October 13, mkati mwa dongosolo la zochitika zovomerezeka za "Golden Autumn - 2012"м Msonkhano Wachiwiri wa Sayansi ndi Wothandiza wa Union of Potato ndi Vegetable Market "Kupikisana kwa Mbatata Zapakhomo ndi Zamasamba pa Malonda Ogulitsa" unachitika.
Zokambidwa Pamsonkhanowo, mituyo idasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zokambiranazo zinali za mawonekedwe ndi njira zothandizira ndalama zothandizira kubzala mbewu, kutsitsimutsa kwa zoweta zapakhomo ndi kupanga mbewu, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo aukadaulo a mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba, komanso mavuto ndi chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha gawo lokonza ndi kukonza mbewu. chiwerengero cha nkhani zina. Pulogalamuyi imatithandiza kulingalira kuti chochitikacho chikuyenda bwino komanso chamitundu yambiri.
Kupanga
Chiphunzitso chachitetezo cha chakudya chinakhazikitsanso kuti mtengo wagawo lazakudya zam'nyumba ndi zakudya zapakhomo pazambiri zonse zamsika wamsika uyenera kukhala 95% ya mbatata. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, Russia ili pachitatu padziko lonse lapansi pakupanga mbatata. Chaka chatha, zokolola zokolola za mkate wachiwiri zidakololedwa - matani oposa 32 miliyoni.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wamthupi, kuchuluka kwa mbatata pamunthu aliyense pachaka kumayikidwa pamlingo wa 95-100 kg, womwe ndi pafupifupi matani 14 miliyoni pazosowa za anthu onse mdziko muno, kuphatikiza zinyalala, mbewu ndi mbewu. zofuna za makampani processing. Chifukwa chake, kuthekera kopanga kwa omwe amalima mbatata yakunyumba kumatsimikizira pafupifupi 100% yachitetezo cha chakudya mdziko muno.
Mu nyengo yamakono, dera lotanganidwa ndi kubzala mbatata linakhalabe pamlingo wa chaka chatha. Tikaganizira gawo lopanga mbatata potengera omwe akutenga nawo gawo pamsika, zitha kuwoneka kuti malo odzala, 83% (mahekitala 1,8 miliyoni), amagwera m'mafamu apanyumba, mahekitala 231 adabzalidwa m'minda yaying'ono komanso yayikulu. mabizinesi, kapena 10%. Tsoka ilo, kudalirika kwa ziwerengero zamagawo ocheperako sikungatsimikizidwe, komabe, akatswiri amati mtsogolomo, gawo la magawo ang'onoang'ono pakupanga lidzachepa, ndipo zosowa za anthu zidzakwaniritsidwanso chifukwa cha ndalama zamabizinesi mu. gawo lolinganizidwa.
Malinga ndi ntchito ya Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russian Federation, kuyambira pa Novembara 6, 2012, mbatata idakololedwa ndi mabungwe azaulimi mdziko muno pamalo okwana mahekitala 226, omwe ndi 98%, ndipo kukolola ndi ikuyenda mothamanga pang'ono kuposa chaka chatha. Masamba adachotsa 89% ya zomwe zidakonzedwa.
Mabungwe adapeza matani 4 miliyoni a mbatata ndi matani 1,5 miliyoni amasamba.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, zokolola za mankhwala poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha zidatsika mbatata ndi 11 c / ha ndi masamba - ndi 32 c / ha.
Malinga ndi deta yogwira ntchito, madera a Central Federal District amapambana atsogoleri pakugula zinthu pakati pa zigawo, zokolola zapamwamba kwambiri za mbatata zimadziwika m'chigawo cha Oryol - matani oposa 30 / ha. Pazamasamba, dera la Moscow ndi lomwe likutsogolera pakugwetsa ndi dera la Vologda potengera zokolola.
Pankhani ya kupezeka kwa zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja pamsika wathu, zitha kudziwika kuti mbatata zomwe zimaperekedwa pachaka ndi matani 600-800, kupatula nthawi yowuma ya 2010 - 2011, pomwe matani pafupifupi 1,5 miliyoni a mbatata adatumizidwa kunja. , zokwana madola 730 miliyoni.
Mu theka loyamba la chaka chino, pafupifupi matani 400 a mbatata adaperekedwa ku Russia.
Ogulitsa kwambiri ndi Egypt, Netherlands, Azerbaijan, Saudi Arabia ndi China. Kutumiza kwa mbatata zatsopano ku Russia kumasiyana ndi matani 40 mpaka 130. Wogulitsa kwambiri mbatata yathu ndi Azerbaijan (matani 30, 72%, 2011).
reclamation wa
Chisamaliro chosakwanira chimaperekedwa pakukulitsa njira yobwezeretsanso nthaka yaulimi monga chitsimikizo cha ulimi wokhazikika m'dziko lathu. Ngati ku China gawo la malo obwezeredwa likufika 44,4%, ku India - 35,9%, ku USA - 13,2%, ndiye ku Russia pakadali pano malo obwezeredwa ndi 7,9% a nthaka yolimidwa. Zoperekedwa ndi State Program 2013-2020 Thandizo lofikira 50% kubweza ndalama zobwezeredwa sizothandiza mokwanira. Malinga ndi zomwe alimi alimi, mamembala a Potato Union, omwe ndi omwe akukhudzidwa kwambiri omwe amaika ndalama zambiri pakuwongolera nthaka, ndalama zambiri zimakhalabe ndi alangizi, okonza mapulani ndi anthu ena.
Pali chitsanzo cha chigawo cha Dmitrovsky cha dera la Moscow, pamene eni ake adakonza zazikulu, kumanganso, chitukuko chatsopano cha malo kudera la mahekitala oposa 1200, makina apadera ndi zipangizo zinagulidwa, zonse ndi ndalama zawo. paokha. Palibe kopeck imodzi yomwe idalandiridwa kuchokera ku bajeti yachigawo pansi pa pulogalamu yolengezedwa. Ndalama zazikulu zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazolinga zamapangidwe ndi ukatswiri wa boma - kuchokera ku 12 mpaka 16,8 zikwi za rubles pa hekitala! Nthawi zina kumanga kumakhala kotsika mtengo kuposa kulipira ntchito ndi ndalama za polojekiti.
Akufuna kuyambitsa thandizo la hekitala. Mabizinesi aulimi amatha kupanga ndi kupanga zobwereketsa kapena ndalama zawo, ndi kulandira thandizo la malo omwe akhazikitsidwa. Kukula kwa subsidy kumatha kukhala pafupifupi ma ruble 10 pa hekitala, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zaperekedwa komanso kuyerekeza kwa ndalama zomwe boma likuchita. Thandizo lolingaliridwali likhoza kulimbikitsa kuwonjezeka kwa malo omwe alandidwanso. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa chithandizo cha bajeti choterechi kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zotheka kukulitsa kukonzanso malo m'minda yamasamba ndipo, mopanda kufunikira, kutsatira zomwe akufuna, popeza madera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni amagwirizana ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito limodzi, ndipo sanaphatikizidwe mu ziwerengero zowerengera ndalama.
Kusungirako
Malinga ndi kalembera waulimi, mu 2006 mphamvu yosungira mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba kamodzi inali pafupifupi matani 6,5 miliyoni, pomwe matani 4,4 miliyoni (67%) adagwera pamabizinesi akulu ndi apakati. Munthawi ya 2007 mpaka 2011, malo osungira omwe ali ndi matani pafupifupi 400 adatumizidwanso. Choncho, lero pali zinthu ndi luso m'munsi kuti amalola kusunga pafupifupi matani asanu ndi awiri miliyoni mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
Zomwe boma limathandizira mderali pansi pa State Programme 2013 sizinadziwikebe, Union ya Potato yaku Russia idzapempha Unduna wa Zaulimi popanga malamulo oyendetsera chiwongola dzanja cha chiwongola dzanja (ngongole) pazachitukuko. za kupanga mbewu, kukonza ndi kupereka misika yopanga mbewu ", kupereka mwayi wopeza ngongole za zida zosungira, kuphatikiza firiji, mosasamala kanthu za dziko lochokera. Komanso kupereka, mkati mwa dongosolo lothandizira mapulogalamu ofunika kwambiri azachuma a mabungwe omwe ali ku Russian Federation pazakupanga mbewu ndi kukhazikitsa mapulojekiti apamwamba pazachuma chamakampani, kubweza chiwongola dzanja chamtengo pa tani yosungira nthawi ya kumanga matanki atsopano osungira.
Processing wa mbatata ndi masamba
Pachikhalidwe ku Russia, mbatata ndi imodzi mwazakudya zazikulu. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zinthu zouma mu mbatata za tuberous, panthawi yosungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, zotayika sizingapeweke chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda ake.
Zotayika izi, chifukwa chosowa malo osungiramo zinthu zamakono komanso kusowa kwanthawi zambiri kwa mafamu ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati kuti akhale ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zotere, amatha kufikira 25-30% ya kuchuluka kwa mbatata zomwe zimasungidwa. Njira yothandiza kwambiri yochepetsera kuwonongeka ndikukonza mbatata kukhala zinthu za mbatata zomwe zimatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali (osachepera chaka chimodzi) ndikusunga zopatsa thanzi komanso zamoyo zomwe zimapezeka mu mbatata zomwe zimatuluka.
Pokonza, zimakhala zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito tizigawo tambiri ta mbatata za tuberous, zomwe nthawi zambiri sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito konse. Kuchuluka kwa mbatata zotere kumatha kukhala 15-20% ya zokolola zonse za mbatata.
Potengera mayiko otsogola ku Europe, gawo la mbatata pokonza limachokera ku 30 mpaka 80%. Ndi 2% yokha yazinthu zopangidwa ku Russia.
Pokhudzana ndi kuthetsedwa kwa kupereka thandizo ndi thandizo kwa mabizinesi ogulitsa mafakitale, kuchuluka ndi kuthekera kwa mabizinesi omwe amapanga wowuma wa mbatata mu 1990-1995 kudatsika kasanu ndipo m'zaka zaposachedwa zidayamba kuyandikira zizindikiro za pre-perestroika. .
Mu 2011, pafupifupi matani 35 a zinthu za mbatata zokwana $ 31 miliyoni adaperekedwa kumsika wathu wochokera kunja, ndipo pazaka zisanu zapitazi, mitengo ya mbatata yochokera kunja yatsala pang'ono kuwirikiza kawiri.
Limodzi mwa njira zodalirika zopezera zinthu za mbatata ndi kupanga ma flakes a mbatata. Ichi ndi mankhwala achilengedwe apamwamba kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonzekera zakudya m'magulu okonzekera, kuphatikizapo mabungwe omwe amathandizidwa mokwanira ndi boma. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ma flakes a mbatata kumapangitsa kuti m'malo mwa mbatata yachilengedwe mukonzekere chakudya kumadera akutali, mayendedwe ndi kusungirako ma flakes safuna zinthu zapadera, samawopa kutentha koyipa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kilogalamu imodzi ya flakes ya mbatata imatha kusintha pafupifupi ma kilogalamu asanu ndi awiri a mbatata zachilengedwe. Pakuphika, mbatata yosenda imapezedwa, osati yotsika kuposa mbatata yosenda yokonzedwa kuchokera ku mbatata yatsopano.
Pakadali pano pali opanga ma flakes asanu ku Russia. Okwana kupanga voliyumu 2011 ndi za 23 zikwi matani. Nthawi yomweyo, lero zoposa 40% ya kuchuluka kwa mbatata zomwe zimadyedwa ku Russia zimatumizidwa kunja. Ma flakes amatumizidwa makamaka kuchokera kumayiko a EU. Chifukwa cha mfundo zaulimi zothandizidwa ndi EU ndi njira zolimbikitsa olima am'deralo, zogulitsa kuchokera kunja zimakhala ndi phindu pamtengo kuposa zapakhomo. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha mipata yomwe idavomerezedwa kale pamalamulo, kwa zaka zingapo zinthu za mbatata zomwe zidatumizidwa kunja zidaperekedwa ndi msonkho wa 10%, ndipo kwa mapurosesa apanyumba mtengo wa VAT unali 18%. Pochita zomwe mamembala a Mgwirizanowu komanso mothandizidwa ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi, mu Meyi chaka chino, kusintha kwadongosolo kudapangidwa, ndipo kusalinganikako kudathetsedwa. Kodi msika udzachita bwanji ndi zosinthazi? Chotsatira chidzatsatiridwa ndikuwunikidwa pamodzi ndi otembenuza.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, pokhudzana ndi kujowina WTO, m'pofunika kuchitapo kanthu pothandizira kukonza zapakhomo - kuchepetsa VAT kwa iwo 10%.
Kubala ndi kubzala mbewu
Ubwino wa zinthu zogulitsidwa zimatengera mtundu wa mbewu. 99% ya mbatata zomwe zimapita kumalo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndikukonzedwa zimabzalidwa kuchokera ku njere zamtengo wapatali zochokera kunja.
M'dziko muno mulibe kusankha ndi kupanga mbewu, pomwe malamulo omwe alipo komanso malamulo sapereka mwayi wachitukuko. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, palibe lingaliro ndi zofunikira pazigawo zosungirako zopangira mbatata, kuchuluka kwa mibadwo ndi mbewu zambatata zoberekera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi ndizopanda malire, malamulo a patent. M'pofunika kukhazikitsa malamulo kulengedwa kwa interregional kusankha ndi malo kukula mbewu ndi kudziwa mitundu thandizo boma. Mamembala a Potato Union akukhulupirira kuti kasamalidwe ka njirazi sayenera kusiyidwa chifundo cha anthu omwe aphunzitsidwa, bungweli likhazikitse malamulo, ndipo maphunzirowo ayang'anire momwe ntchito zikuyendera komanso madera otetezedwa. Mwina izi ndi zenizeni, koma ndizofunikira kwa mbatata.
Mu State Register of Breeding Achievements of Russia, mitundu 318 idalembetsedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, mitundu yosapitilira 40-45 imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu popanga. Mitundu khumi yotchuka kwambiri imabzalidwa pa 70-80% ya malo ofesedwa, ndipo gawo la mitundu yaku Russia momwemo ndi 30% yokha. Pali mitundu 167 yosankhidwa yaku Russia mu State Register ya Russian Federation, yomwe ndi theka la olembetsa onse, koma mwa iwo mitundu 20-25 yokha ndiyomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu popanga zigawo zosiyanasiyana za Russia.
Ndizodziwika kuti mu State Register 7% imaperekedwa ku zomwe Republic of Belarus achita, ndipo ali ndi mitundu yaku Russia 2% yokha, m'mafananidwe akunja a Register Russian mitundu siyiyimiridwa.Ndi chigamulo cha msonkhano wachiwiri wasayansi ndi wothandiza "Genetic and agro-technology zothandizira kukonza zakudya ndi mbatata zamakampani", zomwe zidachitika ndi Potato Union ku Moscow mu Marichi 2012, zidadziwika kuti, ngakhale pali zovuta ndi zovuta zonse. , chaka chilichonse obereketsa athu amalenga, patent ndi kulembetsa mu State Register angapo mitundu yatsopano ya mbatata, ndipo gawo lalikulu la iwo ndi apamwamba kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale kuposa mitundu yachilendo mu magawo angapo. Mitundu yapakhomo imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zosinthika, kukana chilala, choipitsa mochedwa ndi matenda ena. Komabe, mabungwe asayansi nthawi zambiri alibe ndalama zogulira "kutsatsa" kwawo komanso, chofunikira kwambiri, kupanga mbewu zawo zoyambirira komanso zapamwamba, popeza palibe ndalama za boma zopangira mbewu zotere (ntchitoyi imayikidwa ndi lamulo ngati ntchito yamalonda).
Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri ma patent amitundu yatsopano amakhala "zokongoletsa" chabe za malipoti a mabungwe asayansi, ndipo pakapita nthawi yochepa, amachotsedwa mwakachetechete komanso mosazindikira kutetezedwa chifukwa chosalipira chindapusa.
Kwa makampani owerengeka ambewu omwe amapezeka ku Russia, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala amalonda komanso osakhudzana ndi obereketsa kapena ovomerezeka mwalamulo ndi obereketsa ndi omwe ali ndi patent, ndizopanda phindu pazachuma kulimbikitsa misika, kuchiritsa, kuwongolera mitundu yamitundu yatsopano yamitundu yatsopano. oyambitsa m'nyumba, omwe amafunikanso kulipira malipiro. Ndikosavuta kwa iwo kugwira ntchito ndi mbewu zomwe zimadziwika kale, zachikale komanso zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zambiri zamitundu 10-30 zodziwika bwino "zamtundu". Kukula kofooka kwa zoweta zapakhomo komanso zakusankhira mbewu sikumakwaniritsa zosowa za opanga akuluakulu, omwe amakakamizika kugula mbewu zambiri, monga lamulo, zobereketsa zochepa, kunja ndikuyang'ana pakukula kwamitundu yakunja.
Choopsa china, malinga ndi mamembala a Union, ndi kuitanitsa kwakukulu kwa mbatata zambewu kuchokera kunja, zomwe zingathe kutsogolera (ndipo zatsogolera kale) kuitanitsa ndi kufalikira kwa zinthu zingapo zoopsa kwambiri zomwe zimakhala zovulaza komanso makamaka. Mitundu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi fungicides ku Russia ndi mitundu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (kuchedwa choipitsa, bacteriosis, mavairasi).
Ndikofunikira pakukonzanso dongosolo la kuyesa kosiyanasiyana kwa boma ndikuvomera mitundu yakunja ndi chitetezo kuti tisunge ndi kulimbikitsa njira zotetezera thanzi la phytosanitary mdziko. Pakufunika ma laboratories omwe amatha kuyang'anira kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimawononga tizilombo, makamaka kuopsa kwawo komanso kukana mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Mpaka posachedwa, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chothandizira boma pakulima mbewu chinali kupereka ndalama zothandizira anthu osankhika. Chaka chatha, thandizo lazachuma pakugwiritsa ntchito kutulutsa kwakukulu kwa mbatata linali pafupifupi ma ruble 7. pa kilogalamu, amene anali 20-25 zikwi rubles. pa hekitala. Pakadali pano, Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russian Federation ukuganiziranso zosankha zochotsera ndalama zothandizira mbatata zapamwamba kapena kuchepetsa thandizo mpaka ma ruble 2-3. pa kilogalamu, ndiye kuti, chithandizocho chidzakhala ma ruble 6-10 zikwi. pa hekitala.
Pachifukwa ichi, Potato Union idzapempha Unduna wa Zaulimi kuti upereke mu "Malamulo operekera ndi kugawa thandizo kuchokera ku bajeti ya federal kupita ku bajeti za mabungwe omwe ali m'chigawo cha Russian Federation kuti athandizidwe kuti asinthe ndondomeko yogawira thandizo. kuti apititse patsogolo ulimi wa mbeu osankhika, kutumiza malisiti awo kuchokera kwa ogula mbewu kupita kwa omwe akupanga.
Opanga zaulimi ndi mitengo yamalonda
Kukhazikitsa boma labwino kwa olima ulimi pothana ndi gawo la magawo a mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba pamsika wogulitsa, kutanthauza, kutanthauzira kwa malamulo owonekera komanso ofananirako pamagawo onse a kufalikira kwa zinthu, ndichimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za chitukuko chamtsogolo cha omwe akutenga nawo mbali pamsika. Zotsika mtengo komanso zapamwamba ndizofunikira kuti mupikisane ndi zogula kuchokera kunja. M'nyengo yozizira ya chaka chino, malinga ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi mamembala a mgwirizanowu, 40% ya voliyumuyo inatengedwa ndi katundu wochokera kunja kwa masitolo, ndipo ponena za zogulitsa, onse 60%. Popeza mbatata zoweta zimawononga ma ruble 10 / kg, ndipo zotumizidwa kunja - 50-60 rubles / kg. Ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kuti maunyolo azichita bizinesi ndi mbatata yotsika mtengo yochokera kunja, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yabwinoko, yopakidwa ndikutsukidwa.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, msika uli ndi zopereka zokwanira kuchokera kwa ogulitsa apakhomo omwe ali ndi khalidwe lofanana ndi zizindikiro zina za ogula. Zimadziwika kuti kufalikira kwa kuchuluka kwazinthu zapaintaneti sikuli kwa opanga, koma kwa ogulitsa ndi kutengapo gawo kwa anthu omwe amagwira ntchito mwachindunji pamaneti kapena pazakudya ndi ogula.
Ngakhale panthawi yokolola zambiri m'maketani ogulitsa omwe amapereka madera akuluakulu, makamaka ku Central ndi Northwestern Federal Districts, theka la mbatata zomwe zaperekedwa si za Russia. Maukonde ogulitsa ndi okonzeka kugwira ntchito ndi zinthu zomwe zatumizidwa kunja chifukwa cha gawo la bonasi yayikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, maunyolo ogulitsa amagwiritsa ntchito zofuna zawo pazabwino komanso kuvomereza kwazinthu, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta pakugawira zinthu.
Mu Ogasiti, Potato Union idayang'anira gawo la maunyolo ogulitsa m'chigawo cha Moscow. Panthawi yomwe minda pafupi ndi Moscow inayamba kukolola zinthu zambiri, kulamulira kwa kaloti zochokera kunja kunalembedwa pamtengo wa pafupifupi 35 rubles pa kilogalamu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa ogulitsa m'deralo unali 13-15 rubles.
Malinga ndi zotsatira za kuwunika kwa msika wa mbatata ndi zinthu zamasamba, zomwe zidachitika ndi mamembala a Potato Union m'zaka khumi zoyambirira za Okutobala, zotsatirazi zidalembedwa: mbatata yotsuka ndi mtengo wa 80 ruble / kg imakula pamashelefu. m'masitolo unyolo mu Moscow pa 50%. Mbatata zosasamba zimagulitsidwa pamlingo wa 17 rubles / kg. Zogulitsa kunja zimatenga pafupifupi 40% ya mbatata yotsuka ndi 46% ya kaloti otsukidwa.
Pafupifupi, kumadera ena aku Russia, mbatata yotsuka ndi yosasambitsidwa imapanga chiŵerengero cha 50/50, ndipo palibe zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja pano.
Ku Europe, kuyambira zaka za m'ma 60 zazaka zapitazi, lamulo logwirizana la RUCIP lakhala likugwira ntchito, lomwe limafotokoza malamulo onse ndi mikhalidwe yogulitsira mbatata zatsopano ndi masamba.
M'machitidwe amakono amgwirizano, omwe akutenga nawo gawo pamsika waku Europe amangokambirana zofunikira zokha (mtengo, nthawi, kulongedza), ndipo zina zonse zaubwenzi zimayendetsedwa ndi maumboni a RUCIP.
Tsoka ilo, ku Russia, maunyolo ogulitsa amagwiritsa ntchito zofuna zawo pazabwino komanso kuvomereza kwazinthu, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta pakubweretsa. Union of Potato and Vegetable Market Participants ndi okonzeka kuvomereza mgwirizano wofanana (malamulo) ndi Association of Retail Companies.
Kuphatikiza apo, Potato Union ipempha Unduna wa Zaulimi kuti:
- Tsegulani zosintha ku Federal Law "Pa Maziko a State Regulation of Trade Activities mu Russian Federation", ndikupereka chitukuko ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa miyezo yolumikizana pakati pa opanga zinthu zaulimi ndi ogulitsa (potengera zofunikira pazamalonda, kasamalidwe, kukhazikitsa malamulo aukadaulo);
- Kusintha Lamulo la Boma la Russian Federation la Julayi 15, 2010 No. 530 molingana ndi Mndandanda wa mitundu ina yazakudya zofunika kwambiri pagulu (pogula ndalama zina zomwe bungwe lazachuma lomwe likuchita nawo malonda silili. amaloledwa kulipira malipiro) malinga ndi zowonjezera zake ndi zinthu: mbatata molingana ndi GOST R 51808-2001, beets malinga ndi GOST R 51811-2001, kaloti malinga ndi GOST R 51782-2001, kabichi malinga ndi GOST R 51809 ndi anyezi molingana ndi GOST R 2001-51783;
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Phatikizani ma beets a canteen mu Mndandanda wa mitundu ina yazakudya zofunika kwambiri pagulu, zomwe mitengo yovomerezeka yovomerezeka imatha kukhazikitsidwa (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 15, 2010 No. 530), monga chikhalidwe chokha cha "borscht" sinaphatikizidwe pamndandanda womwe uli pamwambapa ...
Kupikisana kwa mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba pa malonda ogulitsa kumadalira momwe zinthu ziliri pamsika wa mbatata mdziko muno ndipo zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zotsatira za ntchito yolima mbewu monga ulimi wokha, kubwezeretsanso nthaka, kusankha ndi kupanga mbewu, kusunga ndi kukonza. . Mitengo yamalonda imakhudzanso mpikisano wa mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Kuti musunge zabwino zazinthu zapakhomo pamsika, ndikofunikira kulabadira kwambiri chitukuko cha zomangamanga zagawo la mbatata ndi masamba.
Deta yowerengera yoperekedwa ndi Potato Union of the Russian Federation ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi wa Chitaganya cha Russia