Wokondedwa owerenga!
Famu ya Mbewu - "AgroAlliance-NN" (dera la Nizhny Novgorod), wodziwika bwino pakupanga mbatata zamitundu yambiri yaku Europe, ikupitilizabe "Zolemba zake". Nkhani yomwe ili patsamba lino yadzipereka kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yamasika pafamu.
Kirill Kraev, katswiri wa AgroAlliance-NN LLC
KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO ZA MBEU KWA OTSOGOLA. Zovuta ndi ZOSUNGA
Nyengo ya 2019 ya famuyo idayamba ndikutumiza mbewu kwa makasitomala athu. Imodzi mwa zofunsira zoyambirira zidachokera kwa HCH Zadokas, kampani iyi idatiwuza zamtsogolo momwe adzafunikire kuti apeze kuchuluka kwa mbewu za mitundu ina. Chifukwa cha izi, tinatha kupanga ndandanda ya ntchito, ndipo kuchokera mu Okutobala mpaka Epulo zinthu zonse zimatumizidwa motsatana.
Pafupifupi makasitomala ena onse amayesa kuchedwetsa kutumizako mbewu zakutchire mochedwa, pankhaniyi, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo, ngakhale kuti bizinesi yathu yakhala ikugwira ntchito popanda zosokoneza, mizere ikupezeka m'gawo la famuyo. Magalimoto omwe amafika kukalipira adakakamizidwa kuyimirira osagwira ntchito tsiku limodzi, ndipo ena awiri. Panthawi yolemba (Meyi 19, - ed.), Tili ndi kasitomala m'modzi yemwe sanatulutsebe mbewu.
Kutulutsa kwachiwiri komwe kudapangitsa kukambirana pakati pa makasitomala kunali kofanana ndi kufesa kwa mbewu. M'magazini akale a magaziniyi, tanena kale kuti chaka chatha, chifukwa cha nyengo, pafupifupi mitundu yonse idabzala tubers zochepa pachitsamba chilichonse, chifukwa cha momwe mbatata zidakulira kuposa masiku onse (makamaka ndi mulifupi mwa 40-60 mm kapena 40-55 mm). Chifukwa chake, ma tubers a tizigawo tomwe timakonzedwa mu magawo okonzekeretsedwa, ndipo si makasitomala onse omwe anakhutitsidwa ndi izi. Kuti tipewe izi mtsogolo, famuyo inaganiza zogula mzere wowerengera ndi kuwaphika mbatata, zomwe zingatipatseko kugwetsa zigawo za zigawo za 30-45 ndi 45-60 (55) mm.
Mwachidule, tawona kuti, ngakhale panali zovuta zina, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonse zagulitsidwa. Kufanana ndi kutumizirana, kampaniyi inali kukonzekera mwachangu kubzala, idapereka mbewu za mbatata zoberekera zapamwamba (zazikulu-zazikulu ndi osankhika kuchokera kwa oyambitsa), zomwe zibzalidwe kuti zifalitsidwe pansi pa mgwirizano.
Chaka chino, gawo lalikulu la mbewuyo limapangidwa ndi mitundu ya kampani "HP-ZC-Sadokas", yomwe idatipatsa ife zofunikira osati zochokera ku Russia zokha, komanso za ma Dutch (mwachitsanzo, mitundu monga Memphis ndi Sylvanas).
Kusankha KWA NTHAWI YA NTCHITO NDIPONSO ZOSAVUTA
Chaka chino, kasupe mdera la Nizhny Novgorod adaonekera msanga, koma "adatambasula" munthawi yake: masana kutentha kwamlengalenga kudafika 25 ... 27 ° С, ndipo usiku udatsika kwambiri mpaka 0 °, nthawi zina opanda 3 ... 4 °, chifukwa chake nthaka idatenthetsa pang'onopang'ono. Izi zidatilepheretsa kubzala msanga, ngakhale alimi ena a mbatata mdera lathu adayamba kubzala kuyambira Meyi 1. Zokambirana zina "zidalankhula" mokomera masiku amtsogolo, makamaka, kunali kofunikira, ngati kuli kotheka, kuwoneratu momwe kuyeretsa kungakonzedwere. M'dera lathu, Ogasiti nthawi zambiri amakhala otentha kwambiri (kutentha kwapakati pa tsiku kumakhala pamwamba + 25 ° C), pokolola mbatata, zomwe ziyenera kusungidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa Epulo, izi sizomwe zili zoyenera. Chifukwa chake, tidasinthitsa nthawi yobzala kuti tikonzekere zokolola koyambirira kwa Seputembara, pomwe kutentha kocheperako sikudutsa 18 ... 20 ° C.
Tidayamba pa Meyi 9. Pa nthawi yobzala, nthaka m'minda inafunda mpaka 15 ... 17 °, ndipo tinali kale ndi inshuwaransi motsutsana ndi nyengo yozizira yam'masiku, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwera nthawi ya tchuthi cha Meyi.
NJIRA ZOPULUMUTSA MALO OGULITSIRA NTCHITO NDIPONSO KUPEMBEDZA
Pakadali pano, dothi lathu m'minda yathu silinathere (ngakhale sitipanga chimbudzi kuti tisunge chinyontho) ndipo linali ndi chinyezi chokwanira pamasentimita 8-10 kuti timere mbatata.
Kukana kwa kubzala kwa masika kumachitika chifukwa chakuti, malinga ndi zomwe tawona, njirayi imatsogolera osati pakupulumutsa chinyezi m'minda, komanso mapangidwe akunyumba a dothi okhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 30-40 mm. Zida zolimidwa za wobzala zimasunthira izi kumapeto kwa ridu, koma chifukwa cha kuphatikiza pambuyo pake, siziphwanyika. Zotupa zimasungidwa musanayambe kukolola ndikufika ndi zokolola mosungiramo, ndikupangitsa kusanja kukhala kovuta ndikupanga zinthu zina zowonjezera mawotchi kuti ziwonongeke.
Mfundo ina yomwe timayesetsa kusunga tikamabzala ndikukonzekera nthaka ndi magawo pang'ono (monga lamulo, osapitilira mahekitala 1-2).
Njirayi imagwirizananso ndi njira yopulumutsira chinyezi m'minda. Kuphatikiza apo, mwanjira imeneyi timayesetsa kuthana ndi zovuta zakugwa kwamvula yambiri, zomwe zimawonedwa kawiri-kawiri m'dera lathu mkati mwa Meyi. Mvula yamphamvu "yamatope" nthaka yomwe idakonzedwa kale kuti ibzalidwe; nthaka ikauma, kutumphuka kumakhala pansi, komwe kumayeneranso kuwonongedwa ndi mphero. M'malo a mafamu akulu, ndizosatheka kuchita izi, koma popanda ntchitoyi pakukolola, opanga alimi amakumana ndi vuto lomwelo la mapampu.
NKHANI ZA ZOSAVUTA ZAUZIMU
Panthawi yolemba, kubwezeretsa kunatsirizidwa pa 50% ya malowa. Ntchito idamalizidwa ndi mitundu ya Sylvanas, Memphis ndi Colomba.
Kubzala mozama kuchokera pa 6 mpaka 10 cm (chizindikirocho chimatengera mbewu), tidayesetsa kuti timadzi totsegulira tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tikukula kukula kwake, ndipo pamwamba pa wakubyala adapanga dothi lotalika masentimita 12-14. mulingo woyenera kwambiri wopanga mizu yoyambira.
Tisanabzala, tinakwaniritsa zida zathu zodzala ndi ma nozzles, zomwe zimathandiza kuchitira timizimba tija tomwe timayambitsa matenda ambiri pafupifupi pafupifupi 120 l / ha). Chaka chino tidagwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwakukonzekera kwamakono (zigawo zikuluzikulu: azoxystrobin ndi mefenoxam), yopangidwa kuti iteteze mbatata ku muzu, tsinde (muzu) ndi tuber rot.
Sylvanas adabzalidwa koyamba ndipo amakhala ndi nyengo yayitali kuposa mitundu ina yathu. Mukamabzala, magawo otsatirawa adakhazikitsidwa: kubzala kuya kuyambira 6 mpaka 9 cm (poganizira momwe zinthu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito), kubzala kachulukidwe - kuyambira 47 mpaka 000 tubers / ha, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi malingaliro amakampani "HZ-P-Si Sadokas" ...
Chotsatira chodzalidwa chinali mitundu ya Memphis. Mukamabzala, magawo otsatirawa adakhazikitsidwa: kubzala kuya 6-9 cm, kubzala kachulukidwe - kuyambira 50 mpaka 000 tubers / ha.
Kenako tidabzala mbatata zamtundu wa Kolomba, kuchuluka kwa kubzala kumakhala pakati pa 50 mpaka 000 tubers / ha, kuya kwake kunasiyana pakati pa 66 mpaka 000 cm.
Popeza minda ya famu yathu imasiyana mdera losasinthika komanso mawonekedwe osakhazikika, timabzala mahekitala 6 mpaka 9 patsiku, kutengera kusintha kwa mitundu ndi kutalika kwa malo. Pakadali pano, ntchito ikupitilidwa kubzala mbatata za Red Scarlett.
Tilankhula za momwe mbewu zidzakhalire ndipo nyengo idzakhazikika mu magazini yotsatira ya Potato System.