M'dzinja ku Russia ndi nthawi yokhazikitsa mabanki. Komabe, homuweki imeneyi yakhala ikucheperachepera pakati pa azimayi apanyumba amakono. Zikuwoneka kuti izi zikuyenera kutsegulira mwayi kwa omwe amapanga zamzitini ndi alimi omwe amalima masamba ...
Koma zoona zake, chilichonse sichimveka.
Kumbali imodzi, kupanga zamasamba zamzitima mdziko muno kukukulirakulira, mabizinesi atsopano akutsegulidwa, ndipo kufunika kukukula.
Malinga ndi BusinesStat, kuyambira 2012 mpaka kumapeto kwa 2016, kugulitsa kwa zinthu zamzitini kudakwera ndi 5,4% ndipo kumafika matani 2016 miliyoni kumapeto kwa 1,34. Kumbali inayi, kusankha zamasamba zamzitini m'mashelufu amasitolo kumakhalabe kochepa. Pakadali pano, gawo lamkango pamsika wazomera zam'chitini ku Russia ndi la magulu angapo azinthu - nkhaka zamzitini ndi tomato; nandolo wobiriwira ndi chimanga; phwetekere; nyemba; sikwashi caviar; maolivi ndi maolivi.
Pakadali pano, m'madera ambiri, kabichi, kaloti, beets, anyezi, ndi mbatata zimakula bwino. Zina mwazopangazi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito posungira, koma pakadali pano ndizochepa. Masaladi, zouma zoumba, msuzi wokonzeka - zonsezi ku mphero zazikulu nthawi zambiri zimapita kuwonjezera pazosakaniza zazikulu, ndipo kufunika kwa maudindo amenewa m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia sikunakwaniritse mokwanira kuti mafakitole achulukitse kuchuluka kwa zopanga, makamaka popeza sizovuta kuchita.
ZINTHU ZOIPA
Bizinesi yopanga zamzitini zamzitini, monga china chilichonse chokhudzana ndi kupanga, sitinganene kuti ndiosavuta. Kuyamba kwa polojekiti kumafunikira ndalama zazikulu (pafupifupi chilichonse chimafunikira mzere wosiyana). Nthawi yomweyo, zida zamtengo wapatali zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi miyezi iwiri kapena itatu pachaka. Chifukwa chake, pali zovuta ndi ogwira ntchito: kwa miyezi itatu pachaka anthu amalembedwa ntchito mosinthana katatu, asanu ndi anayi otsalawo - palibe ntchito. Magulu ogulitsa amagwiritsidwanso molingana ndi nyengo.
Nyengo ndi imodzi mwamavuto akulu amakampani m'gawo lino. Malinga ndi katswiri pamsika wosamalira, wolemba tsamba la "Conservator's Tips" patsamba la Facebook, wogulitsa Daria Bakushina, zochuluka pakupanga zimachitika nthawi yachilimwe komanso yoyambirira yophukira. Chifukwa chake, ino ndi nthawi yotsika mtengo kwambiri yamafakitole (zopangira zikugulidwa), koma ndipakati pa miyezi iyi pomwe makampani amafikira "pansi" pazogulitsa: ogula amakonda masamba atsopano m'malo amzitini. Ndalama zomwe adayikirazo zimayamba kubwerera pang'onopang'ono (kutengera mtundu wa zosunga) osati koyambirira kwa Novembala, koma nthawi zambiri pambuyo pake, chifukwa zinthuzo zimatumizidwa kumasitolo ndi malipiro obwezedwa.
Ndizomveka kuti cholinga chachikulu pakupanga chimaperekedwa kumadera akumphepete kwambiri. Malinga ndi Daria Bakushina, sizopindulitsa kuti wopanga azisunga nthawi yachisanu yopanga ndi zitini zosakwana 200, ndipo nthawi yotentha ayenera kukhala pafupifupi zitini mamiliyoni. Ma saladi (komanso zinthu zina kuchokera ku masamba a borscht set) sizili m'gulu lino. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amapangidwira mu "nyengo yanyengo", kuchokera ku zida zamtengo wapatali zambiri. Ndipo izi, monga momwe katswiriyu amafotokozera, zimakhudzanso kutchuka kwa malonda: saladi wokoma wokoma sangakhale ndi ndalama zotsika ndi ruble 100, ndipo wogula sanakonzekere kulipira ndalama zochuluka chotere.
Vuto linanso ndi mpikisano wampikisano komanso kuvuta kolowera mumaunyolo ogulitsa. Malinga ndi a Leonid Goncharov, Woyang'anira Zamalonda wa Abakan Factory-Kitchen LLC, pamalo omwe bizinesi yake imagwirira ntchito (kupanga masupuni okonzedwa kale ndi maphunziro oyambira), pali mafakitale ena osachepera zana omwe amapikisana nawo tsiku lililonse pakhomopo.
Opanga ndiwo zamasamba zamzitini (mbatata, kaloti, beets, anyezi) samakonda kwenikweni zomwe zili pamsika. Zakudya zamzitini zimaperekedwa kwa ogwira ntchito zazamalamulo, zipatala, ndi madera a Far North. Ngakhale pali mpikisano pano: mgwirizano waboma wazinthu umalandiridwa ndi amene adatha kupereka chinthu chomwe chimakwaniritsa zofunikira za GOST pamtengo wotsika kwambiri. Kusunga mitengo kungakhale kovuta pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.
A Elena Ismailova, manejala a Nizhnegorsk cannery (Republic of Crimea), akudandaula kuti pakadali pano, zingakhale zovuta kuti kampani yake ipikisane ndi makampani akuluakulu. Mlatho wa Crimea watsekedwa pamagalimoto, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zida ndi zosungira kuti zisungidwe zimaperekedwa kwa mbewu mozungulira, komanso kutumiza kwa zomaliza kwa makasitomala. Mtengo wazinthu zimachulukitsa mtengo wopanga.
Koma ili ndichinsinsi ndipo, ndikufuna kukhulupirira, vuto lakanthawi. Koma opanga onse nthawi ndi nthawi amakumana ndi kukwera mitengo kwa zinthu zopangira. Chifukwa chake nyengo ino, oimira mabizinesi amakana kuyankhula zamitengo yazogulitsa zawo mpaka kumapeto kwa zokolola. "Chiyambi cha chilimwe chinali chotentha, kunalibe chinyezi chokwanira, ndipo alimi ambiri amati masamba azikhala odula," akufotokoza a Elena Ismailova. "Koma mtengo wake sitikudziwa pano." "Ozizira, kutentha, matalala, dzombe - zomwe sizinachitike mdziko muno nyengo ino," akutero a Daria Bakushina. - Zokolola monga nandolo, chimanga, tomato, ndi nkhaka zidakhudzidwa. Mtengo wapamwamba udzawonjezeka kangapo. "
Ponena za zopangira. Ndizosangalatsa kuti palibe m'modzi mwa oyimira mabizinesi omwe adafufuza omwe adatchula kuperewera kwa zinthu zopangira, kusokoneza, kapena kusakhala bwino kwa zinthu zaulimi monga zovuta. Aliyense ankalankhula za maubale okhalitsa, ogulitsa odalirika. Koma kusowa kwa thandizo la boma ngakhale kukwera mitengo kwa mafuta ndi zinthu zina, poganizira kuchuluka kwa VAT mpaka 2019% kuyambira 20, zidadziwika koposa kamodzi.
Malinga ndi a Daria Bakushina, lero makampaniwa sakumva thandizo la olamulira: "Sizovuta kupeza chithandizo panthawi yovuta, ndipo ngati mutachita bwino, ndiye kuti muyenera kulipira VAT nthawi yomweyo. Ngati pali wokonda, wanzeru pamalonda, wodziwa bwino ntchito, ndi ndalama, wotsutsa pang'ono kuchokera kwa oyang'anira akumaloko, atenga chiwembu kumunda, kumanga chomera pamenepo, kudzala mbewu ndikuzikonza, ndiye kuti ndibwino ngati osasokoneza. Koma kupanga chinthu chabwino ndi theka lankhondo. Akufunikabe kugulitsa. Lamulo limodzi lina likufunika. Ndimalemekeza kwambiri eni ake omwe, tikhoza kunena kuti, "ngakhale" amadyetsa anthu. "
ZOCHITITSA
Iyi ndi nkhani inanso yofunika pakupanga kwamakono. Makampani ogulitsa masiku ano, machitidwe achizolowezi ku Soviet amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka, ngakhale kusintha kwinaku kukuchitika. Malinga ndi Natalia Posokina, wamkulu wa malo ogwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo ku All-Russian Research Institute of Canning Technology, zosintha zambiri zimapangidwa pambuyo pogula zida zatsopano: mwachitsanzo, chithandizo cha kutentha pamizere yamakono nthawi zambiri chimachitika m'malo osalala kwambiri, ndikukulolani kuti musunge mavitamini ambiri pazomalizidwa. . Koma mtsogolomo, kuchokera pakuwoneka katswiri wa VNIITEK, mabizinesi akuluakulu ambiri akhoza kutembenukira ku matekinoloje akunja, poganizira kuti mbewu zambiri zakhala kale gawo limodzi padziko lapansi masiku ano.
KULEKA
Chikhalidwe cha ku Russia chophika masamba zamzitini sichinasinthidwe kwa zaka zambiri: ma canneries amalongedza katundu wawo m'magalasi ndi ndowa zachitsulo. Kutchuka kwa zitini sikuli kwangozi: amakulolani kuti mukhalebe opanga zinthu zabwino kuyambira zaka ziwiri mpaka zinayi. Koma pali zovuta zomwe zikuwonekeratu: magalasi osweka mosavuta, chitsulo chamagulu a chakudya ndiokwera mtengo.
Njira ina yabwino pazosankha pamwambapa ikhoza kukhala paketi ya tetra, yodziwika kwa wogula ku Russia pazinthu zamtundu wina (kumbukirani, mwachitsanzo, timadziti). Kuchokera pamalingaliro a wopanga, kuyika kotero kumakhala kopanda cholakwika: chinthucho ndichabwino kunyamula, kusungira, kuwonetsa. Koma lero pamashelefu a m'masitolo apakhomo "pamakatoni" mungapeze okha tomato mumadzi awo ku Italiya, ochokera kunja. Palibe aliyense mwa omwe amapanga masamba azitini ku Tetra Pak.
Daria Bakushina akufotokozera izi chifukwa chakusakonzekera pamsika kusintha. Malinga ndi katswiriyu, kukonzanso zida zopangira mtundu wina watsopano wa phukusi kudzakhala chinthu chokwera mtengo kwambiri kwa mabizinesi, izi zikhudza mtengo wa katundu, koma wogula sali wokonzeka kulipira chogulitsa mu paketi ya tetra yokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa chimodzimodzi - mu malata kapena galasi. Palibe amene amaika pachiwopsezo pazachuma zomwe zilipo.
Njira ina yomwe ingakhale yosungidwa m'masitolo aku Europe ndi thumba la pulasitiki. Koma akatswiri aku Russia ali ndi mafunso enanso omufunsira. Malinga ndi Daria Bakushina, mashelufu azomera zamzitini m'matumba apulasitiki amachepetsedwa kukhala chaka chimodzi, pomwe ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti unyolo wogulitsa umavomereza zinthu zomwe zikugulitsidwa ndi nthawi yotsalira ya 60%. Ndiye kuti, ngati malonda adatulutsidwa mu Julayi 2018, zitheka kutumiza mpaka pafupifupi Disembala, mpaka - mpaka nthawi yomwe kugulitsa unyinji kuyamba.
ZIZINDIKIRO
Kuneneratu njira zomwe bizinesiyo idzachite posachedwa komanso patali kwambiri ndi ntchito yosayamika. Koma kungoganiza zomwe zingawonekere, kutengera chidziwitso komanso nzeru zamsika, ndizowona.
Malinga ndi Daria Bakushina, mtsogolomo, titha kuyembekeza kuti mapangidwe amakongoletsedwe: wopanga adzayang'ana pa ogula osiyanasiyana ndikupereka mankhwala osiyanasiyana, kuyambira ochepera - otumikirako munthu m'modzi - mpaka pazambiri (komanso zachuma), kwakukulu bizinesi yamabanja kapena HoReCa.
Upangiri wina womveka, kuchokera pakuwona kwa akatswiri, ndi mutu waumoyo. Ikuthandizidwa kale pamilingo yaboma: pa Juni 1, 2018, ntchito ya Traffic Light idakhazikitsidwa ku Russia - kuyika chakudya mumitundu itatu - yobiriwira, yachikaso ndi yofiira - kutengera mchere, shuga ndi mafuta. Pakadali pano, opanga akutenga nawo mbali pantchitoyo mwakufuna kwawo. Koma m'dziko lomwe anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kagayidwe kabakitrate, insulin kukana komanso matenda a shuga akuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse, ndizomveka kuyambitsa mzere wopanda mankhwala wopanda shuga kapena mchere wochepa komanso wopanda shuga.
Ndipo, zowonadi, zinthu zatsopano zidzawoneka pamsika. Daria Bakushina tsopano akuwonetsa kutchuka kwakukula kwa anapiye amphaka, mphodza, nyemba zakuda, tomato owuma dzuwa, therere, zikondwerero ndi zinthu zina zachilendo kwa aku Russia.
Ifenso, m'malo mwa ofesi ya ukonzi, tikuyembekeza kuti chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chidwi pang'onopang'ono kwa chidwi cha anthu kukulitsa ndiwo zamasamba pamafamu awo ndikusintha momwe moyo ungakhalire m'dziko muno, kupanga zakudya zamzitini kulimanso kuchokera ku zinthu zapakhomo. Ndipo zinthu izi sizikhala zofunikira kwambiri kuposa zakunja.