Oleg Radin, Purezidenti wa Association of Russian Producers of Starch and Treacle Products "Roskrakhmalpatoka".
Gawo la wowuma mbatata pakadali pano limakhala gawo laling'ono pamakampani opanga wowuma.
Kuchuluka kwa msika waku Russia wa wowuma wa mbatata akuyerekezedwa mpaka matani 28 ndipo 70% imaperekedwa ndi zogulitsa kunja.
Mu 2018, Russia idapanga matani 10 a wowuma mbatata, omwe ndi matani 727 ochepera chaka chathachi, ndi matani 96 kuposa a 1351. Poyambira kusintha komwe kwakhudza, mwachitsanzo, gawo la kupanga wowuma wa tirigu, kusinthaku kungatchulidwe kochepa. Mwa zina, zimakhudzana ndikuti kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa wowetera mbatata waku Russia amapangidwa ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono - amalonda payekha (izi ndizowona makamaka pazogulitsa zamagulu ophikira makeke ndi buledi), zomwe zimawoneka ndikusowa mwachangu.
Kukhazikika pamsika kumatsimikizidwanso ndi ziwerengero zina. Makamaka, mu 2018, matani zikwi 18,0 a wowuma wa mbatata adatumizidwa ku Russian Federation (omwe amapereka kwambiri: Belarus, Denmark, France, Germany ndi Poland), pafupifupi pamlingo womwewo, zoperekazo zidachitika zaka zapitazo (matani zikwi 18,1). matani mu 2017 ndi matani zikwi 16,4 mu 2016). Magulu otumiza kunja mzaka zaposachedwa sanasinthe kwambiri: mu 2018 - matani zikwi 1,3, mu 2017 ndi 2016 - 1,5 ndi 1,1 zikwi matani, motsatana.
Mwachikhalidwe, wowuma wowaza mbatata ku Russia amakhala ndi msika wokhazikika wazakudya mosalekeza. Popanga zinthu zamtundu wanji amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka? Kodi zofunika ndi ogula ndi ziti? Nanga tsogolo la malondawa ndi lotani? Kuti mupeze mayankho oyenera pamafunso onsewa, bungwe la Roskrakhmalpatoka Association lidachita kafukufuku yemwe makampani 34 adatenga nawo gawo - mabizinesi a nyama, zophikira, zopangira chakudya, mafakitale ophika buledi - ogula akulu wowuma mbatata. Mwa omwe adafunsidwa, titha kudziwa, mwachitsanzo, LLC "Russkart", wopanga zinthu zokhwasula-khwasula (kuchuluka kwa zakumwa za mbatata zachilengedwe ndi matani 240-250 / mwezi); OJSC Tsaritsyno, kampani yopanga masoseji ndi nyama (kuchuluka kwa zakumwa za mbatata zakubadwa ndi matani 100 / mwezi); chomera chonyamula nyama "Dubki" (kuchuluka kwa zakumwa za mbatata zowuma - matani 60 / mwezi).
Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti malo okhazikika a wowuma wa mbatata amaperekedwa makamaka ndi ogulitsa nyama. Ndiwo mtundu wowuma womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga pokonza masoseji owira ndi ma hams, zina nyama (wowuma amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yotsika mtengo yotsimikizira ndipo imaphatikizidwapo pamapangidwe a 65-70% ya mayina azogulitsa) ndi ma sauces (ophatikizidwa ndi zomwe zimapatsa 10-15% yamazina azinthu). Kuphatikiza apo, wowuma wowaza mbatata amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma confectionery - ndichofunikira popangira makeke, ma muffin, ndi zinthu zina zophika (10-15% yamaina azogulitsa). Zimakhalanso zovuta kuchita popanda wowuma wa mbatata popanga zakudya zowonjezera (zakudya, zonunkhira, zokometsera, msuzi), zosakaniza zonunkhira (mafuta, zowonjezera, zodzaza), Zakudyazi (5-10% yamazina azinthu).
Opanga zinthu amasankha zotsika mtengo kwambiri (poyerekeza ndi chimanga ndi tirigu) wowuma wa mbatata makamaka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino komanso owonekera.
Tikuzindikiranso kuti ambiri mwa omwe anachita nawo kafukufukuyu (85%) sakonzekera kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mbatata m'tsogolo. Ofunsidwa awiri okha ndi omwe amalosera kuthekera kwosiya chinthuchi pokhapokha kusintha kwa kapangidwe kazinthu, ndipo m'modzi yekha ndi amene azilowetsa wowuma wabwinowo ndi omwe asinthidwa posachedwa (popeza kusinthidwa pamtengo wotsikirapo kuli ndi katundu wamaso abwino).
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pafupifupi theka la ofunsidwa (ogula 15) amagwiritsa ntchito wowuma wa mbatata pantchito yawo. Nthawi yomweyo, anthu 9 okha omwe adachita kafukufukuyu ndi omwe adatha kulemba mayina amabizinesi aku Russia omwe amagwira ntchito popanga mbatata. Omwe amatchulidwa kwambiri anali Pleshcheyev Starch Plant, Chuvashyenkrakhal ndi Mglinsky Starch Plant.
Ophunzira 15 adayankhanso ku pempholi kuti afotokozere zomwe opanga apanga kuti azigulitsa. Mwambiri, kuyankha kosakanikirana kungapangidwe motere: "Aliyense ali ndi zabwino zofanana komanso zotsika mtengo."
Choyimira chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza kusankha kwa ena opanga mbatata, ogula amawatcha abwino "mtengo / mtengo". Chotsatira mwa kufunikira kwake chinali njira yotumizira ndi ndalama za malipiro.
Nawonso, mwa 34 omwe anafunsidwa, 29 mosakayikira adalemba mndandanda wazomwe amapanga kwambiri wowuma wa mbatata. Zambiri zomwe zidanenedwa ndi KMC, Pepees, Roquette, Cargill.
Pakufufuza kwa ogula mbatata zakunja, aliyense adati mtengo wake ndi mtundu wa zomwe agulitsidwe kukhala njira yayikulu yosankhira, mawuwo adadzafika lachitatu. Komanso kwa ogula ambiri gawo lalikulu limaseweredwa ndi kupezeka kwa zikalata zakugwirizana za katunduyo.
Zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti msika wa mbatata ukhale wowuma kwambiri anali ambiri omwe amatenga nawo mbali kafukufukuyu atchedwa kufooka kwachuma komanso kuchepa / kusakhalapo kwa kukula kwa kapangidwe ka zakudya motsutsana ndi maziko ano.
Kupitiliza lingaliro ili, titha kuganiza kuti munthawi yayitali, pakakhala mavuto azachuma, msika wowuma wa mbatata ukhalabe wosakhazikika ndipo, mwina, ngakhale magawo owoneka bwino adzawonekera chifukwa cha kukulira kwa magawo ogwiritsira ntchito. Chiyembekezo chotheka chotukuka, malinga ndi zomwe tawona, makamaka zimakhudzana ndi nthambi ziwiri zamagulu azakudya - soseji ndi mkaka. Nthawi yomweyo, woyambayo ayenera kukhala woyendetsa wamkulu wofunafuna chifukwa cha msika waukulu kwambiri, ndipo udindo wa omalizira udalira pazinthu zingapo: choyambirira, pakufuna kwa ogula.
Pakachuma kosakhazikika, zofuna zitha kuyambika, mwachitsanzo, panjira ya curd ndi wowawasa zonona (zodzaza makampani a confectionery). Kuno, wowuma mbatata wachilengedwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lamalo opangira mkaka wokwera mtengo.
Tikugogomezera kuti m'magulu onse awiriwa - popanga soseji ndi zinthu za mkaka - wowuma mbatata amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa mtengo wazogulitsa zomaliza, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pamavuto azachuma.
M'mikhalidwe ina yachuma, zochitika zomwe zimachitika mwachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, ndizotheka kuti wowonda wa mbatata azifuna kwambiri popanga zakudya zopatsa thanzi.