Pofuna kukonza njira zoyendetsera biocontrol pofuna kuteteza makampani a kabichi ku New York ku US, pamtengo wa $ 60 miliyoni pachaka, asayansi afika pamapeto osangalatsa.
Mphutsi za njenjete za kabichi zikalowa m'munda, alimi amakono amasamba nthawi zambiri amayesa kuthana ndi tizirombozi potulutsa adani ambiri achilengedwe a tizilombo, monga ma ladybugs, kuti apewe mankhwala okwera mtengo komanso owononga. Komabe, alimi nthawi zina amawona zotsatira zosiyana.
Pakafukufuku watsopano wa akatswiri a pa yunivesite ya Cornell pamakampani a kabichi ku US ku New York, asayansi adapeza kuti mphamvu yogwiritsa ntchito adani achilengedwe pothana ndi tizirombo zimatengera malo ozungulira munda.
"Mawonekedwe a malo angapereke chidziwitso cha momwe angagwiritsire ntchito bwino njirayi m'munda," akutero Ricardo Perez-Alvarez, wolemba nawo "Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kuwongolera kwachilengedwe kumadalira momwe malo alili," lofalitsidwa mu Scientific Reports.
Ntchito ya sayansi yasonyeza kuti kutulutsidwa kwa entomophages kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa tizirombo, chitetezo cha zomera bwino komanso kuwonjezeka kwa biomass ya mbewu pamafamu ozunguliridwa ndi nkhalango zambiri ndi madera achilengedwe komanso nthaka yochepa yaulimi.
Koma m'minda, makamaka yozunguliridwa ndi minda ina, chithunzicho chinali chosiyana: ngakhale kutulutsidwa kwa entomophages, chiwerengero cha tizirombo sichinachepe.
Zomwe zimayambitsa izi ndizovuta ndipo zimadalira kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kugwirizana pakati pa entomophages ya m'deralo ndi zomwe zimawonjezeredwa.
Perez-Alvarez analemba kuti: “Maonekedwe a mtunda amakhudzanso mmene tizilombo tolusa timachitirana.
Ntchito ya sayansi yakhazikika pa kulima kabichi, tizirombo tomera (kabichi azungu ndi njenjete za kabichi) ndi entomophages.
M'chigawo chapakati cha New York, tizilombo towononga kabichi izi timasaka ndi mitundu 156 ya tizilombo tolusa, kuphatikizapo mavu asanu ndi awiri a parasitoid.
Pakati pa entomophages, pali awiri "asilikali onse" otchuka mu biocontrol: kachilombo kolanda kuchokera ku banja la scutes Podisus maculiventris ndi ladybug. Nthawi zambiri amathandizana bwino, chifukwa nsikidzi zimadya mphutsi, ndipo ma ladybugs amadya agulugufe a kabichi ndi mazira a njenjete.
Pakafukufukuyu, asayansi adakhazikitsa malo oyesera m'mafamu a kabichi 11 pakatikati pa chigawochi, zomwe zikuyimira malo osiyanasiyana ozungulira kuyambira minda kupita kumadera achilengedwe.
Pafamu iliyonse, ziwembu ziwiri zidaperekedwa kwa kabichi: imodzi m'munda - yokhala ndi ma entomophages, yachiwiri - ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nsikidzi ndi ladybirds.
Kenako asayansiwo anasonkhanitsa zambiri zokhudza manambala a tizilombo ndi nyama zolusa, kuwonongeka kwa zomera, ndiponso zokolola zomaliza. Anachitanso zoyeserera zama labotale kuti amvetsetse bwino maubwenzi omwe ali pakati pa adani komanso momwe kuyanjanaku kumakhudzira kuthana ndi tizilombo.
Kutengera zotsatira za zoyesererazo, asayansi adatsimikiza kuti zotsatira za biocontrol zimasiyanasiyana pazochitika zilizonse ndipo makamaka zimadalira kuyanjana pakati pa adani am'deralo ndi omwe amawonjezedwa ku chilengedwe.
Zingaganizidwe kuti kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chilipo m'mafamu ozunguliridwa ndi malo achilengedwe, monga nkhalango, n'kofunika kupatsa adani zachilengedwe ndi zakudya zina. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, minda yaulimi monga minda imatha kupititsa patsogolo kusagwirizana pakati pa adani achilengedwe pamene akupikisana ndi chakudya.
Pamapeto pake, kumvetsetsa mozama za kuyanjana pakati pa tizirombo ndi adani awo achilengedwe, motsogozedwa ndi malo omwewo, kudzapatsa owongolera tizilombo chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri chokhudza komwe kuchulukira kwa adani achilengedwe kungachitike bwino, ofufuzawo alemba. ...
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