Momwe mungakulitsire kumera kwa mbewu zomwe "zinagona" m'nyengo yozizira yosungirako kuzizira ndipo, titero, zili mu makanema ojambula? Asayansi a ku Chelyabinsk apeza njira yotulukira: zimakhala kuti ozonation ya mbewu imabwezeretsanso kumoyo, imapereka mphamvu kuti ikule.
Koma izi si kuphatikiza kokha. Monga momwe zinakhalira, ozoni, yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yowonjezereka ya okosijeni kuposa mpweya wa mpweya, "imathandizira" matenda a zomera. Ndipo palibe umagwirira, kokha chifukwa cha chilengedwe-ngati njira zotetezeka!
Kudziwa komwe kunachitika posachedwa pa Tsiku la Ural Field m'chigawo cha Chebarkulsky kunadzutsa chidwi chachikulu. Kodi izi zingapereke chiyani kwa agro-industrial complex, kodi zimatsegula mwayi wotani wokulitsa zokolola? Ndipo zidzakhudza bwanji khalidwe la mankhwala, thanzi la anthu? Izi ndi zomwe tidakambirana ndi m'modzi mwa omwe amapanga ukadaulo wa ozone, Doctor of Technical Sciences Andrey Bogdanov, wamkulu wa dipatimenti ya Agricultural Products Processing and Life Safety ku SUSU.
Mphamvu pa Kukula - Kodi njira yanu imasiyana bwanji ndi njira zamakono zopangira mbewu?
Matenda a zomera monga smut mutu, dzimbiri, zowola za mbatata zimawononga kwambiri mbewu. Matenda a mbewu ndi tizirombo titha kuwononga kwambiri. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mbewu kuti aphedwe ndi mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo towopsa. Koma izi zitha kuvulaza nthaka, mbewu zomwe, momwe zinthuzi zilibe chitetezo ku thanzi, ngakhale zili zochepa, zimasungidwa.
Kuphatikiza pa njira yamankhwala yochizira mbewu, njira zachilengedwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu agro-industrial complex: tizirombo timawonongeka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Koma ziyenera kugulidwa kunja, ndipo ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri. Ukadaulo wathu wa ozone ndiwotsika mtengo, wotetezeka komanso wokonda zachilengedwe. Ozoni sichivulaza chilengedwe, imawola kukhala mamolekyu a okosijeni. Komanso, ndondomekoyi imachitika m'chipinda chosindikizidwa, chokhala ndi ozoni pang'ono - mpaka 10 mg pa kiyubiki mita.
- Kodi ndizowona kuti ozoni amalimbikitsanso kumera kwa mbewu?
- Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi zotsatira za mayesero athu. Kumera kumawonjezeka mpaka 35%! Chowonadi ndi chakuti mbewu nthawi zina zimasungidwa m'nkhokwe kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo, titero, "zimagwera mu hibernation." Momwe mungawasangalatse, kudzutsa nyonga? Kwa ichi, monga momwe zinakhalira, ozoni ndi yabwino kwambiri.
Ndibwino kuposa chemistry iliyonse, zolimbikitsa kukula kwapang'onopang'ono, zimayambitsa makina odzutsa! Tinaphunzira njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira mbewu - ultraviolet, laser, electromagnetic radiation - ndikukhazikika pa ozone.
Maphunzirowa amachitidwanso ndi pulofesa wothandizira wa dipatimenti yathu Svetlana Popova, ndipo wophunzira womaliza Viktoriya Evchenko adakonzekera chiphunzitso chake cha Ph.D pa mutu wa ozonation.
Talemba kale pempho la patent ndipo tikukonzekera kutengera ukadaulo uwu pachigawo chonse cha Russia.
Ozone "mu iron"
"Koma izi zimafuna makina a ozoni ..."
- Iye ali kale kuntchito. Malinga ndi zojambula zathu, Vadim Kolyagin adapanga ma labotale, pomwe timayesa kuyesa mbewu za ozoni mu mbale za Petri.
Tinapanga chitsanzo cha masamu, mothandizidwa ndi Excel, MathCad ndi Compass mapulogalamu omwe tinkapanga makompyuta, ndipo tinapeza ndondomeko ya "kudzutsidwa kwa moyo" wa zomera.
Ndipo zinapezeka kuti kumera kwa mbewu kumadalira ndende ya ozoni ndi nthawi ya kukonza kwawo.
Ngati mpweya wa ozoni ukuposa "mlingo" woyenerera, pali ngozi "yowotcha" mbewu, kuzipangitsa kuvulaza kosatheka. Poyesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ozoni, tapeza "zowopsa" momwe kumera kwambewu ndikokwera kwambiri. Komanso, pa chikhalidwe chilichonse muyenera kusankha mode wanu.
- Kodi panali zovuta zilizonse pakuyesa ukadaulo?
- Pakuyika kwathu, ozoni amapangidwa kuchokera kumlengalenga pogwiritsa ntchito kutulutsa kwamagetsi (ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuti apeze mankhwala). Pamayeso, tinapanga zosintha zathu pamapangidwe ake. Mwachitsanzo, poyamba panalibe fani yamphamvu yokwanira, ndipo ndinafunika kukhazikitsa ina, yamphamvu kwambiri. Komanso, chipangizo choyezera ndende ya ozoni, chomwe chimangowonetsa kuchuluka kovomerezeka, chinasinthidwa ndi Signal-4 gas analyzer, yomwe imayang'anira zonse zomwe zimachitika gasi.
- Ndipo mudzalowa liti pamlingo wopanga?
- Pakalipano, tapanga chitsanzo cha labotale, koma kuti tiyike teknoloji ya ozone pamtsinje, tifunika kumanga chomera cha mafakitale. Ndipo pakukula kwake, ndikofunikira kupeza ndalama zazikulu, ndipo tikuyembekeza kwambiri kulandira thandizo la federal. Koma masiku ano thandizo la boma pa kafukufuku wa sayansi, monga lamulo, limaperekedwa mkati mwa ndondomeko ya ndalama zothandizira anthu payekha, ndipo tikuyang'ana bwenzi la mafakitale. Tikukhulupirira kuti atengapo gawo la ndalamazo kuti adzabwezerenso pambuyo pake poyambitsa chitukuko pazachuma.
Kusangalala kwa Zukini
- Ndi mbewu ziti zomwe mwayesapo kale "kusamba kwa ozoni"?
- Mpaka pano, adangoyesedwa pa zukini. Koma ozonation wa mbewu amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati beets, kaloti, ndi masamba ena. Malinga ndi zolosera zathu, ozoni adzapereka kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa zokolola, kuonjezera kumera kwa mbewu zambewu. Pali lingaliro loyesera mu greenhouse floriculture. Pogwiritsa ntchito luso lamakonoli, tsopano tikukonzekera zolemba za magazini asayansi omwe ali mu nkhokwe yapadziko lonse ya Scopus.
- Koma kodi zukini la ozoni lingawononge thanzi lanu?
- Ayi konse! Iwo sali osiyana ndi wamba - palibe chemistry yowopsa, palibe uinjiniya wa majini.
- Masiku ano, vuto la mbewu ndi limodzi mwazovuta kwambiri pazachuma ...
- M'zaka za post-Soviet zopezera ndalama zochepa za sayansi, zosankha zathu zidatsala pang'ono kuiwalika ndipo zayamba kutsitsimuka. Ndipo komabe timakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi singano ya Kumadzulo: mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba, makamaka tomato wowonjezera kutentha ndi nkhaka - zonsezi ndi "cordon" mankhwala! Kuphatikiza apo, ma hybrids amagulitsidwa kwa ife ndi ndalama zambiri, zomwe zidzatheratu chibadwa chawo mu nyengo 2-3, ndipo mbewu ziyenera kugulidwanso kunja. Nanga bwanji ngati apatsidwa zilango? M'malingaliro anga, njira yotulukira ndi chitukuko cha chisankho chapakhomo. Ndizotheka kuti ozonation ya mbewu ithandizire kufulumizitsa kupangidwa kwa mitundu yatsopano, ndikuwonjezera kumera, kukula kwamphamvu, motero kuchepetsa nthawi yakucha kwa mbewu zaulimi.
Source: https://www.nsss-russia.ru/