Nthawi zina panyengo yakukula, alimi a mbatata amayenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni wa mbewu zawo kuti agwiritse ntchito feteleza m'njira yabwino kwambiri.
Chizoloŵezi chodziwika bwino ndicho kutolera masamba a zomera m'munda uliwonse ndikutumiza ku labu kuti akawunike nitrate. M'masiku ochepa, alimi amalandira zotsatira zosonyeza ngati pakufunika feteleza wa nayitrogeni wambiri kapena ngati ntchitoyo ili yabwinobwino. Dongosolo limagwira ntchito, koma izi zitha kufulumizitsa, akuti I. Wang, docent Yunivesite ya Wisconsin-Madison, Dipatimenti ya Horticulture.
"Kusonkhanitsa masamba kumafuna nthawi yambiri ndi khama," akutero Wang.
“Ndipo nthawi zina zotulukapo zake zimakhala zosocheretsa, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa nitrate m’masamba kungakhudzidwe ndi zinthu zambiri, monga nyengo kapena nthawi yotengera zitsanzo. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira zake sizimaganizira za kusiyana kwa malo [zofunika za nayitrogeni] m'mundamo. "
Ndalama za polojekitiyi USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, imaphatikizapo kusonkhanitsa ndi kukonza deta kuchokera ku kamera ya hyperspectral. Imayikidwa pa UAV (ndege yopanda munthu) kapena ndege yotsika pang'ono yomwe imawulukira m'malo a mbatata omwe aphunziridwa.
Gulu la Wang likupanga zitsanzo zamakompyuta kuti zilumikize zithunzi ndi mawonekedwe a nayitrogeni mu nyengo, zokolola, zabwino, komanso kubweza kwachuma kumapeto kwa nyengo.
"Ine ndi antchito anga tikuyembekeza kupanga pulogalamu yapaintaneti yomwe idzasinthe zithunzi za hyperspectral kukhala chidziwitso cha nthawi ndi kuchuluka kwa feteleza kuti alimi athe kupeza phindu lopanda chilengedwe," akutero Wang.
"Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa denga, monga momwe zilili ndi zakudya, kukhalapo ndi kusowa kwa chinyezi kapena matenda, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi maonekedwe a spectral ndipo motero zimatha kuwonetsedwa muzithunzi za hyperspectral," anatero Trevor Crosby, wophunzira womaliza maphunziro ku Wang's. labu.
Pakuuluka kumodzi pamtunda wofufuza wa 70 ndi 150 mita, zithunzi zambiri zitha kusonkhanitsidwa, chilichonse chili ndi mazana amagulu owoneka bwino. Kuti afulumizitse kukonza zithunzi, Wang adalemba ganyu awiri ofunikira. Phil Townsend, Pulofesa wa Forest and Wildlife Ecology, ndi mtsogoleri waukadaulo wozindikira zakutali. Paul Mitchell, Pulofesa ndi Katswiri mu dipatimenti ya zaulimi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito Economics, amafufuza zachuma pomwe makina apakompyuta amapereka malingaliro ogwiritsira ntchito nayitrogeni.
Crosby, motsogola pakuyezera pansi, adasonkhanitsa zidziwitso kuchokera kumasamba ofufuza m'minda pamagawo osiyanasiyana akukula kwa mbatata. Izi zikuphatikizapo tsamba lamasamba, kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'masamba ndi zimayambira, kuchuluka kwa ma tubers ndi kulemera kwa ma tubers, komanso zinthu zachilengedwe monga chinyezi cha nthaka ndi kutentha, ma radiation a dzuwa ndi liwiro la mphepo. Pokolola, imayesa zokolola zonse za tubers ndi kukula kwake.
Crosby ndiye adapanga mitundu yabwino yolumikizira zithunzi za hyperspectral ndi miyeso yoyambira pansi. Cholinga ndikulosera za nayitrogeni wa mbewu munthawi yeniyeni ndikuneneratu zokolola za ma tubers kumapeto kwa nyengo. Pakadali pano, ntchito yakumunda ndi kukonza zithunzi zatha, ndipo Crosby akuyang'ana kwambiri zachitsanzo.
Wang amagawana zambiri za kafukufuku wake ndi alimi a mbatata ndi masamba a boma. Ali ndi ubale wabwino ndi alimi kudera lonselo ndipo ambiri akuyembekezera zotsatira za kafukufuku wake.