Mbatata mochedwa choipitsa ndi amodzi mwamatenda omwe chaka chilichonse amavulaza mbatata zomwe zikukula ku Russian Federation, makamaka zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi mvula yambiri komanso kutentha pang'ono tsiku lililonse. Zimayambitsa kufa kwa msanga kwa mbeu ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuchepa kwa mbewu ndikutayika pambuyo pake posungira. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wathu, mtundu wa tsinde la choipitsa cham'mbuyo umachitika paliponse ndipo nthawi zambiri umadziwonetsera kale kuposa tsamba limodzi.
Choopsa chachikulu cha vuto lachedwa ndi kupuma ndi kuthekera kopanga nyumba zopumulira (oospores) zomwe zimapitilira kwanthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, pathogen imatha kupitiliza kukula kwake ngakhale kutentha kwambiri (3 ° C) ndi chinyezi (60%).
Alimi ambiri odziwa bwino amadziwa kuti kukonzekera kugwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba kwa mafangasi ndi kusankha kwa mankhwalawo kumathandiza kwambiri kuteteza mbatata ku nthawi yayitali. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa mpweya kuyambira Meyi mpaka pakati pa Juni, chithandizo choyambirira chitha kufunikira nsonga zisanatseke kapena pambuyo pake. Kuwaza ndi fungicides ziyenera kuchitika masiku 5-7 asanafike chitukuko chachikulu cha matenda. Kuphatikiza apo, pakuyenda bwino kwachuma pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, ndikofunikira kuti kusankha kwawo kusinthidwe kutengera mitundu, nyengo komanso ukadaulo wakula. Kupanga zisankho ndikuwunika minda ndi zida zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito fungicides munthawi yake.
Cholinga cha chithandizo choyambirira cha fungicidal ndikuchepetsa kufalikira kwa matenda kuchokera ku tubers kupita ku phala la mbatata. Pa dothi lolemera, makonzedwe okhala ndi zinthu zofunikira (propamocarb hydrochloride, metalaxyl, mefenoxam) ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mwachitsanzo, mutha kuyika Metaxil. Ngati chiopsezo cha matenda kuchokera ku mbatata za mbewu ndi chambiri (chinyezi chadothi chatsalira), ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kachitidwe kazomwekonso chithandizo chachiwiri. Chifukwa cha chiwopsezo cha mapangidwe a kukana metalaxyl, komanso mwazinthu zambiri zamakonzedwe, ndikofunikira kusinthana ndi mankhwala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi makina ochitapo kanthu. Kukonzekera kulumikizane Talant, Idol pa chithandizo choyambirira akhoza kukhala olimbikitsidwa ngati nyengo yadzala ndi mbeu yabwino.
Pa gawo lakukula kwamasamba atatha chithandizo, chomeracho chimatetezedwa kwa masiku 4-7 okha. Ndikukula kwakanthawi kwakumapeto kwa ngozi, chiwopsezo chotenga masamba a masamba omwe sanatetezedwe mokwanira chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri. Pansi pa izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito fungicides. Amalowerera m'masamba ndipo amatha kuteteza kukula kwatsopano pamlingo wina, amakhalanso othandiza ngati bowa walowa kale munthupi (zoteteza ndi kuchiritsa). Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mankhwalawa amatha kuyimitsa matendawa patadutsa maola 24-48 mutadwala, ngakhale atagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira. Ngati pali zizindikiro zowoneka zakukula mochedwa choipitsa, ndiye kuti panthawiyi matendawa sangathenso kuthetsedwa.
Zida zopangidwa ndi cymoxanil - Ordan ndi Ordan MC - zimakhala ndi machiritso abwino kwambiri ("stop effect"). Chifukwa chake, ndizoyenera kupopera mankhwala amalo opangira spore. Ndikotheka kupititsa patsogolo chithandizo chamankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito thanki yosakaniza ya mankhwalawa ndi fungicides yolumikizana yamagulu (fluazinam, mancozeb) pamlingo wogwiritsa ntchito kwathunthu. Ngati nyengo ikadali yabwino ku matendawa, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuyenera kubwerezedwa pakatha masiku 4-6. Chosavuta cha fungicides wokhala ndi cymoxanil ndi nthawi yayifupi poyerekeza ndi zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwadongosolo.
Mtengo wa mbatata utangoyima, kuyambira nthawi yamaluwa, matenda abwino komanso obwera mochedwa amatha kuthana ndi vuto lalikulu komanso lapakatikati pobweretsa kukonzekera komwe kulumikizana ndi zinthu monga chlorothalonil, fluazines, etc., mwachitsanzo, Talant, kulowa mu chitetezo.
Pankhani yochepetsetsa pang'ono, mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwa mbatata, chitetezo chitha kuperekedwa ndi fungicides yolumikizana ndi chuma potengera zinthu zomwe zimagwira (tyram, metiram, mancozeb, tribasic copper sulphate, etc.). Mosiyana ndi flusinam ndi ciazofamide, izi zomwe zimagwira ntchito zimathandizanso motsutsana ndi Alternaria solani. Izi ndizofunikira pakukhwima mochedwa kwa ma tubers, munthawi yomwe kutentha ndi mvula nthawi zambiri kumasinthana.
Miphika itangoyamba kukula ndi masamba otsika ayamba kutembenukira chikasu, ndikofunikira kuteteza tubers kuti isatenge matenda. Ngati pali matenda omwe akuwoneka kuti ali ndi vuto lakumapeto asanakolole, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides yokhala ndi zotsalira zokhala ndi zotupa (fluazines, mandipropamide).
Phytophthora imapanga spores malinga ngati mbali zobiriwira za mbatata zilipo. Kudzera mu mphepo, mame ndi madontho amafika panthaka ndipo pamenepo amatha kupatsira tubers za mbeu yatsopano pafupifupi milungu itatu. Chiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga tuber chimachitika mukamakumba. Pa matenda, ma spores amayenera kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi ma tubers, ndipo kuwonongeka kwapadera kumathandizira kulowa kwa tizilomboto. Kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo cha tubers chili bwino, ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito fungicide potengera fluazinam kapena mandipropamide masiku 21 musanakumbe, ndikuchotsa ndi kukonzekera dryquat kutengera sabata ziwiri musanakolole. Mulingo ndi kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka Dry Hove kumadalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kuchuluka kwa masamba, komanso nyengo.
Kuchita bwino ndikofunikira. Malinga ndi kuyesera, kuti zitheke kugwira ntchito mwaukazitape yambiri, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuyenera kuchitika ndi njira yothetsera vuto la 400 l / ha. Pokhapokha ngati pali masamba ofooka ochepa (pomwe chitseko chitsekere kaye ndikangoyamba kucha) chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito 300 l / ha. Komabe, nditapangidwa bwino masamba (masamba akuluakulu kapena masamba ophuka kwambiri), mumalimbikitsidwa 500 l / ha.