KUCHOKERA MBATA, MONGA HEROINE WA AKALESS SOVIET FILM AKUWERENGEDWA, MUNGAKONZE ZAMBIRI ZAMBIRI KHUMI ZOsiyana siyana. NDIPO MALANGIZO A KACHIDWE KA MA INDUSTRIAL NAWO NDIPONSO KWAMBIRI. PANTHAWI IMENEYI KUPANGA ZINTHU ZINTHU ZINA ZOPHUNZITSA M'ZAKA ZATSOPANO KUKUCHULUKA CHONCHO, NDIPO ZOPHUNZITSA ENA ZIKHALA PAMENEYI, POSAKHALA KUFUNIKA KWAMBIRI.
ZOTI BWINO KWA PRODUCT MU Msika ZIMADALIRA, KODI MAVUTO AMAONA BWANJI, MITU YA NTCHITO YA NTCHITO NDI WOYENERA M'BUNGWE LA INDUSTRY, AMENE AKAMBIRIDWA MU PATATO UNION WEBINAR.
WOWIRITSA. KUKULA KUFUNA ZINTHU ZINA ZOTHANDIZA
Wowuma wa mbatata ndi chinthu chomwe Russia chakhala chikupanga kwazaka zambiri m'magawo ang'onoang'ono kuposa momwe amadyera. Malinga ndi Soyuzkrakhmal Association of Deep Grain Processing Enterprises, mbewu zapakhomo pachaka zimatulutsa pafupifupi matani 11 a wowuma wa mbatata, pomwe msika wapakhomo ndi pafupifupi matani 30-32.
Pofotokoza momwe zikuyendera panopa, pulezidenti wa bungweli, Oleg Radin, akunena kuti pakali pano pali mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono opangira mbatata ku Russia, kuphatikizapo: Chuvashyonkrakhmal LLC; Mglinsky Starch Plant LLC, Poretsky Starch OJSC, Syryatinsky Starch Plant LLC, SPPK Udacha, Pleshcheevsky Starch Plant JSC, Starch Products JSC (Shablykinsky Starch Plant).
Vuto lalikulu lomwe likulepheretsa chitukuko chawo ndi kusowa kwa zopangira zopindulitsa m'dzikoli. Monga momwe Oleg Radin amanenera, mabizinesi aku Russia amakakamizika kupanga wowuma kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe alimi sakanatha kugulitsa m'masitolo (makamaka, kuchokera ku zinyalala). Pafupifupi, matani khumi a mbatata amasinthidwa kukhala tani imodzi ya wowuma.
Mtsogoleri wa All-Russian Research Institute of Starch and Processing of Starch-Containing Raw Materials, nthambi ya Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center for Potato yotchedwa A.I. A.G. Lorch "Vasily Byzov. Nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi katswiri, pali zaka zomwe mabizinesi amakumana ndi kuchepa kwa zinthu zamtunduwu (chitsanzo chomveka bwino: nyengo ya 21/22). Kuphatikiza apo, mapurosesa amawononga ndalama zambiri zogulira zopangira, zomwe zimakhudza phindu la kupanga. Mtengo wapakati wa mbatata zaku Russia, malinga ndi katswiri, ndi 22% kuposa mayiko a EU.
"Kugwira ntchito bwino kwaukadaulo wopangira mbatata za wowuma kumatsimikiziridwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma tubers okhala ndi wowuma osachepera 19% (pamenepa, matani opitilira asanu amafunikira kuti apange tani imodzi ya wowuma), - akufotokoza Vasily Byzov, - ndipo malo opangira zinthuzo ayenera kukhala pafupi ndi malo opangira zinthu, malinga ndi kuwerengera kwathu, mkati mwa 50 km. "
Akatswiri amavomereza kuti ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa mitundu yaukadaulo ya mbatata mdziko muno, ngakhale izi sizingakhale zophweka. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe sizinathe kuthetsedwa, imodzi mwazo ndi kusowa kwa mitundu yaku Russia yokhala ndi wowuma wambiri, obereketsa ndi olima mbewu akuyenerabe kuthana ndi vutoli.
Ndikofunikiranso kudzutsa chidwi cha alimi a mbatata pakukula kwapamwamba kwambiri zopangira pokonza.
"M'maiko aku Europe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito yolima ndikusunga ma tubers, mfundo zotsatirazi zakhazikitsidwa kuti zilimbikitse kupanga wowuma wa mbatata., - Vasily Byzov amagawana zambiri, - olima mbatata (alimi, ma cooperatives) ndi eni ake a malo opangirako ndipo ali ndi chidwi ndi ndalama pakugulitsa komaliza - wowuma ndi zotuluka zake; makampani akonza ntchito za agronomic zomwe zimapatsa opanga mbewu ndi malingaliro oti azilima. Phindu la kupanga wowuma limatheka pochepetsa mtengo wolima mbatata ndi zokolola zambiri komanso wowuma wambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, kudya kwa mbatata pa tani 1 ya wowuma kumachepetsedwa mpaka matani 4,5 ndipo, chifukwa chake, mtengo wake wamagetsi umachepetsedwa.
Ku Russia, pali zitsanzo pomwe alimi amalima mitundu yaukadaulo ya mbatata poyitanitsa chomera chowuma, koma mpaka pano tikukamba za kuchuluka kochepa. Zinthu zitha kusinthidwa ndikuwoneka kwa purosesa yayikulu pamsika.
«Osachepera bizinesi imodzi yayikulu yamakono yopanga mbatata yaku Russia ikufunika, - akuti Oleg Radin, - ikuyenera kukonza matani pafupifupi 100 mpaka 120 a mbatata ya m’mafakitale, kupeza wowuma wapamwamba kwambiri, m’malo mwa zinthu zochokera kunja ndipo, mwina, kutumiza zinthu zokagulitsa kunja.”
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa bizinesi yatsopano kumathanso kuthetsa vuto la kupanga masitapi osinthidwa omwe amafunidwa kwambiri. “Chiŵerengero chachikulu cha zakudya zosinthidwa chimatumizidwa ku Russia chaka chilichonse, chamtengo wapatali kuposa $100 miliyoni, - akufotokoza Purezidenti wa Association "Soyuzkrakhmal", - m'mbuyomu zinali zopangidwa ndi opanga akuluakulu aku Europe, tsopano msika wayamba kukonzanso ku China, Vietnam, Thailand. Ku Russia, zosintha zazakudya zimapangidwa ndi mabizinesi awiri okha, ndipo izi ndi matani 20 okha a matani 94 ofunikira pamakampani athu. Pakufunidwa kwa zinthuzi, koma zopangira zimafunika kuti zipangidwe, ndipo mwina ndi mitundu ya chimanga ya waxy, yomwe ifenso tilibe, kapena mitundu ya mbatata yaukadaulo. ”
TCHIPISI CHA BATALA. MALANGIZO OTUMIKIRA KWA NTCHITO
Pazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zogwira ntchito, wopanga wamkulu kwambiri wamafiriji oziziritsa ku France ku Russia, Vee Fry LLC, wapeza chidziwitso chambiri pakupanga zinthu zopangira.
Ife Fray
Kampaniyo ili m'chigawo cha Lipetsk. Mphamvu yopanga - matani 240 a mbatata pachaka. Amapanga zokazinga zokwana 3,5 miliyoni tsiku lililonse.
Chaka chatha, zida zopangira mbewuzo zidakulitsidwa kudera la mahekitala 7, mchaka chatsopano ma voliyumu adakula ndi mahekitala ena 2.
«Timagwira ntchito ndi alimi pansi pa makontrakitala awiri, - akufotokoza mtsogoleri wa chitukuko cha bizinesi SERGEY Marchenko, - choyamba timagulitsa kwa alimi
mbewu zamitundu yapadera (85% yake ndi Innovator), malinga ndi yachiwiri - timagula mbewu yonse kwa iwo munthawi yokhazikika pamtengo wokhazikika. Alimi amalipira mbewu akakolola.
Kampaniyo idakwanitsa kuchita bwino kwambiri pankhani yopereka mbewu. "Kumayambiriro kwa ntchitoyi, tinaitanitsa matani masauzande a mbewu kuchokera kunja, - akukumbukira Sergey Marchenko, chaka chino adagula matani 100 okha, ndiyeno tikukamba za mitundu yatsopano yokha. Cholinga chathu - dziwani zonse zomwe zingatisangalatse".
Bizinesiyo ilinso okonzeka kugwira ntchito ndi mitundu yaku Russia yomwe ili ndi zofunikira. Chokhacho chokha ndicho kuperekedwa kwa batchi yoyeserera. "Timatenga 30 kg, mwachangu, pendani zotsatira zake, - ndemanga Mtsogoleri Wachitukuko wa Vee Fry LLC, - ngati munakonda chirichonse, mbatata si
kutembenuka kwakuda, timayendetsa pamzere wonse (izi zimafuna matani 40 kale). Timapeza mankhwala abwino, tikhoza kupitiriza kugwira ntchito".
Poganizira za chiyembekezo chopanga ma fries ozizira a ku France, Sergey Marchenko akugogomezera kuti pakufunika pamsika kuti awonjezere kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe amadya. Chifukwa chake, maunyolo atsopano aku Russia akusala kudya adalengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo odyera 70-100 pachaka. Poyankha, kampaniyo ikukonzekera kukhazikitsa mzere wachiwiri wopangira. Koma m'zaka zikubwerazi, Russia ikuyembekezekanso kutsegula mabizinesi angapo atsopano a mbiriyi nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chiwopsezo cha kuchulukitsa.
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Mapurosesa tsopano akuyenera kuganizira za kutumiza kunja. "Nkhani zogulitsa - ndi vuto la dziko lonse, - Sergey Marchenko akutsimikiza, - kuti opanga mbatata asavutike, ndikofunikira kukonzekera pasadakhale mikhalidwe yomwe imatsimikizira kuthekera kobweretsa bwino kumisika yakunja. Tikuyembekezera thandizo la boma pankhaniyi.
MBATA FLAKES. KUGWIRA NTCHITO PAMsika Wovuta
Olima mbatata amalumikizanso tsogolo la gawo lawo ndi chitukuko cha kuthekera kwa kutumiza kunja.
Malinga ndi Alexandra Ponomarenko, Executive Director wa Maxim Gorky Plus LLC, msika wapakhomo udaperekedwa kwathunthu ndi mtundu wamtunduwu mu 2019. Makampani opanga makina adayesa kuyang'ana ogula kunja, ngakhale izi zakhala zovuta kuchita.
"Maxim Gorky Plus" LLC
Kuchuluka kwapachaka kwabizinesi pakadali pano ndi matani 29 azinthu zomalizidwa. Imakonza mpaka matani 200 zikwi za mbatata pa nyengo. Amakhala 50% ya msika wapakhomo. Mphamvu zopangira zimalola kubisa mpaka 80% ya msika wonse wa phala.
«Makasitomala akunja ndi osamala kwambiri pazogulitsa zaku Russia, ndipo tikuyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri kuti tipeze zofunikira, kuvomereza kwake, kuyesa., - Alexander Ponomarenko akugawana zomwe adakumana nazo, - kuyambira pomwe muyamba kucheza ndi kasitomala mpaka chidebe choyamba chitsitsidwa, zitha kutenga chaka. ”
Mu 2021, opanga ma flakes a mbatata adakakamizika kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotumizira kunja, izi zidachitika chifukwa chakuchepa kwambiri kwazinthu zopangira komanso kukwera kwamitengo yake. "Mu nyengo ya 21/22, mtengo wa mbatata zogulidwa udaposa mtengo wapachaka ndi kanayi, ndi kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kuchepa kwa ma processor athunthu, - akutero mkulu wa Maxim Gorky Plus LLC, - izi zidapangitsa kuti mtengo wa mbatata ku Russia ukwere mpaka ma ruble 180 / kg popanda VAT ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuchepa kwa kufunikira kwa zinthu.".
Kumayambiriro kwa 2022, zinthu zakunja zidasefukira pamsika waku Russia. "M'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira ya 2022, makampani aku Europe adalowa m'derali
Russia osachepera matani 5 a mbatata ya mbatata (yomwe ndi yokwera kuposa kuchuluka kwapachaka)- akupitiriza Alexandra Ponomarenko, - mtengo wapakati wa chinthu chochokera kunja unali pafupifupi 115 rubles/kg popanda VAT. Kutsika kotereku kudakhudzidwanso ndi kusinthasintha kwa ndalama (kuchokera ku ma ruble 87 mpaka ma ruble 62 pa yuro imodzi munthawi yomwe ikuwunikira). Nthawi yomweyo, mtengo wambewu zapakhomo udafika ma ruble 1 pa kilogalamu imodzi, ndipo opanga m'nyumba adakumana ndi zovuta zazikulu pakugulitsa zinthu zawo.".
Zotsatira za nyengo imeneyo zimamveka ndi opanga chaka chotsatira. Malinga ndi wokamba nkhaniyo, kampaniyo sinathebe kubwerera ku mphamvu zamagetsi
kugulitsidwa m'dzikoli, komanso katundu wopangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zodula amakhalabe m'nyumba zosungiramo katundu. Kampaniyo imatsata mfundo zolowa m'malo, kuyesa kulinganiza pakati pa kusunga mtengo wovomerezeka ndi zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri.
"Lero, osewera atsopano akupitilizabe kulowa mumsika, chifukwa vuto lakubwezeretsanso ndilofunika kwambiri, - mwachidule Alexandra Ponomarenko, - koma mfundo yoti mbatata ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga dzinthu, yomwe ndi chisoni kuitaya, yachikale kale. Iyi ndi bizinesi yovuta, tili ndi mavuto pakugulitsa zinthu, tikuyang'ana njira zoyendetsera zogulitsa kunja ndi kunja, koma mpaka pano tikuyenera kuthana ndi zovuta tokha.".
MBATA WOWIRITSA (CHIPS). PANGANI PA FIELD
General Director wa Ozery JSC SERGEY Pryamov anayamba kulankhula ndi mfundo yochititsa chidwi: chaka chilichonse mabizinesi a m'chigawo cha Moscow akupanga matani 471 a zipangizo zopangira mbatata. Mwa voliyumu yonseyi, matani 25 okha ndi omwe amakula m'derali (5,3% ya zosowa!), Zina zonse zimatumizidwa kuchokera kunja. Mwina, kwa alimi ena a dera la Moscow, izi zidzakhala chifukwa choganizira.
JSC "Ozyory"
Wopanga kwambiri mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba m'chigawo cha Moscow. Ali ndi mzere kupanga crispy mbatata, umapanga mankhwala pansi
mwini TM "Barin".
Powonetsa masomphenya ake azomwe zikuchitika pakukula kwa gawo lopangira mbatata, Sergey Pryamov adanenanso kuti posachedwa makampani ambiri okonza mbatata adzataya mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono.
"Tikuyembekeza kuti bizinesi ya mbatata ikukula chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa matekinoloje atsopano, - Sergey Pryamov akufotokoza, - Tsopano pamsika pali mitundu yambiri ya zowotcha zofufutira za ku China ndi ku Turkey, ndipo bizinesi iliyonse ya tchipisi ta mbatata imatha kugula kachingwe kakang'ono ndikupanga zokometsera zakomweko osachoka m'munda. ”
Malinga ndi katswiri, kukonza vacuum kumapereka mwayi wochepetsera kutentha ndi nthawi yokazinga, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, kukulitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana (kulawa), ndiko kuti, kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza chinthu chosangalatsa chapamwamba komanso phindu labwino. .