Frosts imabwera kumadera ena aku Russia, kutentha ndi chilala m'madera ena, ndipo mvula imasefukira lachitatu. Kodi zovuta zachilengedwe zitha bwanji kukolola mbatata m'tsogolo komanso msika? Pankhani imeneyi, wolemba nkhani m’magazini athu analankhula ndi alimi a ku North Caucasus, ku Urals, pakati pa Russia ndi Siberia.
Yury Ushakov, KFH Ushakov Yu. G., Stavropol Territory
- Mu nyengo yatsopano, tidawonjezera pang'ono malo omwe tikukhalamo. Panali mbatata zokha zomwe zidatsala, zomwe zidakula kuti ziwombole, koma osagulidwa ndi makasitomala chifukwa chamavuto azachuma, tinaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito.
Nthawiyinso nyengo si yabwino. M’mwezi wa May ndi June, m’derali munagwa mvula yamphamvu, ndipo choipitsa mochedwa chinayamba pa mbatata. Mlungu woyamba wa July unakhala wouma, ndi mphepo yamphamvu ya kummawa, yomwe ilinso vuto lalikulu kwa ife. Zimakhalabe kuyembekezera nyengo yotentha isanathe kumapeto kwa chilimwe, zomwe zidzalola kuti tubers kunenepa ndikupanga khungu. Ndipo m'nyengo yophukira kukolola pa nthawi yake.
Nyengo sizinatikomere kwa zaka zingapo, ndipo n'zosatheka kukula mbatata oyambirira. Tili m'chigawo cha Piedmont, kumpoto kwa mudzi wa Borgustanskaya, pamtunda wa mamita 1,2-1,4 pamwamba pa nyanja. Masika pano ndi ozizira, dziko limatentha kwa nthawi yayitali, kotero kubzala kumayamba pambuyo pake.
Mu 2023, mbatata zazing'ono zochokera kwa ogulitsa akunja mwamwambo zinali zoyamba kuwonekera m'derali. Ndiyeno nzika za Krasnodar zinadza kwa ife ambiri, ndipo lero malonda awo amaimiridwa makamaka pamisika yapafupi. Kwa zaka zingapo zapitazi, sipanakhalepo mtengo ngakhale wokolola koyambirira, ndipo ngati ma tubers aku Egypt amagulitsidwa ma ruble 50-60 pa kilogalamu, nthawi zina ngakhale 80, tsopano mtengo wamba watsika mpaka ma ruble 20.
Malinga ndi zomwe ndawonera, kufunikira kwa chikhalidwe kukupitirirabe kugwa, choncho ogulitsa amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri. Amapita ku Central Russia, komwe zinthu zaulimi zimakhala zotsika mtengo chifukwa cha mpikisano waukulu, kenako amazipereka kumadera onse. Tsopano mu ndondomeko yamtengo wapatali tiyenera kusintha kwa iwo, chifukwa sitingathe kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi masitolo a unyolo, makamaka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mavoti.
Chaka chatha, panalibe zovuta zokhazikitsa, zidayamba mu Januware ndi February 2023. Tinagulitsa mbatata zathu zomaliza mkatikati mwa mwezi wa April, titatha kuzisankha kachitatu. Ndikuganiza kuti tiyenera kukhala okonzeka kubwereza zomwezo, koma tidzagonjetsa zovuta zilizonse.
Elena Shubina, IP Shubina E. S., Sverdlovsk dera
– Masiku ano, zikhalidwe za mbewu zamasamba ndi mbatata zitha kutchedwa zovomerezeka. Koma tili ndi nkhawa kwambiri ndi zomwe zichitike m’miyezi ikubwerayi.
Chaka chapitacho, nyengo inali yabwino kwa mbatata: mvula yosalekeza komanso yamphamvu, kutentha kwapakati. Sitinathe kuzikwanira, chifukwa chikhalidwecho chinakula modabwitsa, ndipo palibe chomwe chinkawonetsera mavuto. Kenako kunabwera chilala choopsa. Kuyambira pakati pa Julayi ndi Ogasiti onse panalibe ngakhale mvula yaying'ono. Zotsatira zake, kukula kwa tubers kudayima, ndipo m'dzinja famuyo idakolola mtunduwo, womwe umatchedwa "nandolo". Ngakhale kuti mpaka pano zonse ndi zachilendo, muyenera kusamala muzoneneratu zanu.
M'derali, mbatata zoyamba zikugulitsidwa kale ndi mphamvu komanso zazikulu, monga ndikudziwira, kuchokera kudera la Astrakhan ndi Krasnodar Territory. Mitengo ndi yofanana ndi chilimwe chatha, palibe chosangalatsa. Tikukonzekera kuyamba kukumba ma tubers m'zaka khumi zoyambirira za September. Tilinso ndi nkhawa kuti kaya tidzasefukira mkati mwa kuyeretsa, monga momwe zinalili ndi anzathu ochokera kumadera ena mu 2022.
M'tsogolo kugulitsa mbatata ndi nkhawa. Sindikufunanso kutenga theka la mbewu kumalo otayirapo, chifukwa palibe njira yogulitsira, ngakhale pamtengo wotsika kwambiri. Zikuwoneka kuti palibe amene amafunikira mankhwalawa mwina m'dzinja, m'nyengo yozizira, kapena masika. Famuyo ilibe mapangano ndi maunyolo ogulitsa, oyimira pakati adawonetsa kusakhudzidwa kwathunthu. Anzathu okhazikika abizinesi, amene tinkawagulitsira ndiwo zamasamba ndi mbatata m’zaka za m’mbuyomo, anakana kugwirizana nawo.
Ndipo komabe, sitinachepetse malo omwe amalimidwa, tidawasiya pamlingo womwewo. Sindinganene kuti tikuyembekezera kutha kwa nyengo yabwino, koma sizopanda pake kuti amati: "Chiyembekezo chimamwalira pomaliza."
Tikupitilirabe chifukwa cha nyengo zopambana komanso zopindulitsa za 2020/21 ndi 2021/22, pomwe mitengo yayikulu ya mbatata idatipatsa ndalama zabwino. Kwa kilogalamu ya zinthu pamsika wogulitsa, adapereka ma ruble 30-40, ndipo ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa pambali zimatilola kupitiliza ntchito zathu. Komabe, sitingakwanitse kubwereka ngongole kapena kugula zinthu zazikulu, chifukwa timadziwa bwino mmene zinthu zilili. Malinga ndi zotsatira za nyengo yapitayi, chuma chinagwira ntchito mpaka ziro kapena kuchotsera pang'ono. Zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu ngati izi, ndipo chuma chathu chidzatheratu, sikudzakhala kotheka kukhala ndi moyo.
Vladislav Golubtsov, IP Golubtsov V. A., dera la Smolensk
- Dera la mbatata chaka chino silinachuluke. Sizikudziwikabe momwe zinthu zidzakhalire ndi malonda, ndipo mphamvu yosungirako famuyi ndi yochepa.
Kuyambira chiyambi cha nyengo, takhala tikusowa kwambiri mvula, ndipo zomera m'minda zikumva bwino kusowa kwa chinyezi. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito ku mbewu yayikulu - mbatata, ndi zomwe zimabzalidwa kasinthasintha.
Kwa milungu iŵiri pamphambano ya June ndi July, kunagwa mvula yaing’ono iŵiri yokha, ndipo zimenezi zisanachitike tinawona mvula yambiri komaliza pa April 20. Ndiye kuti, mu Meyi komanso pafupifupi mwezi wonse wa June, chilalacho chinapitilirabe masana kutentha kwa mpweya pamwamba pa 25 ° C. Mbewu zina zamasika zinalibe chinyezi chokwanira ngakhale kuti zingomera.
Chaka chatha, nyengo idatigwetsanso pansi, koma mwanjira ina. Kunagwa mvula mu May ndi June, pamene July ndi August kunali kotentha kwambiri popanda mvula. Kunagwa mvula pambuyo pa September 10, pamene ntchito yoyeretsa inayamba, ndipo zimenezi zinangosokoneza ntchito yonse kwa ife.
Tidzawona momwe kuwonongeka kwa mbatata kumawonongera tsopano kumapeto kwa nyengo. Zoonadi, zokolola sizidzakhalanso zofanana ndi zomwe zikukula bwino. Ngati mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe nthaka imalandira chinyezi chokwanira, zinthu zimatha ngakhale kutuluka, ndipo zotayika zidzakhala zochepa.
Sitingathe kupikisana ndi opanga zinthu zoyamba, ndipo mbatata zikacha m’minda mwathu, sizikhalanso zopikisana kwambiri. Ndikuchita kugulitsa ma tubers mu kugwa, makamaka kudzera mwa oyimira pakati, ndikuyika pafupifupi 30% ya voliyumu yonse yosungirako. Iyi ndi thumba lathu la mbewu, kuphatikiza zomwe zimatchedwa chitetezo. Ngati mbewu sizikusunga bwino, kapena ndikuwonjezera malo omwe mbewuyo imamera.
Kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga mpaka 5-15% ndikotheka ngati mbewu yambatata yam'mbuyomu idagulitsidwa bwino. Mwachitsanzo, ndikumvetsa kuti tili ndi ndalama zokwanira kumanga nyumba yosungiramo katundu ina. Ndiwo mphamvu yowonjezera yosungirako yomwe imapatsa famuyo mwayi wowonjezera. Komanso, njira zina zatsopano, zosangalatsa zothandizira boma zitha kukhala ngati kuwonjezeka kwamadera a mbatata. Koma apa zili kwa akuluakulu ngati akufuna kuthandiza alimi.
Pavel Shadrin, KFH Shadrin P. I., Altai Territory
- M’dera lathu, nyengo siithandiza kuti alimi akolole bwino. Panali chilala chachikulu ponse paŵiri m’ngululu ndi m’mwezi woyamba wa chirimwe. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa July m’pamene kunagwa mvula yabwinobwino, yonyowetsa nthaka. Nyengo ya 2022 inali yopambana kwambiri pankhaniyi, koma tidzatha kufananiza zaka ziwiri zapitazi kokha kugwa, kumapeto kwa zokolola.
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a nyengo, mbatata zonse zoyambirira zimatumizidwa kunja, makamaka kuchokera kumwera kwa Russia. Ndondomeko yamitengo, zikuwoneka kwa ine, imasiyana pang'ono ndi chaka chatha.
Kugulitsa mbatata zam'deralo kumayamba mu Seputembala ndipo ndimagulitsa malonda anga kudzera mwa oyimira pakati. Pafupifupi theka la zokolola zimagulitsidwa mwezi woyamba, ndipo theka lina limasungidwa mpaka msika ukupereka mikhalidwe yabwino. Ndimayesetsa kumaliza malonda asanafike masika kuti ndikhale ndi nthawi yokonzekera bwino nyengo yatsopano.
Pafamu yanga, malo omwe amalimapo akhalabe chimodzimodzi, monga momwe amalima ambiri a mbatata m'derali. Koma, m'malingaliro anga, palibe amene akuyembekezera kuti mu 2023 gawo laling'ono lidzachita bwino kuposa chaka chapitacho. Kapenanso, kubwereza zomwe zikuchitika ndi kotheka, ndipo timatenga izi modekha. Gawo laulimi lili chonchi - ntchito zambiri komanso zoopsa zambiri.
Malingaliro a akatswiri:
Alexey Krasilnikov, Executive Director wa Union of Potato and Vegetable Market Participants of Russia (Potato Union)
- Dera lomwe laperekedwa m'dziko lathu la mbewu zamasamba lidakhalabe pamlingo wa nyengo yatha. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russian Federation kumapeto kwa Juni, mwa mahekitala 305 omwe akukonzekera chaka chino, mahekitala 300 a mbatata adabzalidwa. Ngati tifananiza ndi 2022, voliyumuyi ndiyokwanira kuti ipatse anthu zinthu izi.
Kukolola mbatata zoyambilira kumwera kwa Russia kukuchitika motsatira ndondomeko yanthawi zonse. Opanga madera a Kuban, Stavropol, Astrakhan, Rostov ndi Volgograd ali okonzeka kupereka katundu wawo ngakhale kumadera akutali kwambiri. Sitikuwona kusalinganika kulikonse kwamitengo, ndipo mpaka pano mtengo wa mbatata uli mkati mwa malire a chaka chatha.
Zogulitsa zochokera kudera la Kherson, zomwe akuti zidapangitsa kugwa kwamitengo mu 2022, zitha kupezekanso pamashelefu lero. Koma mwina sikoyenera kuyembekezera kuitanitsa masamba ambiri, makamaka mbatata, kuchokera kumadera atsopano aku Russia. M'malo mwake, pamtengo wawo, opanga ena adzalandira mipata yowonjezera yogulitsa katundu wawo.
Ponena za mbatata yotumizidwa kunja, zotumiza kunja kuchokera ku Egypt kupita ku Russia chaka chino zachepetsedwa ndi theka. Chifukwa chake chinali cholinga, koma izi zidalola alimi a mbatata zapakhomo kutenga gawo lalikulu pamsika.
Nyengo yosasangalatsa mosakayikira idzakhudza zotsatira za nyengo yotsatira. Ngati vuto la nyengo likupitirirabe mpaka nthawi yokolola yokha, ndipo alimi sapeza zokolola zabwino, izi zingakhalenso zabwino. Ndiye mitengo ya zinthu zaulimi ingakhale yokwera, ndipo phindu limabwezera olimawo phindu lotayika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zokolola.
Irina Berg