Chaka chilichonse makina othirira ochulukirapo amaonekera m'minda yadziko. Pobweretsa zida izi, alimi akuyembekeza kuti azilandira zokolola zambiri zamtundu winawake. Pali njira zingapo zamatekinoloje zomwe zingachitike kuti akwaniritse ntchitoyi. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza ukadaulo wowunika ndi kuwongolera njira zothirira.
Kukula kwabwinobwino kwa mbeu kumadalira kukhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira chomwe chimaperekedwa ndikumadyedwa ndi chomeracho. Monga mukudziwa, madzi amalowa m'nthaka osati ndi mvula nthawi yokula, komanso malo osungira chinyontho chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa chipale chofewa, ndi madzi apansi osaya. Kugwiritsa ntchito chinyezi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi njira ziwiri zazikulu: evapal ndi kusintha kwa mpweya. Madzi amasanduka nthunzi nthawi zonse kuchokera panthaka mothandizidwa ndi mphepo ndi zina nyengo, ndipo malo ake amatengedwa ndi yatsopano yomwe imadutsa ma capillaries kuchokera pansi - uku ndi kuphulika. Mofananamo, mizu yazomera imatenga chinyezi kuchokera m'nthaka ndikuikweza chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kwa zinthu zosungunuka m'masamba akutali kwambiri ndi masamba. Zakudya zomwe zimatumizidwa ndi madzi zimalowa m'matumba ofunikira, ndipo madzi owonjezerawo amawuluka kudzera mu stomata yapafupi - uku ndikutulutsa, ntchito imapitilizabe, chifukwa mpope wa osmotic umalowa m'malo mwa chomeracho. Chifukwa chake, kuyerekezera kwamadzi ndi gawo pakati pa chinyezi / cholowetsa m'nthaka ndi kutulutsa konse kwa mbeu m'munda.
Kuwerengetsa muyeso wamadzi, njira zosiyanasiyana zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito: kuchokera pakuwerengera kwa ma tebulo, kusintha kwa nyengo yosavuta, kukhazikitsa zida zokwanira ndi mapulogalamu pafamuyo. Njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira pakulima kwamasiku ano ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira (malo oyimira nyengo).
Malo owonetsera nyengo ndi zida zomwe zimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu (lokhala ndi mabatire wamba kapena batire la dzuwa) ndi masensa omwe amayesa magawo osiyanasiyana a nthaka, mpweya, mpweya, ndi ma radiation a dzuwa. Module yayikulu ili pakatikati pa minda yambiri, masensa amagawidwa kumadera akutali.
Zomverera zomwe zimayikidwa m'nthaka zimadziwitsa kukula kwa chinyezi, kupezeka kwa mizu yazomera. Nyengo - yesani chinyezi cham'mlengalenga, yang'anireni mvula, muwerengetse kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amatuluka padzuwa. Dothi, kuthekera kwake kusunga chinyezi, mtundu wa mbeu ndi gawo lakukula kwake kumaganiziridwanso.
Zambiri zomwe zalandilidwa zimaphatikizidwa ndikuwonetsedwa pa seva nthawi usana ndi usiku. Akatswiri azaulimi amatha kudziwa izi nthawi iliyonse, kulikonse padziko lapansi, kuchokera pachida chilichonse chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti (mwachitsanzo, kudzera pafoni).
Kusanthula kwa zomwe zapezedwa ndikuwonetseratu komwe kumapangitsa kuti zitheke osati kungodziwa kuchuluka kwa nthawi ndi nthawi yothirira yotsatira, kuwerengera nthawi yoyenera kukhazikitsidwa kwa feteleza wosungunuka m'madzi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, komanso kupanga pulogalamu pafupipafupi ndi mitengo yake kuthirira, komanso kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu zodzitchinjiriza nyengo yonse. Njira yolinganizira imathandizira kupewa mfundo zofunikira pakulima mbewu ndipo imathandizira pakukula kwa zokolola. Nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera magwero amadzi kumakwaniritsidwa, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zomera zimafunikira mbewu.
Malo okonzera nyengo amathandizira kukolola bwino, ichi ndiye cholinga chawo chachikulu, koma osati chokhacho.
Tikukhala munthawi yosintha kwanyengo, ndipo nyengo zina nyengo zina zimabweretsa zodabwitsa zomwe sizingalephereke, ndipo zotsatira zake ndizovuta kuthana nazo. Potengera izi, kufunikira kwa chida chotere poteteza zokonda za wolima ngati inshuwaransi chikukula. Ndi chithandizo chake, pakachitika zovuta (zochitika zachilengedwe ndi nyengo, kulowa kapena kufalikira kwa tizirombo, ndi zina), alimi atha kulandira chipukuta misozi ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka. Poterepa, chidziwitso chowonera chomwe chapezeka ndi malo azanyengo chimakhala chitsimikiziro cha zomwe zili ndi inshuwaransi.
Chonde dziwani: kuti mulandire ndalama za inshuwaransi, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zida zanyengo zovomerezeka, munthawiyi zidziwitsozo ndizovomerezeka ndipo zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi zida za inshuwaransi. Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa satifiketi yotsimikizira kumatsimikizira mtundu wa miyezoyo.
Chimodzi mwazocheperako pakugwiritsa ntchito malo oyeserera nyengo ndi zida zina zodziyimira pawokha ndikupezeka ndi mtundu wa chizindikiritso chamafoni pakufalitsa deta. Komabe, madera ambiri vutoli lakhala chinthu chakale; intaneti ya omwe amagwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi pafupifupi kulikonse.
Zipangizo zamakono zimathandizira kukhathamiritsa ndikusintha njira yothirira momwe ingathere. Omwaza mafuta akhala akugwira ntchito mwaokha ndipo amatha kuwongoleredwa kutali. Kukhazikitsa malo oyendetsa nyengo kumakupatsani mwayi wophatikiza zida, zida ndi zida zama digito mu njira imodzi yothirira.
Poterepa, udindo wa katswiri wa zamasamba mu bungwe la ulimi wothirira ndiwosavuta ndipo umabwera posankha njira yoyendetsera ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, ndipo zina zonse zimakhala nkhani yaukadaulo.
A Victor Panov, Woyang'anira Zamalonda ku Valley Irrigation Systems, Potential Company
8-987-080-04-64