Tikulankhula ndi a Alexander Bespalov, Wachiwiri kwa Mtsogoleri wa Potential LLC, kuti alimi aku zoweta agwirizane ndi lingaliroli komanso kuti ndi nkhani yanji yothirira yokumba ku Russia lero.
Kumapeto kwa 2019, malo angapo asayansi ndi mawunikidwe adayamba kulankhula za kuthekera kwakukhala ndi chilala chachikulu ku Russia munyengo ikubwerayi. Kugwa kofunda modabwitsa komanso kusowa kwathunthu kwa mvula kumadera akumwera kwa dzikolo zidatchulidwa kuti ndizofunikira. Izi zidatsatiridwa ndi nyengo yozizira yomwe sinachitikepo, yomwe idalimbikitsa olosera. Zotsatira zake, kudalidi chilala - ku Urals, Siberia, kumwera kwa Russia, koma sikunakhudze zigawo zapakati pa dzikolo ndi dera la Volga.
Kodi ndi lingaliro lanji lomwe lingapezeke kuchokera m'nkhaniyi? Choyamba, mwatsoka, ngakhale akatswiri odalirika sanathe kuneneratu momwe nyengo ilili. Ndipo chachiwiri: chilala chitha kubwera chaka chamawa kapena patatha zaka zingapo ndipo chidzazichita mosazindikira. Ndipo ngati zovuta ndizotheka ndipo mutha kuzikonzekereratu, muyenera kuchita izi kuti mukhale olimba mtima pakukula kulikonse.
Potential LLC ndi gawo la Agrotrade Gulu la Makampani, omwe ali ndi mayankho ophatikizika. Wogulitsa _ VALMONT INDUSTRIES, INC.
- Alexander, kampani ya Potential idziwa zambiri pakukhazikitsa ntchito zothirira. Malinga ndi zomwe mwawona, minda yomwe ikufuna kulima zinthu zawo zothirira ikuchulukirachulukira?
- Kwa kampani yathu chaka chino kukula kunali 20%. Koma ndikuganiza kuti chizindikirochi chikuwonetsa osati ntchito zathu zokha, komanso kukula kwa msika wonse. Kuthirira mdziko lathu kwakhala kukuyenda bwino kwazaka zopitilira chaka chimodzi; ndalama zothandizira zimaperekedwa m'maboma kuti athe kulipirira zomwe alimi adalima. Kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika m'malo angapo. Pochita izi, alimi ambiri ayamba kuchita mantha kuti nthawi yomwe boma lakonzeka kugawana nawo ndalama zothirira nawo itha. Chifukwa chake, minda yomwe idafuna kuyambitsa ulimi wothirira idaganizira zakutheka kwa chisankhochi, koma idasiya kukhazikitsa ntchitoyi mpaka nthawi yabwino, idayamba kuthana ndi vutoli.
- Mumachokera kumadera ati nthawi zambiri?
- Mapulogalamu ambiri amachokera ku madera a Saratov, Orenburg, Samara. Komanso, osati minda yayikulu komanso yaying'ono yokha, komanso alimi akufuna kuyambitsa ulimi wothirira.
- Ndiye kuti, ulimi wothirira udakali wofunidwa kwambiri kumadera omwe ndizovuta kupeza mbewu popanda madzi?
- Pakatikati pa Russia, madzi amasamalidwa mosiyanasiyana. Koma gawo lalikulu lazamalonda, makamaka omwe amapanga zinthu zogulitsa kapena kugulitsa mabizinesi, amagwiritsabe ntchito ulimi wothirira, chifukwa akamakulira kuthirira, zokololazo ndizokwera, ndipo mtunduwo umakhala wabwino. Chomeracho chimalandira chinyezi nthawi yomweyo, chomwe chimakhudza zotsatira zake.
- Ndi mbewu ziti zomwe zimabzalidwa lero pogwiritsa ntchito zida zopopera madzi?
- Soya, chimanga, mbatata zimakhudzidwa ndikuthirira. M'mafamu ambiri, tirigu ndi barele ankalimidwa pothirira. Mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi dera lonse la Nizhny Novgorod limathirira tirigu ndikulandila 70 c / ha - kawiri kuposa popanda kuthirira. Ndipo tirigu ndi chinthu chopindulitsa kwambiri masiku ano. Pamndandanda womwewo, mbewu za forage. Minda ya ziweto, kuyambitsa ulimi wothirira, ikufuna kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwakumetako, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti muchepetse mtengo wogula ndikuperekera chakudya kuchokera kumadera ena. Ndipo zimatsimikizika kuti mupambana pamtundu wazinthu zomwe mwalandira.
- Kodi pali zigawo zomwe ndizosatheka kukhazikitsa ntchito yothirira (ngati tikunena za kukonkha)?
- Palibe zigawo zoterezi. Koma pali madera ena omwe kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito yotere kumakhala kovuta, ndipo nthawi zina kumasiyidwa. Chopinga chachikulu: mtunda kuchokera komwe madzi amachokera.
Gwero labwino la madzi othirira ndi dziwe lotseguka. Ngati palibe, chitsime chitha kulowa m'malo, ngakhale ntchito yotereyo ingagwirizane kale ndi zovuta zina (madzi atha kukhala ovuta kwambiri, okhala ndi mchere wambiri ndi mchere, chitsimecho sichikhala ndi mayendedwe okwanira, ndi zina .). Akatswiri odziwa zambiri ayenera kuwerengera zoopsa ndikuchenjeza kasitomala za izo.
- Kodi tinganene kuti pofika chaka cha 2020 makasitomala a ntchito zothirira ayamba kumvetsetsa mitundu yazida, kuthekera kwamachitidwe ena?
- Zida zothirira za opanga aku Europe ndi America zidayamba kuonekera mdziko lathu zaka 20 zapitazo. Zachidziwikire, panthawiyi anthu adalandila zambiri zamatekinoloje othirira, wina adawona momwe zonse zimagwirira ntchito pazinthu zomwe zilipo kale, wina wapeza kale luso lawo (onse opambana ndipo mwina osachita bwino). Mabizinesi ena azolimo adakwanitsa kuyambitsa ntchito zothirira, kuzichepetsa ndikuzikhazikitsanso kachiwiri (kuchotsa zolakwa zakale).
- Zolakwa zamtundu wanji?
- Pali zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza (kudzera pakuyang'anira kapena chifukwa chofuna kuchepetsa mtengo wake wonse), mapaipi ochepera kuposa omwe amafunikira adayikidwa. Pambuyo kukhazikitsidwa, kunapezeka kuti kunalibe madzi okwanira kuthirira, ndipo gawo lina la zokololazo liyenera kungosiyidwa. Tsoka ilo, "zoperewera" zotere sizingakonzedwe ndikusintha pang'ono.
- Kodi ukadaulo wakuthirira ukupita kuti?
- Opanga zida akugwira ntchito yosavuta moyo wa ogwiritsa ntchito ndikuwongolera zida zawo poyambitsa mitundu ina yazowonjezera.
Mwachitsanzo, chomera cha m'chigwachi chakhala chikupereka njira zothandizira ulimi wothirira pivot ndi "cruise control": chida chapadera chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti makinawo amazungulira mozungulira nthawi yake (osazembera poyima), ndikuwona kuchuluka komwe kwapatsidwa glaze.
Palinso magawo atsopano olamulira omwe amapereka zowunikira ndi kuwongolera zida zamagalimoto kutali. Ogwiritsa ntchito adapatsidwa mwayi wowongolera kutali, kuphatikiza malo opopera.
- Kodi ikufunika?
- Inde, zatsopano zoterezi zimagwira ntchito pamlingo wina watsopano. M'malo mwake, uku ndikupanga digito kuti ulimi ugwire ntchito - tsogolo, lomwe ambiri adalipo kale.
Kukonzanso mwalamulo
Mu 2020, malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russia, ma ruble 8,5 biliyoni adzagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso malo, omwe ndi 10,4% kuposa chaka chapitacho.
Mu 2019, kuchuluka kwa thandizo la boma pansi pa pulogalamu ya dipatimenti "Development of the Land Reclamation Complex of Russia" inakwana ma ruble 5,7, komanso ma ruble 2 biliyoni. adayang'aniridwa pazolinga izi mothandizidwa ndi feduro "Export yaulimi". Mu 2020, ndalama zothandizira ndalama kumaboma akakhazikitsidwe kakhazikitsidwe kandalama pakubwezeretsa nthaka yaulimi zidzafika ku ruble 6,2 biliyoni. ndi ruble 2,3 biliyoni. motsatira.
Kuyambira pa Julayi 30, 2020, olima ku Russia alandila kale ma ruble opitilira 1,862 biliyoni. Zothandizira bajeti pazochitika zobwezeretsa nthaka. Kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka boma pakukonzanso nthaka chaka chino ndikokwera kuposa chaka chatha. Chifukwa chake, kuchokera pamalire apachaka operekedwa ndi bajeti ya feduro, 17,5% adabweretsedwa kwa opanga zaulimi (kuyambira tsiku lomwelo mu 2019 - 7,8%).
Ma ruble 1,496 biliyoni. imagwera pa bajeti yaboma motsogozedwa ndi dipatimenti ya "Development of the reclamation complex of Russia" ndi feduro "Export yaulimi". Ndalama zotsalazo mu kuchuluka kwa RUB 366 miliyoni. - ndalama zamaboma azigawo.
Volga Federal District (41,3%), Northwestern Federal District (38%) ndi Central Federal District (24,6%) pakadali pano ndi atsogoleri potengera kuchuluka kwa kubweretsa thandizo kwa alimi. Agrarians omwe amatsata njira zakukonzanso nthaka m'chigawo cha Novosibirsk adalandira thandizo loyembekezeredwa lonse, kuposa 92% mdera la Saratov, opitilira 90% m'chigawo cha Ulyanovsk.
Pulogalamu yoyeserera boma yothandiza kuti nthaka yolima iziyenda bwino komanso kuti pakhale chitukuko ku Russia kwa 2021-2030, ikukonzekera kuwonjezera dera la malo obwezerezedwanso ndi mahekitala osachepera 1,6 miliyoni mpaka 2018, pomwe anali mahekitala 96,12. Kupanga kwa zinthu zokolola kumayiko otukuka kwa zaka 10 kuyenera kukwera ndi 145% poyerekeza ndi 2018. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa kukhathamira kwa chuma chokhazikika pantchito yaboma kuyenera kutsika kuchoka pa 78% mu 2020 mpaka 49,9% mu 2030.
Ministry of Agriculture ikuyembekeza kuti, chifukwa chakumanga ndi kumanganso malo obwezeretsa nthaka, pofika kumapeto kwa 2030 zitha kuteteza kupezeka kwa mahekitala 3,8 miliyoni a malo obwezerezedwanso, komanso kuteteza mpaka mahekitala 829,3 zikwi kukokoloka kwa madzi, kusefukira kwamadzi ndi kusefukira kwamadzi.
Kutengera ndi zinthu zochokera ku Federal State Budgetary Institution "Center of Agroanalytics"