Alexander Skvortsov, Mutu wa Mbatata za Sumi, SumiAgro Russia
Nyengo ya 2020 sinakhale mbiri yakukolola kwakukulu kwa mbatata mdziko lathu. Zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto amtundu wina, zomwe zimasiyana kutengera dera. M'chaka chikubwerachi, alimi ambiri a mbatata amafunitsitsa "kupeza", koma msika umawakakamiza kuti asinthe mapulani awo. Chikhalidwe chake ndikuti kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndizochepa ndikofunikira pakukwaniritsa bizinesi, ndikuchulukirachulukira - mtundu wake.
Nthawi zonse pamakhala kufunikira kwa malonda okhala ndi malonda abwino, oyenera kusungidwa, kuchapa, kulongedza, ndipo mtengo wokwera umaperekedwa. Kuti muziyeseza mwankhanza, lero muyenera kulima mbatata zabwino kwambiri kapena osalimbana nayo ngakhale pang'ono.
Ntchito yabwino imafunika kuyesetsa kwambiri ndipo iyenera kuyamba ndi dongosolo loganizira bwino lodzitchinjiriza.
Kutetezedwa kwa nkhawa
Ndizovuta kulingalira momwe nyengo idzakhalire nyengo yatsopano komanso ngati ingakhale yabwino kulima mbatata, koma zokumana nazo zikuwonetsa kuti palibe chaka chimodzi, ngakhale chopambana kwambiri, chomwe chilibe mavuto, kotero munthu sayenera kuyembekezera kokha chisomo kuchokera ku chilengedwe. Ndipo ndibwino kukonzekera zodabwitsazi zomwe zingachitike zisanachitike pogwiritsa ntchito zopatsa mphamvu komanso zowongolera zakudya. Poganizira kuti tikukhala munthawi yosintha kwanyengo, ndalama zomwe zakhala zikukonzedweratu ndizoyenera, popanda izi ndizovuta kwambiri kuwulula zokolola zomwe zingachitike ndikukwaniritsa zizindikiritso zabwino kwambiri. Feteleza omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafamu amangopanga kuthekera kokhazikika, ndipo owongolera amawazindikira m'malo osintha.
Chosangalatsa kwambiri kwa alimi, mwachitsanzo, ndi mzere wa Basfoliar wothandizira njere zamchere. Chifukwa chake, panthawi yocheza, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a Basfoliar®Kelp, ali ndi mahomoni auxin (mumisasa yayikulu) ndi cytokinin, komanso mndandanda wazinthu zina. Kubwezeretsanso kumachitika pa gawo la mmera kuti mupangitse mizu.
Pakukula kwa msinkhu wa masamba, Basfoliar® Active (NPK 5:27:18 + microelements) ndiyofunikira, pambuyo pa kusintha kwa mapangidwe a tuber - Basfoliar® Combi Stipp, kuphatikiza calcium, yomwe imalimbikitsa kutalika- kusunga mawu.
Mankhwala a Siapton® ndi amino acid ndi ma peptide omwe ali okonzeka kwambiri, omwe amathandizira kuthana ndi nkhawa. Mankhwalawa amachepetsa kuyamwa kwa nayitrogeni ndipo amalepheretsa kukalamba msanga kuyambira.
Amalgerol® Essence imaphatikiza katundu wazinthu zingapo nthawi imodzi: imakhala ndi amino acid, zokulitsa zokula potengera kutulutsa kwa udzu wam'madzi, woyambitsa nthaka microflora, michere yaying'ono- ndi yayikulu. Kuphatikiza pa zokolola zomwe zikuwonjezeka komanso mtundu wazogulitsa, imathandizanso kupititsa patsogolo mapesi chifukwa chokhazikitsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, timalimbikitsa mapangidwe a mycorrhiza pamizu yazomera.
Matenda ndi kuwononga tizilombo
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga nthawi zambiri zimasokoneza kukwaniritsa zokolola zambiri za mbatata. Mwachitsanzo: pakati pa matenda ambiri omwe amakhudza tubers, palibe amene angafanane ndi vuto limodzi ndi rhizoctonia. Rhizoctoniae imadziwonetsera nthawi zonse pa mbatata, chaka chilichonse; pakukula kwake, sipakhala zofunikira zapadera za kutentha ndi chinyezi, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa mbande kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula kumatha kuchepetsa zokolola. Chifukwa chake, kusankha kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi mphamvu pokhudzana ndi matendawa.
Pencicuron, mankhwala opangira Prestige®, ndi othandiza kwambiri motsutsana ndi rhizoctonia. Imidacloprid - gawo lachiwiri la mankhwalawa - amateteza chitetezo chodalirika mchikhalidwe choyamba mu nyengo yokula kuchokera ku scoops, wireworms, Colorado mbatata kafadala ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Imidacloprid ndiye neonicotinoid wamphamvu kwambiri, amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yodziteteza kuposa thiamethoxam ndi acetamiprid.
Choipitsa chakumapeto ndi Alternaria ndi matenda omwe amakhudza kwambiri masamba a mbatata. Pofuna kuthana nawo, sayansi yamakono imapereka mankhwala ambiri, koma ndikofunikira kusankha pamndandandawu moyenera komanso mwanjira yomweyo. Tengani fungicide ya Consento® monga chitsanzo. Imayang'anira magawo onse a chitukuko chakumapeto kwa zoyipitsa, imakhala ndi zotsatira zoyeserera komanso zochizira, komanso zotsutsana ndi kupopera. Mankhwalawa ndi systemic, amateteza kukula kwatsopano nthawi yakukula kwa nsonga za mbatata. Zowonjezera - zosagwirizana ndi washout ndikuwongolera othandizira ku Alternaria.
Chida china chotheka polimbana ndi vuto lakumapeto ndi Elektis D®. Ichi ndi mankhwala a "post-mancoceb era" (kumbukirani kuti kuyambira 2021, mayiko ambiri otukuka aku Europe amakana kugwiritsa ntchito mancoceb, mankhwala olumikizana ndi mbiri yakale), ali kumapeto komaliza kwa kulembetsa ku Russia. Lili ndi molekyulu yatsopano ya mbatata - Zoxamide, yomwe imasokoneza njira zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, zomwe zimasokoneza kukula kwa ma tubules pakumera kwa zoospores. Ndiye kuti, ili ndimagwiridwe apadera omwe ndi osiyana ndi zinthu zina. Zoxamide imagonjetsedwa ndi washout, yomwe imasiyanitsa ndi mancozeb; mukamakonzekera zamankhwala, simungathe kukonza njira yamvula ndi yothirira. Gawo lachiwiri, dimethomorph, limakhala ndi tanthauzo la kutanthauzira ndipo limalepheretsa kukula kwa khungu la fungus. Zotsatira zake, tili ndi chinthu chatsopano chothandiza kwambiri chokana mvula.
Tiyeni tikhale mwatsatanetsatane pankhani yokana kukana mankhwala. Mosakayikira, mbatata zothiriridwa zimapereka zokolola zochuluka kuposa mbatata zolimidwa. Koma ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino kuti minda yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ulimi wothirira iyenera kusamala kwambiri posankha mankhwala motsutsana ndi vuto lakumapeto, ndikofunikira kulingalira za mphamvu ya zinthu zomwe zikugwira ntchito ngati izi.
Ranman® Top, yomwe imadziwika kwambiri m'maiko aku Europe komwe kumakhala nyengo yam'madzi, imakwanira bwino pulogalamu yothirira. Cyazofamide - yogwira pophika mankhwala - amachita pa mitundu yonse ya tizilomboto pa magawo onse a mbatata chitukuko. Ili ndi ntchito yotanthauzira komanso yopanda tanthauzo ndipo imagonjetsedwa ndi mphepo mkati mwa mphindi 15 mutalandira chithandizo.
M'mayiko aku Europe, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumaliza mankhwala kumapeto kwa nyengo.
Chida china cholimbana ndi kutsuka, Mixanil® ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira zinthu zopangidwa ndi mancoceb. Lili ndi mitundu yosakanikirana yazinthu - chlorothalonil ndi cymoxanil, yomwe imapatsa mankhwalawa ntchito yolumikizana komanso yotanthauzira komanso kugwira ntchito motsutsana ndi vuto lowopsa ndi alternaria. Imeneyi ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri popanga njira yolimbana ndi kulimbana, popeza palibe milandu yokana cymoxanil yomwe yadziwika pakadali pano, ndipo siyingakhale ya chlorothalonil (mankhwalawa ali ndi zochitika zambiri).
Pankhani yodziteteza ku mbewu ku matenda oopsa mochedwa ndi Alternaria, ndikufunanso kukukumbutsani za fungicide Cuproxat®. Lili ndi tribasic mkuwa sulphate. Kukonzekera ndi madzi, kukula kwake kwa tinthu sikutsika 1 micron. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amachitidwe, Cuproxat® imawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda popanda kubzala mbewu. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timapezeka pamwamba pomwe timachiritsidwa ndi fungicide pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo "timawotcha" - mapuloteni amadzipheratu komanso kuwonongeka kwa minofu kumachitika.
Kulamulira namsongole
Mbatata, mosiyana ndi mbewu zambiri, imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kumera, motero imayambitsa namsongole: kwakanthawi alibe opikisana nawo m'munda. Mankhwala a herbicide, odziwika bwino pamsika, nthawi zambiri amachita bwino ndi namsongole wamankhwala osokoneza bongo, koma kwa mbewu monga chimanga, makamaka zosatha, sizigwira ntchito moyenera nthawi zonse.
Palibe kukayika kuti polimbana ndi chimodzimodzi zokwawa za tirigu ziyenera kuchitidwa mwadongosolo, posinthanitsa mbewu, kuti tisatenge mawonekedwe ake paminda ya mbatata. Koma pakuchita, ntchitoyi siimachitika nthawi zonse. Nthawi yomwe namsongole sangathenso kulamulidwa, Targa® Super, quizalofop-P-ethyl based product, itha kukhala yankho. Mankhwalawa samangirizidwa ku gawo la chitukuko cha mbatata, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndikuyika mankhwala ena. Mlingowo umasinthasintha, kutengera momwe ntchitoyo ikugwirira ntchito.
Achinyamata
Tiyeni tigogomeze kuti mankhwala aliwonse ndi chida chomwe sichingakhale chogwira ntchito paokha, kugula. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa moyenera. Zotsatira zake zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri: kuthamanga kwa opopera, kukonza mphepo ndi chinyezi cha mpweya, kusankha opopera (kwa fungicides ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ma flare awiri), kuchuluka kwa mavalidwe awo (amasintha pafupipafupi). Kulipira zomwe zitha kutayika panthawi yopopera mankhwala, makamaka m'malo ovuta kwambiri, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya mankhwala, zimapatsa mwayi kusankha othandizira.
Tiyeni tione awiri mwa iwo. Crusade® yapangidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ndi fungicides, imaphatikiza njira zingapo zochita nthawi imodzi: kuwonjezera pakupereka kufalitsa ndikusungira madontho a yankho logwira ntchito, wothandizirayu amapanga chidutswa "chamtengo wapatali" chamadontho okhala ndi kukula kopitilira apo Ma microns 100.
Pamodzi ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo, owonjezera Olemix® amadzionetsa bwino. Izi ndizokonzekera kutengera mafuta amchere, amagwiritsidwa ntchito muyeso wa 0,5-1,5 l / ha (kutengera masamba a mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kukula kwa mbewu panthawi yokonza). Olemix® imakulitsa mphamvu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo pochepetsa kukhathamira kwa njira yothetsera; Imalepheretsa kusamba kwa mankhwala ndi mvula ndi mame amphamvu ndikuwonetsa zochita za tizilombo ta acidicidal pa nsabwe za m'masamba pamlingo wambiri wogwiritsa ntchito.
Pomaliza, ndikufuna kunena kuti mbatata ndi mbewu zolimbikira kwambiri zomwe zimafunikira kuyesetsa kwakukulu ndi ndalama zikamakula, musakhululukire kupulumutsa pazinthu zazing'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, zenizeni pamsika sizimalola wopanga zaulimi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zonse zamakono kuti achite bwino. Koma izi sizofunikira. Kukula mozama pang'onopang'ono komanso kukhathamiritsa mwanzeru ndikofunikira kwambiri.