Zomera zopangira mbatata ziyenera kumangidwa m'chigawo cha Amur. "Chips, flakes, wowuma, chifukwa muli ndi msika waukulu wogulitsa kumtsinje wa Amur - China," akutero Sergey Lupekhin, wolima mbatata wamkulu mdziko muno. Pamodzi ndi nthumwi za Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russian Federation, adaphunzira kuthekera kwa alimi a Amur kwa masiku angapo ndipo ali ndi chidaliro pa kuthekera kwa derali m'gawo la mbatata ndi masamba. Bwanamkubwa Vasily Orlov adanena kuti: ngati alimi ali ndi chidwi ndi ndondomekoyi, derali lidzaganizira za njira zothandizira boma. Chifukwa chiyani ma fries aku France amapangidwa kuchokera kumitundu yapadera, chifukwa chake dera la Amur limatulutsa wowuma, ndi mbatata yamtundu wanji yomwe ili yabwino patebulo ndi munda - Amurskaya Pravda adapeza.
Mbewu zokhala ndi mawonedwe otumizidwa kunja
Dera la Amur lakhala likulankhula za momwe angalimbikitsire alimi kuti azilima osati soya okha, komanso mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Pofuna "kunyengerera" alimi, akuluakulu a chigawo amapereka chithandizo - mwachitsanzo, malipiro opangira malo osungirako zamakono, malipiro owonjezera pa hekitala yatsopano ya mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Pali zotsatira - chaka chino kukolola mbatata kwakula kwambiri poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha. Koma pali zovuta za kupambana uku - ndi zopereka zazikulu, malinga ndi lamulo la msika, mtengo wa kupanga umachepa. Wogula amasangalala, koma mlimi sasangalala kwambiri. Si chinsinsi kuti mafamu amafuna kupeza ndalama, choncho nthawi zambiri amagwedeza manja awo pa mbatata, osalandira zomwe akuyembekezera.
Komabe, kufika kwa nthumwi za Unduna wa Zaulimi wa Chitaganya cha Russia chinakhala ngati chosangalatsa kwa alimi ambiri m’derali. Choyamba, chifukwa, pamodzi ndi akuluakulu, tcheyamani wa Union of Potato ndi Vegetable Market Participants Sergey Lupekhin analankhula ndi alimi. Sergey Nikolayevich akukhulupirira kuti dera la Amur lili ndi zonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulima mbatata kukhale kopindulitsa.
Iye mwini ndi wamalonda - ntchito yake yaikulu yaulimi imaphatikizapo mabizinesi angapo m'madera a Moscow ndi Tula, kuphatikizapo kukonza - chomera chopangira tchipisi kuchokera ku mbatata yake yomwe wakula.
- Ndili ndi mahekitala 6 a mbatata ndi mahekitala oposa 1 a masamba a borscht. Ponseponse, tili ndi malo okwana mahekitala 000. Ndidatsogolera mgwirizanowu, womwe unapangidwa zaka 40 zapitazo, kuti ndikhazikitse kulumikizana pakati pa boma ndi bizinesi. Ndipo panthawiyi tinatha kuthetsa nkhani zambiri, - akuti wamkulu wa mbatata wa dziko.
Mbewu zimabzalidwa mu chubu choyesera
Mavuto akulu omwe alimi onse amakumana nawo mbali iyi ndi ofanana kumadzulo kwa dziko komanso mdziko lathu. Chimodzi mwa zovuta ndi mbewu. Kwa Chigawo cha Amur (ndi ku Far East konse), uwu ndi mutu wamtengo wapatali, popeza zinthuzo ziyenera kutengedwa kuchokera kumadzulo kwa dzikolo. Malinga ndi Union of Potato and Vegetable Market Participants, mwa matani 800 a mbewu za mbatata mdziko muno, zochuluka ndi zapakhomo, matani opitilira 10 akuchokera kunja. Amabweretsa m'dzikoli, makamaka, machubu oyesera ndi zinthu zomwe zimafalitsidwa, ndipo zimakhala mbewu zaka 3-5.
Mu 2014, poyankha zilango, Russia idaletsa kuitanitsa mitundu ina ya zinthu, kuphatikiza mbatata, kuchokera kumayiko angapo. Izi zinalimbikitsa kupanga kwawo, akutero Sergei Lupekhin, wapampando wa Union of Potato and Vegetable Market Participants.
- Palibe chomwe chimachitika mwachangu, ngati tikulankhula zakukula kwa mbatata kudera la Amur, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kupanga zida zonse. Ndipo koposa zonse, izi ndi chilengedwe cha mbewu zakuthupi - anati SERGEY Lupekhin. “Tsopano mayendedwe ndi ovuta. Ndikofunikira kuti kutulutsa mbatata pamalowo kuchokera ku chubu choyesera kupita ku "elite" kulinganizidwa kuti agulitse kwa alimi am'deralo. Choncho, tidzachepetsa mtengo wa mbewu, - wolima mbatata anafotokoza masomphenya ake. - Ndiko kuti, muyenera kuyamba ndi polojekiti ya mbewu, ndiye muyenera kupanga dziwe la alimi omwe ali okonzeka kulima mitundu ina ya mbatata, ndipo zonse ziyenera kutha ndi kukonza. Bizinesi iyenera kuwonekera m'dera lomwe limatulutsa wowuma, tchipisi ta mbatata, chimanga. China ili pafupi - ndi msika waukulu wogulitsa, ndipo ikufunika zinthu zamtundu waku Russia. Zimafunika Investor, osati mmodzi yekha. Kutalika kwa dongosololi ndi zaka 5-7. Ndipo muyenera kuyamba tsopano. Kukonza mbatata ndi ulalo wofooka m'dziko lathu, popeza pafupifupi chilichonse chinabwera kwa ife kuchokera kunja. Ndipo gawo ili likufunika kutukuka.
Dyetsani dziko ndi mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba
Chaka chino, Chigawo cha Amur, monga dziko lonselo, chapatsidwa ntchito yokulitsa kupanga mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba. M'malo mwa Wapampando wa Boma la Russian Federation Mikhail Mushustin, Unduna wa Zaulimi wa Federal wapanga ntchito yofananira ya 2023-2025. Zimaphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira anthu omwe amalima mbatata ndi masamba kutchire. Mtsogoleri wa Dipatimenti Yopanga Zokolola, Mechanization, Chemicalization and Plant Protection ya Ministry of Agriculture ya Russian Federation Roman Nekrasov adauza opanga Amur za izi.
"China ili pafupi - ndi msika waukulu wogulitsa, ndipo ikufunika zinthu zabwino zaku Russia. Bizinesi iyenera kuwonekera m'dera lomwe limatulutsa wowuma, tchipisi ta mbatata, ma flakes. "
- Russia iyenera kudzidyetsa yokha ndi mbatata zatsopano, masamba okoma komanso otsika mtengo - malangizo otere adaperekedwa ndi Purezidenti wa Boma la Russian Federation. Ndipo Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russia wapanga pulojekiti ya boma yomwe iyamba kugwira ntchito chaka chamawa,” adatero Roman Vladimirovich. - Vuto lalikulu kwambiri pakukula kwa mbatata lili ku Far Eastern Federal District. Ntchito yomwe ili patsogolo ndikutsatira malangizo a boma ndikupangitsa kuti chikalata chatsopanocho chigwire ntchito. Zimapereka ndalama zowonjezera kumadera a Far East, ntchito zonse zopangira mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba pamalo otseguka zidzapita ndi ziwiri - ndiye kuti, zidzawonjezeka kawiri poyerekeza ndi dziko lonse. Tikuwona kale kuchokera ku bajeti ya federal kuti ndalama zawonjezeka ndi 30 peresenti. Ndipo ndalamazi zidzapita kukukula kwa mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti tiyenera kuganizira momwe tingathandizire opanga.
"Tsopano titha kuthandiza magulu akuluakulu"
Malinga ndi woimira Unduna wa Zaulimi, pankhani ya thandizo kuchokera ku federal Center, pali zosintha zingapo.
- M'mbuyomu, thandizo lidaperekedwa kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono okha, tsopano titha kuthandizira zazikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo wamitengo yosungiramo nyumba zosungirako zawonjezeka kufika pa 25 peresenti (inali 20 peresenti), mndandanda wa Roman Nekrasov. - Chaka chino, kusankha kunachitika, ndipo zinthu zambiri zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira izi. Timamvetsetsa zomwe mlimi amapeza akakwanitsa kusunga. Kuonjezera apo, tsopano anthu omwe akuyendetsa ziwembu zapakhomo adzatha kulandira ndalama za bajeti ngati atalembedwa ngati odzilemba okha.
Kupanga mbewu kudzathandizidwa mosiyana.
- Ngati malo athu apangidwa, tidzabwezera 50 peresenti ya zomangamanga (tsopano ndi 25 peresenti). Tikukhulupirira kuti izi ndizofunikira kwambiri ku mbatata - ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri kunyamula mbewu kuchokera kumadzulo kwa Russia kupita ku Chigawo cha Amur, tikukhulupirira kuti njira ichitika ndipo malo oterowo akonzedwa m'derali, Nekrasov amawerengera. - Kusintha kwina kukukhudza kubwezeredwa kwa nthaka - tsopano ntchito zamasamba ndi mbatata zimayikidwa patsogolo pakusankhidwa kwa njira zothandizira boma.
40 zikwi matani mbatata pachaka
Potengera ntchito zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa, akatswiriwo adawerengera zolinga zomaliza za polojekitiyi. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russian Federation, pofika chaka cha 2030 kupanga mbatata ku Far East Federal District kuyenera kuwonjezeka mpaka matani 275 (tsopano ndi 211), ndi masamba - mpaka matani 152 (tsopano - 105 zikwi).
Ponena za Chigawo cha Amur, dongosolo lake la chaka ndi mpaka matani 40 a mbatata (mu 2022 adakolola matani 30) ndi matani 21 a masamba (pafupifupi matani 9 adakula chaka chino).
Mu 2023, akukonzekera kugawa ma ruble 27 miliyoni a ndalama za federal kudera la Amur, malinga ndi chikalatacho. Ndalamazi sizikuphatikiza ntchito zomanga malo atsopano osungiramo mbewu ndi malo obzala mbewu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, dera linasankha "chisankho chonse" - ndiko kuti, njira iliyonse mu polojekitiyi idzalandira chithandizo ngati pali omwe akufuna kubweretsa malingaliro kumoyo.
Tiyenera kugwirizana
Boma la Amur lili ndi chidaliro kuti kuwonjezera kupanga mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba, komanso ntchito zopangira molimba mtima, kuli m'manja mwa chigawochi, koma kuyesetsa kwapamodzi ndikofunikira.
- Tikufuna kupeza ndalama - tiyenera kuganizira za kukonza. Koma tikabalalika, sipadzakhala chuma chabwinobwino, "atero a Oleg Turkov, Wachiwiri kwa Wapampando wa Boma lachigawo, Minister of Agriculture of the Amur Region. - Ndikudziwa mapurosesa aakulu kwambiri, ndipo pali mapulani omanga bizinesi m'dziko lathu lofanana ndi chomera ku Lipetsk, chomwe chimapereka mbatata ku Vkusno - ndipo ndiye maukonde. Cholinga cha bizinesi yamtsogolo ndikudyetsa Southeast Asia. Msika ndi waukulu. Pali Investor enieni, akufuna kuyesa momwe mbatata zimakulira m'dziko lathu, chaka chamawa - izi ndi pafupifupi mahekitala 7 a mbatata. Zolinga zimenezi anakambitsirana ndi bwanamkubwa, ndipo iye akuwachirikiza. Ngati tigwiritsa ntchito, zonse zikhala zovuta.
"Ndi bungwe loyenera, nonse ndinu mafumu a mbatata amtsogolo," Sergey Lupekhin nthabwala, polankhula ndi alimi.
Ndine wokonzeka kutenga nawo mbali mothandizidwa komanso ndi ruble mumapulojekiti olimba mtima komanso wolima mbatata wamkulu mdziko muno.
"Ndi bungwe loyenera, nonse ndinu mafumu a mbatata amtsogolo," Sergey Lupekhin nthabwala, polankhula ndi alimi. - Tonse timakhala ndi moyo lero, koma kukonzekera ndikofunikira. Ngati pali kupanga kochepa, mwachitsanzo, wowuma, mlimi adzadziwa kuti ali ndi penapake kuti agulitse zinthu zowonjezera, izi zidzachotsa mantha. Izi sizili ndalama zazikulu ngati aliyense agwirizana, ndipo ndine wokonzeka kutenga nawo mbali. Ngati tikukamba za malonda mu ma netiweki, muyenera kukumana ndikukambirana momwe mumapereka mbatata zogulitsa. Kenako muyenera kugula zida zonyamulira, kapena kupanga mgwirizano wakusanja ndi kulongedza. Muyenera kuphunzira kukhala limodzi, ngati mukufuna munthu amene kulimbikitsa ubwenzi - Ndine wokonzeka. Mutha kupanga mgwirizano wachigawo kapena gulu la olima mbatata mderali. Ndine wokonzeka kusonyeza momwe zimagwirira ntchito - ndikuyembekezera ulendo wanga, - wolima mbatata wodziwa bwino anatenga ng'ombe ndi nyanga.
Tengani timitengo tating'ono kuchokera kwa oyandikana nawo
Aleksey Yemelyanov, mkulu wa Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Far East yotchedwa A.K. Chaika, anaperekanso lingaliro kwa opanga Amur kuti agwirizane ndi kuthetsa mavuto pamodzi. Malo omwe ali ku Primorye akugwira ntchito yoweta, kuphatikizapo mbatata.
M'mawu osavuta, kufalitsa mbatata kumapita motere: ma microtuber amabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo mini-tubers amapezeka kale pakukolola. Amabzalidwa m'munda, kukolola koyamba ndi "wapamwamba-osankhika". Patatha chaka chimodzi, amapeza "wapamwamba-osankhika", ndiye "osankhika", pambuyo pake - kubereka koyamba ndi kubereka kwachiwiri. Monga akatswiri akufotokozera, pogula mbewu za mbatata "superelite" ndi "elite", ndizotheka kupatsa chuma ndi mbewu zaka zingapo zikubwerazi.
Mbatata ndi mbewu yapadera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito osati chakudya chokha, komanso popanga mafuta, kusokera komanso kupanga mankhwala. Ndipo ndi katundu wongogulitsa kunja. Msika wapadziko lonse wa zokazinga za ku France nthawi zonse sufika pakufunika, ndipo tiyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri izi. ”
"Pali mabungwe ochepa ku Far East omwe akutenga nawo gawo pazosankha padziko lonse lapansi," akutero Alexei Yemelyanov. - Timachita kuswana kwa mbewu 19 ndi kupanga mbewu zamitundu 50 ya mbewu izi. Mitundu yonse imadutsa njira zamachiritso. Tikuchita ntchito yobereka - ku Primorye, madera awiri oyenera izi adziwika. Chaka chino, bungwe lathu lapanga matani 60 a mbewu "zapamwamba kwambiri". Mu 2021-2022, mitundu itatu ya mbatata idapangidwa, ikukumana ndi mayesero osiyanasiyana. Ndipo amawonetsa zokolola zabwino. Tsopano tikugwira ntchito yosinthira kupanga ma mini-tubers mumtsuko. Mu 2022, tinasaina pangano ndi DalGAU pa mgwirizano wa sayansi pankhani yoweta mbewu. Umu ndi momwe tikuwonera: chaka chamawa, nazale yoyesa zachilengedwe zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yakunyumba ndi yakunja idzayikidwa ku DalGAU. Kupitilira apo, yunivesiteyo kapena mnzakeyo adzayala nazale ya "wapamwamba-osankhika" - chiwembu cha mahekitala atatu chikufunika.
- Mutha kupanga mgwirizano ndi likulu ili. Tengani ma tubers ang'onoang'ono kuchokera kwa iwo, ndikuchulukitsa pomwepo, m'derali. Koma chifukwa cha izi ndikofunikira kufotokozera madera apadera - pali zofunika zina kwa iwo, - zolemba za Sergei Lupekhin. “Tikapanga semkhoz mothandizana, tithana ndi vuto la kulima mbewu ya mbatata kuderali.
Zikuwonekeratu kuchokera ku zomwe alimi adachita kuti pali mafunso ambiri kwa wolima mbatata wodziwa bwino yemwe ali ndi malingaliro atsopano, ndipo kulankhulana kunapitirira kupitirira msonkhano.
SERGEY Lupekhin: "Tikufuna ma laboratories ndi zopambana mu sayansi"
Mbatata za Amur zimatha kulowa mumsika wa fries waku France, womwe tsopano ukuchotsedwa chifukwa cha zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi, akukhulupirira kuti wolima mbatata wamkulu mdziko muno. Kufuna kukukulirakulira, koma kupanga sikukuphimba.
- Mabungwe akuluakulu pamsika wapadziko lonse wa fries za ku France ankafuna kuti apite patsogolo m'dziko lathu ndipo anakonza zoyambitsa mizere yatsopano, koma tsopano zonse zasintha, - Sergey Lupekhin amalankhula za chiyembekezo chokonzekera. - Tchipisi zomwezo - pali osewera wamkulu komanso ang'onoang'ono ambiri pamsika. Ponena za ma flakes a mbatata, izi ndizogulitsa kunja. Mwa izi, mwachitsanzo, mbatata zomwe zili m'mapaketi zimapangidwa. Ndipo msika ndi waukulu - Africa yakonzeka kudya. Mu flakes, komanso wowuma, otsika ankafuna mbatata kupita. Ndiko kuti, miyeso ija yomwe sinazindikiridwe mumaketani ogulitsa. Wowuma ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu! Ngakhale ulusi wopangira maopaleshoni amapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo. Pazachipatala, mitundu yapadera ya mbatata ndiyofunika. Tsopano ngakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata idabzalidwa, pomwe odzola owoneka bwino amapangidwa. Ndipo wowuma akawonjezeredwa ku nsalu, thonje lapamwamba limapezeka.
Mabungwe akulu kwambiri pamsika wapadziko lonse wa Fry Fry akufuna kutukuka ku Russia ndipo akukonzekera kukhazikitsa mizere yatsopano.
Wabizinesiyo adaperekanso mawonekedwe amitundu yotchuka kwambiri mdziko muno. Pakati pawo, mwa njira, palibe mitundu yosankhidwa yapakhomo. Ndipo pali kufotokozera kwa izi, akuti SERGEY Lupekhin.
"Tilibe mtundu umodzi womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zokazinga za ku France. Popanga izi, mitundu yokhala ndi shuga wochepa ndiyofunika. Ku Russia, bizinesiyo sinakulitsidwe chifukwa cha izi. Ndipo kufunidwa ndi kwakukulu pamsika wapadziko lonse, ndipo kukukulirakulira,” anatero wabizinesiyo. - Mabungwe athu onse adalungidwa kuti apange magawo ang'onoang'ono, komwe mbatata imakololedwa ndi manja. Mwa mitundu yambirimbiri yomwe ili m'kaundula, palibe imodzi yomwe imakhala yopangira malonda. Kodi kusiyana kwakukulu ndi kotani? Zosiyanasiyana zopangira, ndiko kuti, zida zokolola, ziyenera kukhala pulasitiki. Ine mobwerezabwereza anafotokoza maganizo anga pa Gala zosiyanasiyana. Ndi yabwino kwa antivayirasi chitetezo chokwanira. Ndipo iyi ndiyo mitundu yabwino kwambiri yamsika kuchokera pakuwona kwa ogula - ogulidwa kwambiri. Ubwino wofunikira kwambiri ndi pulasitiki. Izi ndi zomwe alimi amafunikira, chifukwa tikudziwa kuti pokolola ndi makina, mbatata imavutika, ndipo izi zimayambitsa kuwola.
Mwiniwake wa chomera chachikulu kwambiri cha Russia chopanga feteleza wa organomineral adabweranso kudera la Amur. Wogulitsa ndalama akuganizira nkhani yomanga bizinesi pano. Vasily Orlov adanenanso kuti m'derali muli ma peat omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazosowa zaulimi wamafakitale.
Ndi nthawi yoti sayansi iganizire mozama zomwe msika ukufunikira tsopano, Sergey Nikolayevich amakhulupirira.
- Nyengo ikupita ku kutentha, ndipo mbatata sizimakula pa kutentha pamwamba pa madigiri 22. Tikukumana ndi mfundo yakuti mu July-August ndi yotentha - mbatata sikukula, ndiye imayamba kugwa mvula, ndipo tuber mkati "kusanza" - khalidwe latayika. Sayansi iyenera kubwera ndi cholimbikitsa kuti chisagoneke kagayidwe ka mbatata. Timafunikira mitundu yolimbana ndi kutentha komanso chilala - izi ndizochitika kale ku Europe konse. Timafunikira kusankha koyenera komanso kwanzeru. Ngati tikufuna kuti tipambane, timafunikira antchito - osati akatswiri azamalimi, koma akatswiri osankha ndi kupanga mbewu. Ndikofunikira kuunikira maso a ophunzira kuti amvetsetse kuti ili ndi tsogolo, - wolima mbatata adalankhula ndi oimira Amur Agricultural University.
Maria Murashko