Mitundu yatsopano ya mbatata, matekinoloje oteteza mbewu ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga adaperekedwa pamsonkhano wofufuza ndi kupanga ku South Ural Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato Growing (YUNIISK) ku Chelyabinsk. Otsogolera ndi ogwira ntchito pasukuluyi adalankhula za zotsatira zatsopano zoweta mbatata.
Seminaleyi idabwera ndi osewera Woyamba Wachiwiri Minister of Agriculture wa Chelyabinsk Region Alexander Zavalishchin ndi mutu wa dipatimenti ya zokolola mbewu ndi mitundu yaing'ono ulimi wa dera Utumiki wa Agriculture Yuri Zasypkin, mutu watsopano wa YuUNIISK - nthambi ya Ural Federal Agrarian Research. Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Agrarian Scientific Center) Nikolai Glaz, komanso oimira makampani ogulitsa zinthu zoteteza mbewu, mabungwe asayansi a zigawo za Sverdlovsk ndi Orenburg, akatswiri azachuma aku South Ural mabizinesi olima mbatata.
Potsegula seminayi, Alexander Zavalishchin adanena kuti lero dera la Chelyabinsk lapindula bwino popanga zinyama, makamaka nkhuku ndi nkhumba - mu kusanja kwa zigawo za Russia, zimatenga malo achiwiri ndi achisanu ndi chimodzi, motero. Derali likuwonetsanso zotsatira zabwino pakukonza mbewu komanso kulima mbewu zamafuta. Mbatata imabzalidwanso m'mavoliyumu ambiri, m'mabizinesi ophatikizana komanso m'nyumba.
"Mu 2018, mabungwe omwe amalima mbatata ndi mafamu okha adakula ndikukolola matani 146 a mbatata," adatero wotsogolera wamkulu. Wachiwiri kwa Nduna Yoyamba, - pazaka makumi awiri zapitazi izi ndi zokolola zambiri m'derali. Mwa voliyumu iyi, matani 40 a mbatata amatumizidwa kunja kukagulitsa kunja kwa dera. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwazinthu zopanga, opanga akukumana ndi vuto lakugulitsa zinthu zonsezi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ogula ndi maunyolo ogulitsa sakhutira ndi chinachake. Ndikofunikira kusanthula momwe msika ukuyendera, zofunikira zamalonda ndikupanga ntchito kwa asayansi kuti apange mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ikufunika pamsika.
Mtsogoleri wa bungweli, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, adalankhula za mitundu yatsopano ya mbatata yomwe idabzalidwa ku SUNIISC ndikuyesedwa masiku ano. Nikolay Glaz :
- A wolonjeza malangizo kwa ife ndi chilengedwe cha mitundu yoyenera mafakitale processing. Pakadali pano, mitundu ya mbatata ya Zakhar ikuyesedwa m'boma ndipo ikuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino zoyambira. Tikukhulupirira kuti kutengera zotsatira za mayeso a 2020, izi zitha kugawidwa m'magawo. Mitundu ya mbatata ya Kashtak, mtundu wozama, idatumizidwa kuti iyesedwe ndi boma mu 2018.
Mu 2019, mitundu yatsopano yolimbana ndi khansa ndi nematode, pansi pa dzina logwira ntchito "Albatrosi" Mitundu iyi imakhala ndi zokolola zokwana matani 50 pa hekitala, wowuma ndi 18 peresenti, komanso kukoma kwabwino kwambiri. Miyezo yayikulu ya kukana matenda komanso moyo wabwino kwambiri wa alumali panthawi yosungira.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zoswana zamakono ndikupanga mitundu yokhala ndi zamkati zamitundu yamitundu, Nikolai Glaz adapitiliza. - Chimodzi mwa zitsanzozi chikukonzekera kuperekedwa kuti chiyesedwe posachedwa. Zomwe bungwe lolima mbatata likuchita ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi anthu akudera la Chelyabinsk. Ogula amayamikira kukoma kwapamwamba kwa mitundu yathu. Kusunga bwino mbeu za ma tubers obzalidwa mbatata kumatsimikizirika kudzera mu machiritso a meristem ndi kupanga mbewu zoyambirira.
Mwa mitundu yomwe idabzalidwa ku SKNIISK m'zaka zaposachedwa ndikuyesedwa kosiyanasiyana, ndikofunikira kutchula Kuzovok, Braslet, Kavaler, Itsil. Mitundu iyi imayikidwa ngati yosamva matenda komanso yotetezedwa bwino.
Masiku ano, mabizinesi olima mbatata amalima makamaka mbatata zamitundu ya Nevsky - yopitilira theka lazomera zobzala m'dera la Chelyabinsk - mahekitala 1549. Mitundu yobzalidwa ndi YUNIISK imakhala ndi gawo locheperako - mitundu ya Tarasov - mahekitala 22, mitundu ya Spiridon - mahekitala 5 okha. Chiwerengero chonse cha mitundu yomwe imabzalidwa masiku ano m'chigawo cha Chelyabinsk ndi 25, pomwe mitundu isanu yokha ndiyomwe imalimidwa kumadera akumwera kwa Urals. Kuphatikiza pa Nevsky, zobzala zazikulu kwambiri zimatengedwa ndi mitundu ya Romano ndi Rosara, yosankhidwa ku Dutch ndi Germany, motsatana.
Mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti ya zokolola ndi mitundu yaying'ono yaulimi wa Unduna wa Zaulimi wachigawo, Yuri Zasypkin, adanena m'mawu ake kuti ndikofunikira kuonjezera kupanga mbewu za mbatata. Iye adanena kuti chaka chatha, South Ural Institute of Horticulture and Potato Growing inakonzedwanso mwa kujowina monga nthambi ya Ural Agricultural Research Center ndipo, pokhudzana ndi izi, adalandira chilimbikitso chatsopano cha chitukuko china.
"Malinga ndi zomwe zanenedweratu, matani pafupifupi 2019 a mbatata adzakulitsidwa m'mabizinesi aulimi mu 120," atero Yuri Zasypkin. - Voliyumuyi ndi yokwanira kupereka kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chiwerengero cha anthu a m'deralo, poganizira zogulitsa kunja. Kupanga mbatata kumachitika makamaka kumadera apafupi ndi Chelyabinsk - awa ndi zigawo za Argayashsky, Sosnovsky ndi Krasnoarmeysky. Amawerengera zoposa 75% yazambiri zambatata zomwe zimapangidwa m'derali. Malo akuluakulu pansi pa mbatata ku JSC Agricultural Enterprise "Krasnoarmeyskoe" (mahekitala 400), Agricultural Production Enterprise "Chernovskoy" (mahekitala 400), Peasant Farm Mursalov - (mahekitala 270), OJSC "Sovkhoz Akbashevsky" (mahekitala 250). Dera lalikulu kwambiri lobzala mbatata lili pafamu ya anthu wamba ya Makhmadov - mahekitala opitilira 600; famuyi leronso ndi mnzake wa bungwe lathu lolima mbatata.
Yuri Zasypkin adauza omwe adachita nawo seminayi mwatsatanetsatane za thandizo lomwe boma likuchita pamabizinesi olima mbatata. Olima mbatata atha kutengapo mwayi pa chithandizo chosagwirizana ndi izi: mu 2019, bajeti yachigawo idapereka ma ruble 23 miliyoni kulima mbewu zambatata ndi masamba otseguka, ndi 35 miliyoni kulima mbatata ndi mbewu zamafuta. Kuthandizira kupanga mbewu zapamwamba - ma ruble 101 miliyoni. Kuphatikiza apo, bajetiyo imapereka chithandizo chaboma pakugula makina aulimi pamtengo wapachaka wa ma ruble 200 miliyoni, zothandizira pomanga malo aulimi, mwachitsanzo, malo osungira mbatata, kuchuluka kwa ma ruble 115 miliyoni. Chiwerengero chonse cha thandizo la boma pa kugula feteleza wamchere ndi ma ruble 40 miliyoni, kubweza malo olima ku ulimi - ma ruble 30 miliyoni.
Pamsonkhanowu, mutu wofunikira kwambiri woteteza mbatata ku matenda osiyanasiyana udakwezedwa: choipitsa mochedwa, nematodes, choipitsa cha Alternaria ndi ena. Lyudmila Kuznetsova, woimira dera la kampaniyo m'chigawo cha Chelyabinsk, adanena za mankhwala a Bayer omwe amatsutsa bwino matenda. Analankhula za fungicides omwe amagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a mbatata, komanso motsutsana ndi namsongole.
Ksenia Vanina, wamkulu wa dipatimenti yoteteza mbewu kunthambi ya Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" m'chigawo cha Chelyabinsk, adauza omwe adatenga nawo gawoli za chikhalidwe cha phytosanitary chobzala mbatata ku Southern Urals mu 2019. Mwa okamba analinso wachiwiri kwa mutu wa Ural Research Institute of Agriculture (Ekaterinburg), phungu wa sayansi yaulimi Alexander Shanin.
Adalankhula za momwe kuswana mbatata ku Ural Federal District komanso ku Russia konse. Dokotala wa Sayansi ya Zaulimi Alexander Mushinsky, wamkulu wa dipatimenti yolima mbatata ku Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies ya Russian Academy of Sciences, adauza omvera za zotsatira za kuyezetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata yosankhidwa ndi YuUNIISK mdera la steppe la Orenburg dera.
Monga gawo la seminayi, omwe adatenga nawo gawo adayendera ziwembu zoyeserera m'minda ya SUNIISC, pomwe adawunika momwe adabzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata ndikulawa zakudya zokonzedwa kuchokera ku mbatatayi.
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