Manyazi ozungulira mlimi yemwe adaganiza zothira feteleza m'minda yake ndi feteleza posachedwa zidabuka m'dera la Sverdlovsk.
Andrey Savchenko, yemwe anayambitsa imodzi mwamafamu akale kwambiri m'derali, akuimbidwa mlandu wa "kupululutsa ntchentche" kwa anthu akumaloko: feteleza atanunkha atabwera kuchokera kumodzi mwa minda ya nkhuku, midzi yoyandikira idagwidwa ndi mitambo ya tizilombo. Zochita za mlimi tsopano zikuyang'aniridwa ndi ofesi ya woimira milandu, Rosselkhoznadzor, Rospotrebnadzor komanso komiti yofufuza.
SiSchenko wokhawo: mpaka alimi khumi ndi awiri a Ural omwe adachita ngozi kuti agwiritse ntchito minda yawo kuti achulukitse chonde chawo adagwera pensulo kwa akuluakulu oyang'anira chaka chatha zachilengedwe kutengera ndowe za mbalame. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa zolipiritsa zomwe amayandikira zikuyandikira chiwonetsero cha zakuthambo kwaopanga zazing'ono - 70 biliyoni. Alimi akuti: popeza kuwonongeka kwa ziweto ndi nkhuku kunadziwika ngati zinthu zowopsa ndipo zimawerengedwa kuti ndi mafuta owopsa a dizilo ndi phosphates, zakhala zowopsa ngakhale chibwibwi chifukwa cha feteleza wakale wakale.
Ntchentche imadziwa
- Ndipo chaka sichidakhalitse, pomwe kuyendera kunayamba, - Andrey Savchenko anena mokwiya chifukwa cha zomwe akuchita.
Alimi akhala akuwerengera kuyambira kugwa kwa chaka chatha, pomwe adabweretsa feteleza kuchokera ku famu ya nkhuku. Makamaka, gawo lapansi louma, lomwe lidutsa kale, malinga ndi miyezo yaukhondo, kukonza - kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuti mukhale feteleza wathunthu, mankhwalawo, osakanizidwa ndi udzu, amagona m'mphepete mwamunda m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo nthawi yachilimwe idalimidwa pansi. Teknolojiyi, ngakhale ndiyosavuta, yayesedwa kwazaka zambiri. Nthawi ino yokha adalephera - ntchentche zidabadwira m'nthaka. Ndipo adawulukira kumudzi wapafupi wa Lazorevy.
- Ndikuganiza kuti ndimalakwitsa powerengera. Ndi kasupe wofunda sindinaganize, ndinali nditachedwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri ndikulima - ntchentche zinayamba kukwera, - Savchenko akufufuza zolakwa zake.
Tidafika kubwalo lankhondo pomwe mzere wa oyang'anira udadutsa kale apa. Munda udalimidwa, dera lomwe lili m'mbali mwa misewu limathandizidwa ndi mankhwala. Misewu ya m'misewu inkawoneka yakuda chifukwa cha tizilombo tomwe tagwa, komabe panali ntchentche zambiri zomwe zinali kulira mozungulira. “Inde, ndimawadziwa onse powawona! Kodi mudzi wopanda ntchentche ndi chiyani? " - Savchenko nthabwala. Sankafuna kunena zomwe zidachitika, koma anali wokonzeka kuwonetsa fosholo yonse, yomwe adakumba munda wake woyamba mu 1992, komanso kukula kwachuma chomwe chilipo - mahekitala 500 a minda.
- Dziko lapansi likufunika kukonzanso. Amakhala osawuka chifukwa chakuzunza kwambiri. Mukapeza matani 30-35 a mbatata pa hekitala, umagwirira yekhayo sangagwire ntchito pothetsa zovuta zonse za michere. Nthaka imafuna zinthu zakuthupi, nsikidzi, mphutsi, chilichonse chomwe chimabwezeretsa gawo lachonde. Ndiyenera kuwonjezera matani asanu ndi limodzi azinthu zofunikira pa hekitala imodzi, ndidakwanitsa zinayi zokha ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndidazigwira, - mlimi akufotokoza. - Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation ikuthandiziranso izi: nthaka ikufuna zinthu zachilengedwe, malingaliro aperekedwa ku State Duma of the Russian Federation pazosinthidwa pamalamulo aboma pakuwongolera zinyalala zowopsa, kupatula feteleza wamtundu wazinthu zoopsa.
Kuphatikizika kwa nkhuku
Lamulo loyamba lokhudza kuphatikizidwa kwa ndowe za nyama ndi ndowe za nkhuku mgulu la 3 ndi 4 la zinyalala zowopsa zidawonekeranso ku 2011. Patatha zaka zisanu, chilolezo chololeza ntchito zaulimi kuti zisungidwe ndikukonzekera zinthu zachilengedwe zidaloledwa. Ndipo zaka zonsezi, m'mudzimo komanso m'madipatimenti aboma, mikangano sinathe: kodi ziweto zimapereka chiyani - feteleza kapena zinyalala?
Alimi ambiri amawona kuti malamulowa ndi "opusa mopweteketsa", omwe samangokhudza minda yokha, komanso chitetezo chamtsogolo mdzikolo. Chimodzi mwazinthu zotsutsana: kupeza ziphaso zogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe ndi njira yayitali komanso yokwera mtengo. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wa layisensi yosungira ndi kukonza zinyalala zachilengedwe umayamba kuchokera ku 100 zikwi ndikufika ma ruble 1,5 miliyoni. Zilango zakuphwanya malamulo ndizowononga chabe.
Nthawi yomweyo, palibe m'modzi wa amphawo omwe amakana, ngakhale olima m'matawuni akudziwa izi: manyowa atsopano ndivulaza zomera, amatha kuwotcha dziko lapansi moyipitsitsa kuposa chemistry, ndikupanga chipululu chopanda moyo. M'malingaliro, malamulo omwe adalandilidwa adayenera kulimbikitsa opanga ulimi kuti athetse zinyalala mu feteleza wofunika. Koma izi sizinachitike. Zotsatira zakuwunika kwaposachedwa kwa Sverdlovsk Union of Small and Medium Enterprise zikuwonetsa kuti palibe bizinesi iliyonse yolima kuderali yomwe ili ndi chilolezo chogwirira ntchito ndi ziweto ndi nkhuku.
Dzikoli likuyamba kukhala losauka chifukwa chofunkha kwambiri. Mukapeza mbatata 30-35 za mbatata pa hekitala iliyonse, chemistry chokha sichingagwire ntchito kulipirira zovuta zonse za michere.
Chaka chatha, matani 1,48 miliyoni a zinyalala zaulimi adapangidwa ku Middle Urals. Ambiri aiwo - 79,8% - adapangidwa ndi minda iwiri yayikulu ya ziweto ndi nkhuku. Pali malo 141 omwe adalembedwera m'derali kuti ataye zinyalala zanyama ndi mbalame. Malo otayidwa pansi amakhala ndi mahekitala opitilira 200, matani 200 abwinowa awapeza. Nthawi yomweyo, masamba 28 alibe eni.
Mu Ogasiti chaka chatha, khothi lalamula kuti chindapusa cha ma ruble mamiliyoni 43,1 kuchokera kubizinesi yaulimi Polevskoye. Ndipo zidayamba kukhala zosavuta: poyamba chindapusa chidapitilira 160 miliyoni. Pakati pa Okutobala, lingaliro loti atenge 22 miliyoni kuchokera ku famu ya nkhuku ya Nizhniy Tagil lidayamba kugwira ntchito. Posachedwa, utsogoleri wake wakwanitsa kulipira ndalamazi pang'onopang'ono. Famu ya nkhuku ya "Reftinskaya" idasankhidwanso; oyang'anira adawayimba mlandu wowononga nthaka pamtengo wa ma ruble 287 miliyoni.
Zachilengedwe zomaliza
Malipoti omwe ofufuza aku Russia apanga ndi ukadaulo wina wogwira ntchito pochotsa zinyama ndi nkhuku zimawonekera nthawi zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, tsiku lina, asayansi a Stavropol adalengeza kuti atha kupeza biogas, eco-feteleza mwa mawonekedwe a granules ndi madzi achilengedwe ogwirira ntchito popanga zokolola. Izi zimachulukitsa zokolola pofika pafupifupi chitatu.
Koma pali zambiri zochepa pakukhazikitsidwa kwa matekinoloje amakono okonzekera organic. Bizinesi sikufulumira kuyika ndalama "ndi fungo", powona kuti si bizinesi yopindulitsa kwambiri. Malinga ndi zomwe tapeza, m'boma la Ural Federal, kokha m'chigawo cha Chelyabinsk, pamalo opangira ziweto za m'modzi mwaopanga nyama zazikulu kwambiri mderali, chaka chapitacho, ntchito idayambitsidwa yopanga feteleza wathunthu kuchokera ku manyowa. Ngakhale pafamu ya nkhuku yayikulu yotukuka posachedwa "Borovskaya" mdera la Tyumen, palibe ndalama zomwe zidaperekedwa kuti mugule zida zogwiritsira ntchito ndikuchotsa zinyalala. Zotsatira zake, bizinesi yatsopanoyi ikukumana ndi chindapusa cha machimo akale ndi zinyalala.
Zikatere, oweta ziweto ndi nkhuku apeza njira, zosayembekezereka kwa oyang'anira. Mwa kuyika ndalama pakukonzanso kwathunthu matekinoloje anzeru, adayamba kutulutsa malonda okhala ndi dzina latsopano - "agrochemical". Uwu ndi mtundu wa feteleza womaliza. Mankhwalawa amalephera kukwaniritsa miyezo yoyenera, kutsimikizira kuti ntchentche ndi fungo kulibe, koma adapereka mankhwala oyenera ophera tizilombo ndikugona pansi, kukhala otetezeka ku chilengedwe.
Kwenikweni, alimi aku Ural akuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito izi. Pakadali pano, monga tikuwonera, sizinachite bwino. Koma, malinga ndi Andrei Savchenko, alimi alibe njira ina yothetsera - chonde m'minda sichitha.
"Mwachidziwikire, tili panjira yoti tizindikire vutoli," mlimi adamaliza mwanzeru atasiyana.
Malingaliro
Viktor Kasatikov, Doctor of kilimo cha Sayansi, wotsogolera wogwira ntchito ku All-Russian Research Institute of Organic Fertilizer and Peat:
- Ndi chinthu chimodzi tikamayankhula za minda yayikulu ya nkhumba kapena minda ya nkhuku, ina ikukhudzana ndi mlimi yemwe amatulutsa manyowa ochulukirapo mchaka chimodzi, ndipo pokonza zonse za organic ayenera kusungitsa ma ruble osachepera miliyoni. Kuphatikiza apo, azitha kulandira zinthu zokonzeka kugulitsa zopangidwa molingana ndi ma GOST onse mchaka ndi theka. Nkhaniyi iyenera kuyankhidwa m'njira yosiyanitsidwa. Ganizirani zothandizira bajeti za alimi ang'onoang'ono kuti athe kuyendetsa bwino organic. Koma, mwatsoka, ndizosavuta kwa oyang'anira kuti achite bwino kupatula kukhazikitsa njira yabwino yobwezeretsanso.
Panthawiyi
Akuluakulu aku China adaganiza zokweza peat kuchokera ku Russia kuti achulukitse chonde m'minda yawo. Kulima kwambiri, kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mankhwala ndi mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kukula komanso kusasitsa, zapangitsa kuti nthaka ichepetse nthaka ku China. Malinga ndi All-Russian Research Institute of Organic Fertilizer ndi Peat, nthumwi za Celestial Kingdom tsopano zili ndi chidwi ndi maukadaulo opangira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zachilengedwe. Posachedwa, bizinesi ya Ural yasayina mgwirizano wautali wa $ 160 miliyoni wopereka peat ku China. Mavoliyumu amatha kufikira ma cubic mamilimita 600 pachaka.
Thandizo la WG
Pakadali pano, m'magulu onse a mafamu ku Russia matani 294 miliyoni a manyowa ndi zinyalala amapangidwa, ndipo pofika chaka cha 2030 chiwerengerochi chitha kufika matani 314 miliyoni. Koma kuchuluka kwa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe sikokwanira ngakhale kubereka kwachonde chonde. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kunayima matani 53 miliyoni pachaka, kapena kuchepera tani imodzi pa hekitala imodzi ya malo ofesedwa, omwe ndi 10 peresenti yokha yofunikira.
Source: https://agrovesti.net