Ponena za milungu ya mbatata ndi oyang'anira ake a PR, za momwe adatengera masamba akunja ku Europe komanso momwe alonda okhala ndi zida adathandizira kufalikira kwa chomera ichi, werengani rubric "History of Science".
Mbatata yomwe timazidziwa kale imachokera ku Andes waku South America, kumene idalimidwa zaka pafupifupi 8000 zapitazo. Munthawi imeneyi, alimi am'deralo adabzala mitundu 200 ya mbewu, yambiri yomwe imakhala ndi mtundu wowala kapena mawonekedwe abwinobwino, ndipo idatetezedwa ku matenda, tizilombo ndi chisanu.
Kwa anthu aku Andean, mbatata, zomwe zimatha kumera m'malo ovuta mapiri ndikusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali ngati vuto la mbewu (kuyanika kapena kuzizira), zinali zofunika kwambiri. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti adakhalanso ndi mulungu wake ku Inca pantheon - Aksomama, m'modzi mwa ana aakazi a mulungu wamkazi wapadziko lapansi, Pachamama.
Kufotokozera kwa mbatata ndi mbewu zina zomwe amwenye amagwiritsa ntchito Amwenye amapezeka pakati pa anthu ena aku Spain - ena mwa iwo omwe samachita nawo zankhondo zokha, komanso pakuphunzira moyo wa nzika zam'deralo. Zolemba zoterezi zidasiyidwa ndi a Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada, wolamulira wa New Grenada (Colombia), komanso wofanizira wina wa Don Quixote, wansembe komanso wolemba ndakatulo Juan de Castellanos, yemwe adaphunzira anthu aku South America ndipo adalongosola mbatata mu ndakatulo yake yokhudza kugonjetsedwa kwa dera la Colombia ndi Venezuela.
Mafotokozedwe odziwika bwino a mtengowu anapangidwa ndi Pedro Cieza de Leon, wofufuza ku South America yemwe adafotokoza mbiri yakagonjetsedwe kake. Iyenso adatenga nawo mbali pamisonkhanoyi, atadutsa ndi zigonjetso za gawo la maiko angapo. Kuphatikiza apo mbatata, adanenanso za avocados ndi chinanazi, alpacas, anacondas, sloths ndi mwina. Adawona ma geoglyphs aku Nazca, milatho yoyimitsidwa ndi zizindikiro pa Misewu ya Inca. Gawo loyamba la ntchito yake yofunika kwambiri, The Chronicle of Peru, lidasindikizidwa ku Seville mu 1553, ena onse kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX. De Leon amadziwika kuti ndiye woyamba kubweretsa mbatata ku Europe.
Komabe, kungopereka ma tubers ku kontinentiyo sikunali kokwanira. Ngati mbewuyo idayanjanitsidwanso ndi nyengo yotentha (idakulitsidwa m'mapiri, ndipo kugwa koyambirira sikunali vuto lalikulu), ndiye kuti nthawi yayitali kwambiri ya chilimwe yotsitsa zipatso za mbatata. Palibe mgwirizano uliwonse pothana ndi vutoli. Mwina mtundu wololera wautali wa masiku adawonekera pakufalitsa mbatata ndi mbewu. Kumbali inayi, ngalawa imangobweretsa mbatata zamtundu wina - kuchokera kumwera kwa Chile.
Kutuluka kwa mbatata ku England ndi Ireland, m'mbiri yomwe idagwira ntchito yovuta, kumalumikizidwa ndi dzina la katswiri wamasamu waku Britain, wasayansi ya zakuthambo komanso womasulira Thomas Harriott. Adapita ku North America, adaphunzira chilankhulo cha m'modzi mwa mafuko am'deralo, miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake Galileo adalemba mwezi momwe amauwona kudzera pa telesikopu, yolumikizana ndi a Johannes Kepler ndikuwonetsa zisonyezo zamasamu <ndi> kutanthauza malingaliro " zochepa "ndi" zambiri ". Mbatata zomwe adabwera nazo zidayamba ku Ireland, komwe adapereka zokolola zabwino ndikukhala othandizira anthu osauka mdzikolo. Koma kuti gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu aku Ireland amadalira mbatata ngati imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zopezera chakudya zidasokonekera (Harriot sakanatha kuziwoneratu): matenda amodzi am'mimba - vuto lowachedwa chifukwa cha tizilombo tating'ono - adakwiyitsa "Njala Yaikuru", yomwe , malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, adatengedwa kuchokera ku 20% mpaka 25% ya anthu mdzikolo. Anthu enanso 1,5 miliyoni achoka mdziko muno kwamuyaya.
Komabe, ambiri, ku Europe, mbatata sizinatengedwe mwachangu, ndipo nthawi yayitali idadutsa kale kuti anthu ake asamayamikire ndikuthanso komanso zopatsa thanzi za mtengowo. Amphawi, Tchalitchi, ndi ma Slavophiles ena ku Russia adatsutsa masamba osadziwika. Kupanda chidziwitso kudasokonekeranso: mbatata idalakwika chifukwa cha chomera chokongoletsera, adayesa kudya zipatso zake zakupweteka (zipatso zobiriwira zakuda zomwe zimawoneka ngati tomato yaying'ono).
Koma alimi posakhalitsa adazindikira zabwino zosiyanasiyana za mbatata. Mwachitsanzo, samatengedwa kawirikawiri ndikudutsa magulu ankhondo a adani poyerekeza ndi mbewu zambewu, ndipo imakhalabe chakudya chodalirika m'zaka zozizira, pomwe mbewu zodziwika sizimakolola zochepa. Eni malowo ankakonda kuti ngakhale sizinali zosavuta kusunga monga tirigu, sizinkafunika mphero za ufa. Mu 1600, katswiri wazachuma waku France Olivier de Serre anayerekezera kukoma kwa mbatata ndi truffle. Komabe, chiyambi cha mawu oti "mbatata" chimachokera ku Chijeremani Tartuffel ndi Chitaliyana truffle - truffle.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi za mbatata zidatsimikiziridwa ndi asayansi monga Antoine Parmantier - wolemba zaumisiri wopeza shuga kuchokera ku beets komanso wopanga ntchito yodziteteza ku nthomba. Pambuyo pa ukapolo wa Prussian, komwe adayenera kudya mbatata, adayamba kulimbikitsa izi zamasamba, akuwonetsa zozizwitsa zanzeru. Anapanga maluwa okongola a mbatata kwa anthu olemekezeka (Marie Antoinette amavala chipewa chotere), adakopa anthu otchuka (mwachitsanzo, Benjamin Franklin kapena Antoine Lavoisier) ku "kutsatsa", komanso chidziwitso chake cha umunthu (kuwonetsa kuti anali ndi zida koma osati kulondera kwambiri).
Masiku ano, mbatata ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri, kudutsa chinangwa ndi mbatata wokongola kwambiri potengera kulemera kwa mbewu zomwe zalimidwa padziko lonse lapansi. China idakali mtsogoleri, kutsatiridwa ndi India ndi Russia. Chifukwa chake chomera chomwe chimatumizidwa kuchokera ku South America, chimazika kumbali ina ya dziko lapansi ndipo chimadyetsa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri nthawi zonse.
Source: https://indicator.ru