Physiological zaka ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri pakupanga mbatata. Zimatsimikizira nthawi yomwe masambawo adzaphukira komanso kuchuluka kwa mphukira zomwe zidzatulukire kuchokera mwa iwo. Izi zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa zimayambira ndi kukula kwa masamba, kukula kwa tuber, zokolola za tuber ndi kukula kwa tuber. Mbewu zakale sizikhala ndi mphukira imodzi yokha, koma zingapo.
M'badwo wanthawi ndi kuchuluka kwa masiku kuyambira pomwe tuber idapangidwa. Zaka za thupi zimatanthawuza zaka zamkati za tuber chifukwa zimakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwachilengedwe.
Mofanana ndi zaka za nthawi, zaka za thupi zimasintha pakapita nthawi. Koma zimakhudzidwanso ndi ma genetic (monga mikhalidwe yamitundu yosiyanasiyana) komanso zovuta zachilengedwe.
Mfundo zomwezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira ukalamba mwa anthu. Anthu ena amaoneka aang’ono—kapena akulu—kuposa mmene alili. Genetics imayang'anira momwe timakalamba, koma zosankha za moyo zimakhalanso zofunika.
Zomera zimapuma kuti zitulutse mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira kuti maselo awo azigwira ntchito - zowuma ndi shuga zimadyedwa kuti apange mphamvu.
Zomera zikakhala ndi nkhawa, zimapuma kwambiri. Zinthu zilizonse zomwe zimawonjezera kupuma zimathandizira kukalamba kwa ma tubers (kutentha kwambiri, kusowa kwa chinyezi, kusowa kwa michere, kuwononga tizilombo komanso kuwonongeka kwa makina panthawi yokolola). Kupsinjika komwe kumachitika nthawi iliyonse m'moyo wa tuber kumatha kukulitsa ukalamba wake; koma kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuti mikhalidwe yakukula imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pa msinkhu wa thupi kusiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pokolola.
Physiologically, wamng'ono tuber yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa lalikulu Mphukira, amene suppresses kumera ena masamba pa tuber.
Chodabwitsa ichi muzomera chimatchedwa apical dominance, kusintha komwe kumalimbikitsa kukula m'mwamba osati nthambi. Mu ma tubers a mbatata, chotsatira chake ndi chomera chokhala ndi tsinde zochepa komanso zazing'ono koma zazikulu.
Achikulire mbewu tubers yodziwika ndi kutaya apical ulamuliro. Amapereka mphukira zingapo zomwe zimawoneka kale. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zimayambira ndi ma tubers ambiri, koma kukula kwa tubers ndi kochepa.
Ma tubers akale amakonda kutulutsa masamba ochepa ndipo amakhwima msanga kuposa ang'onoang'ono.
Kubzala mbewu zakale kungathandize kwambiri pakukula kwamitundu yomwe imakonda kupanga ma tubers okulirapo, monga 'Yukon Gold' kapena 'Shepody'.
Mbeu zazing'ono zimamera pang'onopang'ono, koma zimabala chomera champhamvu chokhala ndi nthawi yayitali yotupa komanso kukhwima.
Koma alimi akuyenera kuyang'anitsitsa zokolola kumapeto kwa nyengo ndikuchotsa nthawi yake kuti achepetse kupanga ma tubers okulirapo.
Kuphatikiza kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni kumatha kuchepetsa pang'ono zotsatira za ukalamba ndikuchedwetsa kuyambika kwake. Nayitrogeni ingathandize kutsanzira makhalidwe a ma tubers aang'ono chifukwa amakhudza kwambiri mahomoni a zomera omwe amayendetsa ukalamba. Koma pali ngozi yoti mbewuyo iyambe kumera msanga ngati mbeuyo yatsindikitsidwa kapena nayitrogeni yachepetsedwa msanga.
Ngati njere zanu zili zazing'ono ndipo mukuda nkhawa kuti mapesi achepa kwambiri, mutha kukweza kutentha kosungirako kuti mbeuyo ikalamba kapena kuchedwetsa kubzala.
Ngati mbeu zanu ndi zachikale ndipo zitulutsa matsinde ambiri, muyenera kusunga malo abwino kuti muchepetse kukalamba komanso kubzala mbeu zikangololera.
Olima ena amafotokoza bwino kuchepetsa tsinde ndi Rejuvenate (Amvac), mankhwala ochizira mbewu omwe ali ndi timadzi tambiri tomwe timathandizira kubwezeretsa kulamulira kwa apical. Zotsatira zimatha kusiyanasiyana ndi zina.
Njira yothandiza kwambiri yowunika zaka zakubadwa kwa ma tubers osungidwa ndikusonkhanitsa zitsanzo ndikuwona momwe zimamera zikamera.
Chitsanzocho chiyenera kukhala chachikulu mokwanira kuti chiwonetse kusiyana pakati pa mbeu.
Kutatsala milungu ingapo tsiku loti mubzale lisanafike, dulani machubu ambewu mzidutswa (ngati mubzala njere zodulidwa) kenako ikani m'matumba a mauna kapena mubzale m'nthaka. Taonani mmene zimamera mofulumira ndiponso mmene zimaphukira zingati.