Mbewu zaulimi nthawi zambiri zimakumana ndi zovuta zachilengedwe. M'malo mogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti ikule, zinthu monga matenda, kutentha kwambiri ndi dothi lamchere zimakakamiza zomera kuti zigwiritse ntchito pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto omwe amabwera. Chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa "kugulitsana pakati pa kuyankha kwa kukula ndi kupsinjika maganizo."
Gulu la ofufuza ochokera ku yunivesite ya Nagoya lapeza njira yodziwikiratu kuti chomera chimagwiritsa ntchito chuma chake kuti chikule kapena kuthana ndi nkhawa. Tsamba la Phys.org. Kupeza uku kungathe kulola kuwongolera kuyankha kwamavuto muzaulimi, ndikuwonjezera zokolola zawo. Asayansi adasindikiza zotsatira zawo m'magaziniyi Science.
Gulu lofufuza, lotsogozedwa ndi Pulofesa Yoshikatsu Matsubayashi ndi Pulofesa Wothandizira Mari Ohnishi ochokera ku Nagoya University Graduate School of Life Sciences ku Japan, adaphunzira ntchito ya mahomoni ndi zolandilira zawo pakuyankha kwa mbewu kupsinjika.
Iwo adayang'ana pa ma receptor atatu omwe mahomoni ofananira anali asanadziwike. Pogwiritsa ntchito Arabidopsis thaliana, chomera chaching'ono chamaluwa, adapeza banja la PSY lomwe limagwira ntchito ngati mahomoni, kumangiriza ku zolandilira izi ndikusinthira kupsinjika kwakukula komanso mosiyana.
Nthawi zambiri, zolandilira ndi mahomoni amagwira ntchito ngati maloko ndi makiyi, ndi timadzi (pankhaniyi, peptide PSY) imagwira ntchito ngati kiyi yofunikira kuti ayambitse njira yachilengedwe. Komabe, mu phunziro ili, maselo a zomera omwe sanapange PSY komabe anali ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito yopanikizika. Chifukwa chake, izi zikuwonetsa kuti m'malo moyambitsa kuyankha kupsinjika, kupezeka kwa "kiyi" ya PSY mu "lock" yolandirira kumalepheretsa.
Pofuna kuyesa momwe mayankhidwe a kupsinjika maganizo amachitira, ochita kafukufukuwo adalima zomera pansi pa zovuta kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha, mchere, ndi kuzipatsira mabakiteriya. Zomera zomwe mwina zinali zoperewera mu PSY zolandilira kapena kulandira nthawi zonse mahomoni a PSY zidalephera kuyankha mokwanira kupsinjika, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti moyo ukhale wocheperako. Asayansiwo adatsimikiza kuti zomera zomwe zimatsindika zimasiya kupanga PSY, kusakhalapo komwe kumayambitsa kupsinjika maganizo.
Kuti afotokoze chodabwitsa ichi, ofufuzawo adakonza njira yomwe maselo owonongeka amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a PSY m'maselo omwe ali pafupi ndi malo owonongeka. Kusowa kwa PSY kumeneku kumayambitsa kuyankha kwa nkhawa. Chofunika kwambiri, izi zikhoza kufotokoza chifukwa chake ngakhale zomera zowonongeka zimatha kutumiza mauthenga.
M'malo mogwiritsa ntchito chuma chake chochepa kuti apange chizindikiro chatsopano, selo lowonongeka la chomera lingathe kuletsa kutulutsidwa kwa hormone ya PSY, kuyambitsa kuyankha kwachisokonezo. Njira yotereyi ingapangitse kuti zikhale zotheka kugwirizanitsa kusagwirizana ndi kupsinjika maganizo ndi ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chotsatira chake, ngakhale pansi pa mikhalidwe yodetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri ya chilengedwe, zomera zimathabe kukula mwa kusamalira chuma chawo chochepa.
Njira zambiri zomwe zimapezeka mu Arabidopsis zimapezekanso muzomera zina. Choncho, zotsatirazi zikugwira ntchito kwa zikhalidwe zonse.