Patsiku lomaliza la Januware, msonkhano wa All-Russian Agronomic unachitika ku Moscow, omwe onse anali nthumwi za ntchito zakuthambo, maofesi am'madera ndi madipatimenti azaulimi, atsogoleri a mabungwe azaulimi. Misonkhanoyi pachikhalidwe idakhudzana ndi zovuta za nyengo yayandikira ndipo adafotokoza zolinga zamtsogolo.
Mwachidule za mbiri
Minister of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, Alexander Tkachev, yemwe adatsegulira msonkhanowu, adayankhula mwachidule zotsatira za chaka chatha ndikukumbukira zomwe zidachitika munthawi yake: mu 2017, matani 134 miliyoni a tirigu anasonkhanitsidwa; Matani 3,6 miliyoni a soya; Matani 1,5 miliyoni achiwawa (50% kuposa mu 2016). Opanga ndiwo zamasamba obiriwira zakwanira bwino (kuwonjezeka kwa 34% m'zaka ziwiri), ntchito yayikulu ikuchitika mdzikoli kukhazikitsa minda (mahekala 1000 amawonjezeredwa chaka chilichonse).
Soy ndi canola
Ponena za mbewuzo, Minister of Agriculture adazitcha kuti zikungowonjezera, koma ndizofunikira ku Russia. Kuyambira chiyambi cha 2000s, malo obzala nyemba za soya mdziko muno awonjezeka pafupifupi kasanu ndi kamodzi - mpaka mahekitala 2,6 miliyoni. Koma mavoliyumu akukhalabe osakwanira: timaitanitsa matani oposa 2,5 miliyoni a soya chaka chilichonse.
Nthawi yomweyo, chikhalidwechi chimakhalabe chimodzi mwazitali kwambiri. Zomwezo ndizofanana ndi kugwiriridwa: malo obzalidwa ndi ochepera mahekitala 1 miliyoni, kulowetsedwa kwa rapeseed (kuphatikiza mbewu) kumakhala matani opitilira 20 miliyoni pachaka, ndikulowetsa mafuta obedwa ndi matani 8 miliyoni. Zomwe zilipo pakadali pano zimathandizira kukulitsa ntchito ya omwe amapangidwirako kawiri kapena katatu. A Alexander Tkachev adapempha madera onse omwe ali ndi mwayi wolima nyemba za soya komanso kugwiriridwa kuti azisamalira kwambiri mbewuzo.
Zokambirana za soya zidapitilizidwa ndi a Salis Karakotov, Director General wa Shchelkovo Agrokhim. M'mawu ake, adatsimikiza zakufunika kogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo waulimi polima mbewu. Malinga ndi S. Karakotov, tsopano mapuloteni omwe amapezeka mu soya zaku Russia amakhalabe pamlingo wa 28-32%, pomwe padziko lapansi mankhwala omwe ali ndi mapuloteni osachepera 40% amafunidwa. Wabizinesiyo adatinso zakubala kwa opanga ma soya aku Russia pankhani yazokolola. "Ndikofunika kukwaniritsa zokolola za 2 t / ha, ndiye kuti phindu lidzakhala pafupi ndi 100%," atero wamkulu wa Shchelkovo Agrokhim.
Lonje ndi thonje
Zokambirana pamsonkhano wa All-Russian Agronomic Conference zidakhudzanso kulima miyambo yachikhalidwe yaku Russia - fulakesi ndi yatsopano - thonje.
A Petr Chekmarev, Woyang'anira Dipatimenti Yolima Zomera, Makina, Kupanga Mankhwala ndi Kuteteza Mbewu ku Unduna wa zaulimi ku Russia, adalankhula za njira zatsopano zothandizira zomwe zikukonzedwa masiku ano pakukula kwa fulakesi. Makamaka, akukonzekera kukhazikitsa 20% ya chipukuta misozi pomanga mafakitare a mbewu ndi 50% - pomanga mafakitole oyendetsera fakisi. Malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, chaka chamawa kupanga fulakesi kuyenera pafupifupi kawiri poyerekeza ndi zotsatira za nyengo ya 2017.
Koma kupanga thonje ku Russia kumangoyamba. Kufunika kokulima mbewuyi, malinga ndi a Petr Chekmarev, ndichifukwa choti wogulitsa thonje wamkulu mdzikolo - Uzbekistan - akugwira ntchito yomanga zokolola ndi kukonza zopitiliza kugulitsa zokhazokha zakunja, motero, mafakitale angapo ku Russia angakumane nawo kusowa kwa zopangira.
Mu 2018, mahekala pafupifupi 1000 adzagawidwa thonje (m'malo a Astrakhan ndi Volgograd). Kutsogololi, malowa awonjezereka: malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russia, mdziko lathu muli zigawo zokwanira (mahekala 200) zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulima thonje.
Mbatata ndi masamba
Mu 2018, malinga ndi malingaliro a Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, mbatata zidzaikidwa m'dera la mahekitala 1,27 miliyoni (ndizosinthidwa kutengera zotsatira za kalembera wa zaulimi wa 2016), womwe ndi wocheperako pang'ono chaka chatha. A Petr Chekmarev adatsimikiza zakufunika kwa kusunga zizindikirazi, apo ayi dzikolo litha kukumana ndi kufunika kowonjezera kutuluka kwa malonda.
Kuwonetseratu komwe kudzafesa mbewu zamasamba kudzakhalabe pamlingo womwewo - mahekitala 653,9 (mu 2017 anali mahekitala 647,6).
Feteleza
Malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russian Federation, palibe kuchepa kwa feteleza wa mchere, komanso kukwera mitengo kwa iwo ku Russia kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2018. Pafupifupi matani 393 azinthu kale ali mnyumba zosungiramo alimi omwe amalima.
Mwa zina zabwino za nyengoyi, malinga ndi a Igor Kaluzhsky, Wapampando wa Russian Association of Feteleza Opanga, titha kudziwa kuchepa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito nitrate ndikuwonjezera kumwa kwa urea ndi urea-ammonium kusakaniza, komwe mosakayikira kukhale ndi phindu pazabwino zazinthu zomwe zakula.
Njira zothandizira
Chaka chino, ma ruble 11,34 biliyoni adapangidwa kuchokera ku ndalama yachuma kuti athandize alimi (zandalama zothandizira othandizira alimi pantchito zachuma). Mpaka pano, ma ruble 2 biliyoni. Thandizo losagwirizana lidalumikizidwa kale kwa alimi.
Kupitilira ma ruble 13 biliyoni anapatsidwa ngongole zazifupi (pamlingo wosaposa 5%), zomwe zimalola alimi kukopa ndalama zoposa ma ruble 230 biliyoni za ngongole. Ndalamazi, molingana ndi kuwerengetsa kwa Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russian Federation, ziyenera kuthana ndi 2/3 za zosowa za omwe akupanga ulimi kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ndalama zobwereka pokonzekera kufesa.
Mwambiri, ndalama zamakampani zimakonzedwa kuti zizisungidwa pamlingo wotsika poyerekeza ndi chaka chapitacho.
Zotsatira zakuwerenga kwaulimi kwa 2016
Konstantin Laykam, Wachiwiri kwa Mtsogoleri wa Federal State Statistics Service, adafotokozera mwachidule omwe atenga nawo mbali pamsonkhanowu pazotsatira zoyambirira za Kalasi ya Zachikhalidwe Zonse za Russia ya 2016, ndikuwonetsa ziwonetsero zazikulu kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, adanenanso kuti pazaka khumi kuyambira polemba anthu zaulimi mu 2006, kuchuluka kwa mabungwe azomangamanga ku Russia atsika ndi 40%, kuchuluka kwa minda kwatsika ndi 46%.
Zowona, kuchuluka kwa amalonda azamalimi adakulitsa (pofika 19%). Nthawi yomweyo, a K. Laikam adatsimikiza kuti izi sizingafanane ndi pafupifupi theka la mabungwe alimi omwe alipo kale, pafupifupi mafamu aliwonse atatu azilima, kwenikweni sachita ntchito zawo, ndipo m'maboma 25 oposa theka la alimi adalembedwa pamapepala okha.
Kuwerengera kunawonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu kwa opanga zaulimi: gawo lama bizinesi akuluakulu omwe ali ndi mbewu yopanda mahekala 2,5 inachulukitsa nthawi 10 (5% ya mabungwe awa ndi 35% ya malo omwe amafesedwa).
Madera onse azilimidwe m'mafamu a mitundu yonse adatsika m'zaka khumi zapitazo ndi mahekitala 24 miliyoni (14%) ndipo tsopano ndi mahekitala 142 miliyoni, koma dera lamapulogalamu lomwe lidagwiritsidwapo ntchito latsala pang'ono kufanana ndi kale. Izi zidachitika chifukwa madera osalima minda osagwiritsidwa ntchito adatsika ndi 57%.
Dera lonse lofesedwa lidakwera ndi 6% (mahekitala 4,5 miliyoni) ndikufikira mahekitala 79 miliyoni. Kukula kwakubzala kudachitika chifukwa cha minda ya anthu wamba komanso amalonda ena, omwe adakulitsa malo omwe anafesa ndi 70% (mahekitala 9 miliyoni). Magulu ena opanga alimi achepetsa mbewu zawo, kuphatikiza mabungwe azolimo - ndi mahekitala 4 miliyoni (7%).
Kuwerengera kumeneku kunalemba kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ogwira ntchito zaulimi. M'mabungwe azolimo, kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito kudatsika kupitirira theka, m'mafamu - 40%, komanso mwa amalonda - 20%.
Zotsatira zomaliza zowerengera anthu zaulimi mu 2016 zidzasindikizidwa chaka chino, zimapezeka patsamba lovomerezeka: www.vshp2016.ru
Zonenedweratu zamtengo wa 2018
Monga a Dmitry Rylko, Director General wa Institute for Agricultural Market Study (IKAR), adanenanso, pofotokoza mwachidule zotsatira za 2017 ndikuwunikira zomwe zachitika pakukula kwa tirigu: "Kukolola kwakukulu - mavuto akulu, kukolola kwakukulu - mavuto akulu".
Komabe, poganiza zamitengo yambewu zaku Russia kumapeto kwa 2018, wowunikirayo anali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu (kulosera kwa IKAR kuli pafupifupi $ 200 pa tani, mwachitsanzo, yokwera pang'ono kuposa mu 2017). D. Rylko adazindikira kuti chaka chino dzikolo lidakwanitsa kuchita bwino kwambiri potumiza tirigu kunja, zomwe zimapereka chiyembekezo chotsika kwa nkhokwe kumapeto kwa chaka.
IKAR idanenanso za kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo wa mpendadzuwa m'chigawo chachiwiri cha chaka cha 2018 (mu 2017, zokolola sizinali zapamwamba, koma pofika pano, mtengo wazogulitsa udakali wotsika kwambiri, chifukwa akadali ndi mafuta omwe amapangidwa pamsika watha).
Mosamala, wofufuzayo amalangizidwa kuti agwirizane ndi momwe zinthu ziliri mumsika wa shuga. Kuchokera pakuwona kwa ICAR, ziyembekezo zotumiza kunja sizinakhale zopatsa chidwi kwenikweni. Chaka chino, gawo lalikulu la shuga ku Russia linaperekedwa ku Uzbekistan, koma izi sizingatchulidwe kuti ndizokhazikika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti popanda kukwaniritsa mgwirizano waukulu wogulitsa shuga kunja ", dziko siliyenera kufulumira kupanga shuga.
Zilinso zovuta kwambiri momwe zinthu zilili ndi buckwheat. Mtengo wake unagwera pamlingo wa tirigu, omwe, malinga ndi D. Rylko, sanali akale kwambiri. Katswiriyu adafotokozera nkhawa zawo kuti ngati mu 2018 mbewu ya buckwheat ilinso yayikulu ndipo mitengoyo ndiyotsika, mu 2019 alimi angachotse mbewuyi kwathunthu.
Mapulani ndi ziyembekezo
Malinga ndi mapulani a Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russia Federation, mu 2018, malo omwe afesedwa mdzikolo adzakhala mahekitala 80 miliyoni, omwe mahekitala 53 miliyoni adzagawidwa pofesa masika. Akuti akuwonjezera malo olimirana soya, kugwiriridwa, fulakesi, barele ndi forage mbewu; Kuchepetsa madera mpendadzuwa (mpaka mahekitala 7,5 miliyoni) ndi beets (mpaka mahekitala 1,1 miliyoni). Russia ikuyembekezeranso zokolola zabwino kwambiri ndipo sipakana kuima pazomwe zalembedwa.
Malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russia Federation Alexander Tkachev: "Tili ndi chiyembekezo chamtsogolo, ntchito yolowetsa zinthuzi ikupitirirabe, ofufuza a Sberbank akukhulupirira kuti mchaka cha 2018 malo ogulitsa mafakitale aku Russia atha kukwaniritsa zomwe sizinachitike zaka makumi ambiri ndikupezanso mwayi wokhala wogulitsa chakudya . Makampaniwa ali ndi zinthu zambiri komanso zotheka kupititsa patsogolo ntchito. ”