Asayansi ku yunivesite ya Utah apeza umboni wakuti anthu a ku North America akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mbatata zakutchire zaka 10 zapitazo.
Mbiri ya kadyedwe ka mbatata zakutchire isanalimidwe mochita kupanga ndi anthu imamveka bwino ndipo inali yocheperako mpaka posachedwa ku South America. Chifukwa chake, mu 2016, asayansi adalandira umboni woti Amwenye a ku Andes amalima mbatata zaka 5000 zapitazo. Kumpoto ndi ku Central America, mitundu 20 yakuthengo ya mbewu zakutchire imadziwika kuchokera kumtundu Solanum (nightshade banja)koma kufunika kwawo muzakudya za anthu akale aku America sikunakhazikitsidwebe. Akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale a ku America adadzaza kusiyana kumeneku ndikuwunika ma granules owuma omwe amapezeka m'malo ena akale.
Deta yogwiritsa ntchito mbatata zakutchire Solanum tuberosum zapezedwa kale ku South America, m’chigwa cha Kasma, ku Peru, ndipo zinalembedwa zaka 7, ngakhale kuti palibe mgwirizano pakati pa asayansi ngati izi zinali zomera zakutchire kapena zoweta kale. Pa kafukufuku watsopano, asayansi adagwiritsa ntchito zopezeka ku North Creek Shelter kumwera kwa Utah. Panapezeka maumboni ochuluka a ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya anthu akale: malo amoto ndi maenje, zida zamwala, zotsalira za zomera ndi zinyama. Kufukula kwavumbulutsa zigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri za chikhalidwe kuyambira zaka 800 zapitazo.
Asayansi afufuza zotsalira pamwamba pa zida za miyala 101 zomwe zapezeka pano. Pamwamba pa zida 24 zinali ndi tinthu tating'ono 323, pomwe ma granules asanu ndi anayi adadziwika kuti ndi mbatata zakuthengo. Solanum jamesii ndi ma pellets 61 adadziwika kuti mwina tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mbewu iyi. Kusanthula kwa radiocarbon kwa zida zamwala zomwe zotsalira za mbatata zidapezeka zidawonetsa zaka 10-900. Ndipo zomwe apezazi, malinga ndi asayansi, ndiye umboni wakale kwambiri wogwiritsa ntchito mbatata ku North America. Ndipo popeza mbatata idabwera ku Europe kuchokera ku America, mwina ndi mbatata yakale kwambiri padziko lapansi.
M’mbuyomo, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale apeza kale zizindikiro za mmene zomera zakutchire zimagwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi anthu asanayambe kulima. Mwachitsanzo, oats wamtchire ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Italy zaka 32 zapitazo, ndipo balere ndi tirigu ku Israel zaka 600 zapitazo.
Kafukufukuyu adasindikizidwa mu magazini ya Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Source: https://chrdk.ru