Parsnip, kapena dambo, kapena wamba (lat. Pastinaca sativa) ndi chomera cha herbaceous biennial cha banja la ambulera. Dzinali limachokera ku liwu lachilatini lakuti "pastus", lomwe limatanthauza "chakudya, chakudya, chakudya."
Ichi ndi masamba okoma komanso athanzi: mizu ya parsnip imakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, chakudya, mafuta, fiber, mavitamini (E, B2, B1, K, C ndi kupatsidwa folic acid) ndi mchere. Palinso mafuta ofunikira ndi shuga wachilengedwe (fructose ndi sucrose).
Parsnips amamera ku Mediterranean. Agiriki akale ndi Aroma ankadziwika kuti "pastinaka", ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya ndi mankhwala, komanso kudyetsa ziweto. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX, parsnip inali itadziwika bwino komanso yotsika mtengo kwa azungu monga mbatata inali nthawi ina, ndipo m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX parsnip idawonekeranso ku Russia - tinkatcha "field borscht".
Masiku ano, ma parsnip m'dziko lathu amatchulidwa kuti ndi mbewu "zosafunikira kwambiri", komabe, ndikukula kwazakudya zopatsa thanzi, amakhala amodzi mwazinthu zodalirika kwambiri zomwe alimi ayenera kusamala nazo.
ZOPHUNZITSA ZOPHUNZITSA ZOPHUNZITSIDWA NDI BEJO NDI ELSOMS
PICADOR F1: Nthawi ya zomera masiku 140. Pulasitiki wosakanizidwa, yosavuta kukula. Amasiyana ndi kukula kwakukulu, ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwa zokolola. Zosavuta kusankha ndikunyamula. Imapirira makulidwe. Oyenera kukoka kuyeretsa. Kukana matenda aakulu. Mawonekedwe a mizu ndi D/E.
PALACE F1: Nthawi ya zomera masiku 140. Chosakanizidwa ichi ndi chodziwika kwambiri pamsika. Zimasiyana ndi kukula kwachangu kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko. Oyenera kupanga koyambirira. Ili ndi zokolola zambiri, kukana matenda abwino. Oyenera kukoka kuyeretsa. Itha kugulitsidwa ngati katundu wamba. Muzu mawonekedwe - D.
PANORAMA F1: Nthawi ya zomera masiku 150. Zimasiyana pakutuluka kwakukulu kwa muzu wazinthu. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zapachaka. A lalikulu zovuta kukana matenda a tsamba zida ndi mizu, amene amalola kugwiritsa ntchito wosakanizidwa mu kupanga organic mankhwala. Ndizotheka kukolola ndi kukoka kuphatikiza. Muzu mawonekedwe C.
NTCHITO YAKUKULA
Pali njira ziwiri zokulitsira mbewu - kufesa mwachindunji ndi kubzala mbande. Yoyamba ndi yotchuka kwambiri.
Parsnip ndiyomwe imalimbana kwambiri ndi mizu ya mizu: mbewu zimayamba kumera pa 2-3 ° C, mbande zimapirira chisanu mpaka
-5 ° C. Chifukwa chake, kubzala mbewu kumatha kuyamba msanga. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamafuta ofunikira mumbewu, parsnip imamera bwino kwambiri: mawonekedwe a mphukira amatha kuyembekezera mpaka masiku 30, koma mukamagwiritsa ntchito mbewu zomwe zamera, mawuwa amawonekera.
kuyembekezera kumera kumachepetsedwa mpaka masiku 10. Ndondomeko yofesa yokhazikika: mizere inayi iwiri. Mbeu: 300 - 000 mbewu pa 400 ha,
izi ndi 35-40 njere pa 1 mita imodzi yokhala ndi kuya kwa 2 cm.
Mukamakula parsnips ndi mbande, ndikofunikira kulabadira mawonekedwe achikhalidwecho. Choncho, chifukwa yachibadwa chitukuko cha mbande
muyenera masana ambiri (osachepera maola 14), choncho khalani okonzeka kukonza zowunikira zina za mbande. Kuthirira
kuchitidwa ngati dothi la pamwamba liwuma mumiphika. Yesani overmoisten zomera: kuchokera patsogolo chinyezi mu mizu
akhoza kudwala ndi kufa.
Kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka kumachitika pakati pa Meyi, pamene mbande zili ndi masiku 28-30. Panthawi imeneyi, monga lamulo,
chisanu chobwerera chatha, ndipo nthaka yatenthedwa mokwanira.
Zomwe zimatsogolera bwino parsnip ndi anyezi, kabichi, beets ndi mbatata.
KUYERETSA NDI KUSINTHA
Kukolola kwa mizu kumachitika kumapeto kwa Seputembala - koyambirira kwa Okutobala, chisanu chisanayambike. Ntchito zambiri zimachitika pamanja: mbewu za mizu zimakumbidwa ndi bulaketi, kuyesera kuti zisawononge. Popeza nsonga za parsnips zimatha kusiya zoyaka m'manja mwanu, magolovesi amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mbewu za mizu zimasungidwa mofanana ndi kaloti - m'mabokosi okhala ndi mchenga pa kutentha kwa 0-2 ° C ndi chinyezi cha 80-85%.
Ngati kutentha kosungirako kuli kokulirapo, mbewu za muzu zimafewetsa, choncho, m'madera otentha kumene kulibe chisanu, ndi bwino kuti musamakumbire konse - zimazizira bwino pansi. Ngati zomera zasiyidwa nyengo yachisanu isanakwane, masambawo amadulidwa mu autumn, ndipo mbewu za muzu zimadulidwa. Pavuli paki, mbakuwoniyapu asani ayamba kukula, angukumbika.
Avereji ya zokolola za mizu: 40-50 t/ha.
Msika wogulitsira
Parsnip amapangidwa kuti azigulitsa mwatsopano komanso kuti azikonza. Pachiyambi choyamba, zinthu zambiri zimabwera m'masitolo mu mawonekedwe opakidwa (komanso n'zotheka kugulitsa kulemera kwake). Kukula koyenera kwa mizu yogulitsa mwatsopano ndi 35-75 mm.
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