Kupezeka kosayembekezereka kuchokera ku kafukufuku watsopano wowona zowononga tizilombo ndi matenda m'minda ya anyezi yamalonda ya New York City kudzalola alimi a boma kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira mankhwala popanda kusokoneza mbewu, malinga ndi portal. phys.org.
Kafukufuku wa asayansi ku Cornell Agriturismo Tech ndipo posachedwapa lofalitsidwa m'magazini Agronomyanasonyeza kuti pokumana ndi malire oti adziŵe nthawi yoti agwiritse ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuti awononge tizilombo towononga mbewu—alimi anapoperapo mankhwala opopera 2,3 ochepa pa nyengo iliyonse, kusunga kukolola kwa babu ndi kukula kwake. Mtengo wocheperako ndi kuchuluka kwa tizirombo mu mbewu, zomwe zimafunikira njira zopewera kuchuluka kwa ziwerengero zomwe zingabweretse kuwonongeka kwachuma.
Zotsatira za mayeso a m’munda kwa zaka zoposa zitatu zasonyezanso kuti alimi angagwiritse ntchito feteleza wochepera 50-100% popanda kusokoneza zokolola.
"Magawo opanda feteleza anali ofanana [poyerekeza ndi ziwembu zodzaza kapena theka]," adatero Max Torrey '13, yemwe famu yake ya banja la 12th ku Elba, NY, inali chiwembu choyesera pa kafukufukuyu. "Anthu anali okayikira, koma izi zimatipatsa chidaliro chochulukirapo."
Kulima anyezi kumadera akumadzulo kwa New York kumafuna kulimidwa mozama ndipo kumadalira kwambiri feteleza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Amachitidwanso pa dothi ladambo lokhalokha. Alimi aku New York amalima pafupifupi maekala 7000 a anyezi pa manyowa.
Anyezi ndi chakudya chofunikira kwambiri ndipo ndi chakudya chachinayi chomwe chimadyedwa kwambiri ku US pambuyo pa mbatata, tomato ndi chimanga chotsekemera. Olima mbewu imeneyi ku New York City ali ndi mwayi wowonjezereka wokhala pafupi ndi misika ikuluikulu ya ku East Coast. Koma matenda ndi tizirombo, makamaka anyezi thrips, zimakhudza kwambiri phindu la alimi a anyezi.
Anyezi thrips, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timadya anyezi, takhala pa radar ya Brian Nault kwa zaka zambiri. Nault, mlembi wamkulu wa kafukufuku ndi pulofesa wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ku Cornell Agriturismo Tech, adati alimi adalira mapulogalamu ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizirombo mlungu uliwonse kuti athe kuwononga thrips. Kenako, chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, ma thrips adayamba kukana mankhwala ophera tizilombo, popeza mibadwo isanu mpaka isanu ndi itatu ya tizilombo imatha kupangidwa chaka chimodzi. Thrips amafalitsanso kachilombo komwe kamatha kupha mbewu ndikufalitsa mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa kuvunda kwa babu.
Pofuna kuthandiza kuti mankhwala ophera tizirombo agwire bwino ntchito, Nault anawerengetsera malire ake kuti alimi a anyezi ku New York azitha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pakafunika kutero.
"Chomwe alimi amagwiritsira ntchito njira #1 ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo," akutero Nault. - Wotsatira watsopano, wabwino wothandizila mankhwala mwina sangawonekere mpaka 2025. Ndipo tiyenera kuchitapo kanthu tsopano. ”
Mu kafukufuku wawo watsopano, Nault ndi Carly Regan adafuna kupititsa patsogolo njira yophatikizira kasamalidwe ka anyezi thrips. Iwo ankadziwa kuti alimi amene anapitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito mlungu ndi mlungu kupopera mapulogalamu m'malo modutsa malire anali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, kuonjezera mwayi kukana kukula. Koma Nault idapezanso zotsatira za kafukufuku zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumatha kuchepetsa tizirombo pa mbewu zina. Anawonjezeranso izi m'mayesero oyesera.
Nault ndi anzake omwe ankakula anadabwa kupeza kuti kuchuluka kwa feteleza omwe amaikidwa pobzala sikunakhudze kuchuluka kwa ma thrips, kuvunda, kapena kukula kwa babu ndi zokolola.
"Sitinayembekezere izi, koma zili ndi mphamvu zambiri," adatero Nault. "Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza polima malonda ndikwabwino kwa chilengedwe m'njira zambiri."
Nault akukhulupirira kuti ngati alimi onse a anyezi ku New York atagwiritsa ntchito malire, awona ndalama zokwana $420 pachaka zowononga mankhwala ophera tizilombo.