Msika wapadziko lonse wotetezera mbewu ukupita munthawi zovuta. Msika wazinthu zotetezera mbewu udatsika kuchoka pa madola 60,5 biliyoni mu 2014 kufika $ 54,15 biliyoni mu 2017. Mu 2018, msika wapadziko lonse lapansi udakula mwachangu ndi 2,03%. Koma sitingaganize kuti uwu ndi mwayi wokhala ndi chiyembekezo. Mavuto achilengedwe komanso kulimbikira kwa zoletsa zamagulu pamagulu ena ophera mankhwala kale zikupitilira ndipo zikupitilizabe kukhala ndi vuto pamsika.
Malinga ndi a Bob Farklow, wamkulu wa Amis AgriGlobe, chaka chino makampani akukumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zisankho zandale, "nkhondo zamalonda" ndi "kubiriwira" komwe kumachitika mu European Union ndi madera ena. Chimodzi mwazomwe mungayankhe pamavuto awa ndi matekinoloje atsopano, omwe akudziwonetsera okha mu malonda azomera zoteteza mbewu.
Kuyesa makampani omwe ali ndi makampani a SZR, AgriBusiness Padziko Lonse anafunsa anthu 210 ochokera kumayiko 57. Kafukufukuyu akuphatikizapo opanga (36%), ogawa (25%), komanso oyimira m'mayunivesite, maboma, mabungwe, mabungwe omwe siaboma, kufunsa ndi mabungwe ena. Mitundu yazinthu zomwe makampani omwe adawerengedwa adagwiritsa ntchito zikuwonetsedwa Chithunzi 1.
Monga momwe kafukufukuyu adawonetsera, pakadali pano 26,7% yokha yamakampani omwe adafunsidwa ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo walimi, kuposa 23,8% omwe akugwiritsa ntchito zida izi. Mwanjira ina, ulimi wolondola udakalipo kumadera ambiri padziko lapansi. Komabe, chithunzichi chidzasintha posachedwa: oposa 82% mwa omwe anafunsidwa amakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zoteteza kuzomera kudzawonjezeka kwambiri m'miyezi ikubwerayi 12. Ochepera 5% mwa omwe adayankha samatsutsa kapena kutsutsa mwamphamvu mawu awa.
Monga wofufuza wina adatinso: "Ntchito zamama digito zidzakhala zofunikira posachedwa kuti mbewu zikule, kulimba komanso kukonzekera mtsogolo komanso kukakamizidwa pagulu."
Ma Drones ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Zosintha zidzachitika pakuwongolera ndege komanso kuwongolera pansi. Oposa 86% ya omwe amafunsidwa amakhulupirira kuti ma drones ndi ma drones azikhala ndi gawo lalikulu poteteza mbewu. Zowonjezeranso (92%) zimati "kupopera mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana" kudzakhudza kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu zoteteza mbeu.
“Kupanga mapangidwe atsopano ndiye gawo loyamba. Pali mwayi kwa opanga zinthu kuno, "atero a CS Liew, Managing Director a Pacific Agriscience Pte Ltd komanso membala wa AgriBusiness's Global Advisory Board. "Kuchulukitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma drones mu mankhwala ophera tizilombo, njira zatsopano ziyenera kupangidwa."
Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, ma drones adzakhudza kwambiri North America: opitilira 50% ya omwe anafunsidwa adavotera deralo ngati malo omwe ma drones / ma drones pamapeto pake adzasinthira poteteza mbewu. Pakadali pano, United States ili ndi malamulo omwe amafuna kuti ogwiritsa ntchito ma drone azitha kuwona ma drones awo pomwe akugwira ntchito, ndipo zopangidwa ziyenera kulembedwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito mlengalenga. Zomera zikuluzikulu zimapanganso zoperewera paukadaulo - moyo wa batri pa drone komanso zomwe angathe kulipira sizinakulebe.
Malamulo osasunthika ku China ndi Southeast Asia apangitsa zigawozi kukhala zachinayi pamndandanda wa maiko omwe ma drones / drones adzakhudze kwambiri.
Palinso zinthu zina zomwe zingakhudze ntchito za drone. "M'mayiko omwe misika imayendetsedwa bwino, pakufunika zambiri kuti zithandizire kugwiritsa ntchito zida zaukadaulo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito," anatero wofunsayo. "Izi zidzalepheretsa kukhazikitsidwa kulikonse koyambirira chifukwa cha mtengo komanso nthawi yomwe ikupezeka pakupanga zidziwitso zoterezi."
Zothetsa zovuta
Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti momwe zinthu zikugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapansi ndi zofanana: North America, Western Europe ndi South America zidatenga malo atatu oyamba, China / Southeast Asia idagwa malo achisanu pambuyo pa Eastern Europe.
Kugawilidwa kwa mipando sikukhudzidwa osati kokha ndi kukakamizidwa kowonjezera kuti kuwonjezere kulondola, komanso mavuto a glyphosate. Malamulo oletsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake ndikuchulukitsa kutsutsana ndi udzu akuchititsa chidwi chochulukirapo pakugwiritsa ntchito moyenera / mosamala mankhwala oteteza mbewu. Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, 49% adati zovuta za glyphosate zimakhudza kwambiri momwe amaonera mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yolondola ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo kufalikira, tekinoloje yatsopano imafunikira kulimbikitsidwa m'malo onse othandizira.
"Ogulitsa akuyenera kugwira ntchito yabwinoko yolimbikitsa kusungitsa ndalama molondola ndikupanga malingaliro atsopano kwa makasitomala awo," wolemba wina adayankha. “Izi zimawapatsa mwayi waukulu wosunga makasitomala ndikubwezeretsa phindu lomwe latsika chifukwa chogulitsa malonda. Umisiri ndi makampani omwe amapereka 'njira' yogwiritsira ntchito njira zamagetsi adzapambana pamapeto pake. ”
Ukadaulo wopanga zosakaniza pazaka makumi zapitazi zathandiza alimi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amafunikira kupopera mbewu. Ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito molondola kumathandizanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala opopera. Pafupifupi kotala mwa atatu mwa omwe anafunsidwa amavomereza kuti ukadaulo wogwiritsira ntchito molondola umachepetsa kugulitsa zamagetsi kwa miyezi 12-24 ikubwerayi.
"Malita ochepera azogulitsa akhoza kukhala okhumudwitsa m'makampani opanga," adayankha woyankha. "Koma mapangidwe atsopano ndi mapangidwe omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ku ma drones / ma drones atha kukhala opindulitsa kuposa kugulitsa malita ambiri."
Ngakhale iwo amene akuganiza izi atha kutenga nthawi yayitali amadziwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kulondola ndikosatheka.
“Maulosi ali ndi ufulu kukhalapo, komabe pali zovuta zina zaukadaulo kuposa momwe amayembekezera. Zitenga nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe kunanenedweratu kuti kupopera mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa drone kufalikira kudera lalikulu la mundawo, "adayankha woyankha. Wina amene anafunsidwa anati: “Monga zochita zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mankhwala otetezera mbewu kumathandiza; koma amenewo sindiwo mathero athu apano. "
Chovuta m'makampani ambiri omwe ali ndi chidwi ndiulimi wachidziwitso ndikuti adziwe komwe angagwiritse ntchito ndalama ndi mphamvu zawo.
Oposa 90% ya omwe adachita nawo kafukufukuyu akugwirizana ndi mawu oti "makampani agrochemical ndi makampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje ogwiritsiridwa ntchito moyenera adzafunika kuwunika mwayi wogwirizana ndi bizinesi m'miyezi 12 mpaka 24 ikubwerayi."
Ndipo, zowonadi, kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi gawo limodzi chabe mwa mwayi wopangira ukadaulo watsopano waulimi pogwiritsa ntchito digito. Monga woyankha m'modzi adati, "Ntchito zatsopano komanso zatsopano zikufunika. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma drones kapena kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera mankhwala ophera tizilombo sikokwanira. "
Zaka zingapo zikubwerazi zikuyenera kukhala zosangalatsa kuti tizitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso kulima molondola makamaka. Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikuwonetsa kuti izi sizongopeka chabe ndipo makampani akuyenera kukhala okonzeka kuthana ndi vuto lomwe likukulirakuli. Wofunsidwa kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti zosinthazi zomwe zikubwera zidzakhudza kwambiri makampaniwa kuti: "Kulima mwatsatanetsatane kudzakhala kusintha kwotsatira pambuyo pa Green Revolution."
Werengani mokwanira: https://www.agroxxi.ru/