwa, omwe adapatsidwa mahekitala 2 a nthaka yolimitsa mbewu ndi mbatata za ogula, ndipo kulima mbewu za mbatata zobereka kwambiri kwakhazikitsidwa.
Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi agro-mafakitale olima mbatata yolima Agrover, yopangidwa mdera la Tashkent, lomwe limapereka mndandanda wonse wa mbatata kuchokera ku mbewu mpaka kukonzanso kwakukulu. Tsango limagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amakono ndi zida kuti zithandizire pakupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera ndi moyenera malo ndi madzi.
"Chifukwa chokhazikitsa njira yothirira ndi makina pamakina mahekitala 700 mu 2019-2020, zinali zotheka kupeza matani 40-45 azinthu pa hekitala iliyonse," akutero a Farkhod Takhirov, director of the Agrover Agro -Makampani Ogulitsa a Mbatata. - Poganizira kuti mbatata zimafunikira kusungidwa ndi momwe zinthu zimasungidwira, chidwi chachikulu pakupanga masango chimaperekedwa pakupanga makina osungira mbatata ndi mbewu m'mabogi amakono afriji. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo ogulitsira mafakitale m'dera la Bustanlik kunapangitsa kuti gulu lathu liziwonjezera mphamvu yosungira mbatata munthawi yomweyo mpaka matani zikwi 50, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zakukonzekera koyambirira (kusanja, kuwerengera ndi kupaka) mpaka 100 matani paola. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti muchepetse kuchepa kwa mbatata ndikuchepetsa, komanso kupereka zinthu zabwino kwambiri kuchokera kumunda kupita kwa ogula. "
Bungwe la Bustanlik Potato Center (LLC JV "Bustanlik potatochilik markazi"), lomwe limaphatikizidwa mgulu latsopanoli, lakhazikitsa kulima mbatata zambewu zobzala kwambiri m'minda yapadera. Kupanga kwa mbatata kwa mbewu pafupifupi matani zikwi makumi awiri.
Sayansi ndi ukadaulo pakupanga mbatata
Dzikoli likukhazikitsa njira zomwe zimalimbikitsa kubzala mbatata zathanzi. Chifukwa chake, malo opangira ma vitro adapangidwa mdera la Tashkent, Samarkand, Namangan ndi Kashkadarya, komwe kwakhazikitsidwa mbewu za mbatata.
Uzbek-Hungarian Potato Center, yomwe ndi ntchito yayikulu yopanga mitundu ya mbatata yosagonjetsedwa, idatsegulidwa mu 2021 mu woyendetsa ndege AKIS Center for Agricultural Knowledge, Innovation and Services, yopangidwa ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi wa Republic of Uzbekistan ndi thandizo la European Union ndi World Bank ngati gawo lakukhazikitsa njira za Development Strategy zaulimi wa Republic of Uzbekistan mpaka 2030 ”.
"Masiku ano, mabungwe ofufuza zinthu mdziko muno akugwira ntchito yokhazikitsa njira zamakono zolimila ndi kutengera ukadaulo, mwachitsanzo, amapanga mitundu ya mbatata yomwe ikukhwima msanga, yapakatikati komanso yakucha mochedwa kuti igwirizane ndi nthaka komanso nyengo," adatsimikiza katswiri wamkulu a dipatimenti yazomera zamasamba ndi mavwende ndi mbatata, dipatimenti yachitukuko ya ulimi wamaluwa, viticulture, ulimi wamaluwa ndi kulima mbatata ku Unduna wa zaulimi Teshaboev Bakhodir. - Amapereka chidwi chachikulu pakulimbana ndi matenda, kutentha ndi chilala. State Register of Agricultural Crops imaphatikizapo mitundu 131 yatsopano ya mbatata yolimbikitsidwa kubzala kudera la Republic of Uzbekistan, pomwe mitundu 19 idapangidwa ndi mabungwe ofufuza zakomweko. Kafukufuku wanthawi yayitali wa asayansi komanso mgwirizano wawo ndi akatswiri am'deralo komanso akunja kumabweretsa kupambana pakasayansi. "
Malinga ndi Lamulo la Purezidenti wa Republic of Uzbekistan lolemba pa February 26, 2021 No. PP-5009, pulogalamu yapangidwa kuti ikonzekere kupanga mbewu zoyambirira za mbatata, pamodzi ndi ndiwo zamasamba, mavwende ndi magulu ku Bustonlyk, Bulungur, Yangikurgan, Andijan, Altyaryk, Muzrobod, zigawo za Mirzaobod. "Fund yothandizira ndalama pakufufuza kwasayansi komanso zopanga zatsopano, chitukuko cha mitundu yoswana ya mbatata ndi mbewu za mbatata" idapangidwa ku Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable and Melon Crops and Potato.
Mitundu yatsopano ya mbatata ikupangidwa mogwirizana ndi World Potato Center (CIP), ndipo chidwi chenicheni chimaperekedwa pakukula kwa mbatata kuchokera ku mbewu za botanical. Pofuna kuphunzira zomwe mayiko ena akuchita, maphunziro ndi maphunziro apamwamba a asayansi ndi akatswiri m'maiko akunja, kusinthanitsa zokumana nazo ndikugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje opanga popanga amaperekedwa.