Irina Berg
NDI ZODZIWIKA BWINO KUTI CHINTHU CHOBZALA KWA NTCHITO IMENE AMAKHALA NDI UTHENGA WA KULOLA KWA MTSOGOLO. KOMA ZOCHITIKA ZIKUONETSA KUTI NGAKHALE M’NTHAWI YOKHALA SI ONSE WOLIMA MBATA AMAGWIRITSA NTCHITO PA MBEWU ZABWINO ZABWINO. NDIPO PAMBUYO PA CHAKA NGATI CHAKA CHAPITA, ALIMI AKUGULA ELITE KAPENA KUBALANA POYAMBA PAMENE NYENGO YOTSATIRA IKUCHEPEKA.
Mwayi Watsopano
M'nyengo ikubwerayi, kugula kwa mbewu, makamaka zobereketsa kwambiri, sikunali kokwanira kwa aliyense.
- Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ndalama, famuyi sinathe kugula mbewu zofunikira kwa zaka zingapo. - amatsindika mutu wa KFH Vladimir Shipiguzov (Perm Territory). - Mavuto a nyengo mu 2022, zokolola zochepa komanso zovuta zogulitsa zidangowonjezera zinthu. Chaka choopsa kwambiri sichinatilole kukonzekera bwino nyengo yatsopano ndikugula zonse zomwe tingafune kukhala nazo.
Nthawi zambiri, opanga amabwera kudzapulumutsa anzawo, amagulitsa mbewu pamtengo waukulu, pang'onopang'ono kapena ndi malipiro ochedwetsa.
- Famu yathu simapanga mbatata ware zokha, komanso mbatata zogulitsa., - akuti mutu wa KFH Boris Panteleev (chigawo cha Leningrad). - Pafupifupi matani 400 a mbewu zokolola anayenera kubwerekedwa kwa anthu a m’dziko lawo, amene sakanatha kulipira nthawi yomweyo. Tinagwirizana kuti malipirowo adzalandidwa m’nyengo yophukira, koma sizikudziwika ngati adzatha kubweza ndalama zonsezo pa nthawi yake..
Kuchepa kwa kufunikira kwa mbewu kunatsimikiziridwa ndi opanga ake, ndipo ena a iwo akuwerengera kale zotayika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo.
- Timagwira ntchito mbali zingapo, - akuti mutu wa KFH "Egorsha" Egor Berezovsky (Chigawo cha Tula), - kuphatikizapo kugulitsa zinthu zobzala kwa anthu okhala m'chilimwe komanso kugulitsa zinthu zazing'ono zomangira. Panali kuchepa kwakukulu pakufunidwa kuchokera ku gawo lamakasitomala ili. Chimodzi mwazifukwa ndichakuti mchaka cha 2022 m'mabizinesi adapeza zokolola zabwino, zotsalazo adaganiza zobzala. Pankhani yamagulu akulu a mbewu, kufunikira kokhazikika kudadziwika kuchokera kwa mapurosesa. Koma apa tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ngakhale mu autumn kapena masika iwo anakumana ndi mavuto ndi kugulitsa mankhwala, monga opanga mbatata ware. Inde, mitengo inali yokwera kwambiri.
Osewera akuluakulu amsika adakwanitsa kusunga malo awo chifukwa cha ubale womwe udakhazikitsidwa kwanthawi yayitali komanso kupikisana kwakukulu.
- Chifukwa cha mitengo yotsika ya mbatata yapa tebulo, opanga ena aku Russia adasowa ndalama, ndipo kugula mbewu kudakhala kosatheka., - akumaliza mutu wa dipatimenti yamalonda ya Doka-Gene Technologies LLC Edward Oreshkin (Moscow dera). - Tikudziwa kuchokera kwa makasitomala kuti pali mbewu zambiri zovuta pamsika, ndichifukwa chake tidamva kuchuluka kwa maoda nthawi isanabzale. Mbeu zamtengo wapatali, ndithudi, zimakhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba, zomwe zimakhala chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo weniweni wa kulima, kusungidwa ndi kukonzekera. Komabe, mbali zambiri, alimi omwe ankafuna zotsatira zapamwamba anali okonzeka kuchita izi. Choncho, kufunika kwa mbewu osankhika anakhalabe mkulu.
KUCHOKERA KWA SUPERELITE KUPITA…
Magaziniyi inali kukonzedwa kuti ifalitsidwe m’kati mwa nyengo ya masika. Olima mbatata adauza kuchokera m'minda kuti ndi mitundu iti yomwe idasankhidwa kuti ibzalidwe komanso kuti ibereke mbewu iti yomwe amakonda.
- Ngakhale zinali zovuta, tinkangogwiritsa ntchito zopanga zambiri, - zolemba Boris Panteleev. - Mwachitsanzo, pamene mtundu wa Red Scarlett unabzalidwa, adatenga olemekezeka ndi apamwamba kwambiri, Charoite - osankhika, mitundu ya Colomba, Primabelle, Bettina - kubereka koyamba.»
- Mbeu zotsika kwambiri zomwe ndikuganiza kubzala posachedwa, - awa ndi osankhika komanso kubereka koyamba, - akutsimikizira mkulu wa OPH "Dary Ordynska" LLC Shakir Suleymanov (Dera la Novosibirsk). - Timagwira ntchito ndi maunyolo ogulitsa, kotero kuti zomwe tikufuna pazogulitsa zathu ndizokwera kwambiri. Palibe zomveka kubzala mbewu zamtundu wapakati, chifukwa chifukwa chake tidzalandira mbewu yomweyo, mwina ngakhale ndi matenda ndikuwonetsa komwe sikuli koyenera. Mu nyengo yatsopano, tasankha mitundu yoyambirira komanso yoyambirira ya mbatata yapagome: Colomba, Gala, Rosara, Riviera, Arizona. Ndi tchipisi: BP 808, Lady Claire.
- Tili ndi mitundu iwiri - Red Scarlett ndi Gala, - akufotokoza Vladimir Shipiguzov, - koma nthawi iyi mbewu zambiri zimakhala zachitatu. Mu 2022, kuti tikhazikitse mbatata za Rodrigue pakupanga, tidagula mbewu zabwino, zapamwamba za kubereka kwachiwiri. Koma khama lathu lonse silinaphule kanthu, chifukwa chifukwa cha chilalacho, sitinalandire zokolola zamitundumitunduyi.
ZOPHUNZITSA ZIkuwonekera
Panthawi yovuta, alimi amadikirira thandizo la boma kuti achepetse ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Kuti awathandize, njira zothandizira zimaperekedwa ngati gawo la kukhazikitsidwa kwa Subprogramu "Kukula kwa kusankha ndi kupanga mbewu za mbatata ku Russian Federation" ya Federal Scientific and Technical Program for Development of Agriculture for 2017-2030 (FSTP).
Komiti ya Agro-Industrial and Fishery Complex ya Leningrad Region inanena kuti derali likugwira ntchito yokwanira yasayansi ndiukadaulo "Kupanga mitundu yatsopano ya mbatata yakunyumba ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wachitetezo chachilengedwe cha mbatata ku rhizoctonia yokhala ndi tizilombo tapakhomo. kukonzekera”. M'kati mwa kukhazikitsidwa kwake, AgroInter LLC imapanga mbewu za mbatata zapamwamba zamitundu yatsopano yapakhomo ya Charoit ndi Gusar. Mu 2021, njira yowonjezereka yothandizira boma idawoneka ngati chipukuta misozi 70% yamitengo kwa ogula mbewu zambatata zobzalidwa m'dziko zomwe zimapangidwa pansi pa FSTP.
Kale mu nyengo yotsatira, ma ruble 840 adaperekedwa ku bajeti yachigawo pafamu yapagulu ya Boris Panteleev pazifukwa izi.
- Timapatula mahekitala 10-12 a mbatata yoyambirira, akuwonjezera mlimi ndi kubzala kwake mu 2022, adagula matani 30 a mbewu zamtundu wa Charoit. Patatha chaka chimodzi, iwo anabwereza kuyesera kumeneku ndi mitundu ya Gusar, akugula matani 37 a mbewu ndi chiyembekezo cha kubwezeredwa kwa 70 peresenti ya ndalama. Inde, malipiro otere ochokera ku boma amathandiza alimi. Koma ngati katundu wathu anapatsidwa mtengo wabwino, tikanachita popanda thandizo.
M'chigawo cha Moscow, Ozyory JSC, FH SeDeK LLC, Doka-Gennye Tekhnologii LLC akugwira nawo ntchito ya FSTP subprogramme. Malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Chakudya m'derali, mu 2022, chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwa oweta amakampaniwa, mitundu inayi yatsopano ya mbatata idalembetsedwa. Nyengo yatha, 4% ya ndalama zogulira zobzala zamitundu ya Flamingo zidabwezeredwa ku bajeti yachigawo ndi Yemelyanov Enterprise JSC. Kuchuluka kwa subsidy anali pafupifupi 70 zikwi rubles.
Komabe, zinapezeka kuti m'madera ena ambiri a dziko, kumene akonzi a magaziniyo anafunsira ndi pempho, chithandizo chamtundu uwu sichigwira ntchito, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa anthu okonzeka kulandira.
- Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti mumathamanga kwa milungu ingapo, kuthera nthawi yambiri, kusonkhanitsa zikalata zambiri, ndiye kuti sapereka ndalama, - amanena modandaula Egor Berezovsky. - Chowonadi ndi chakuti pofunsira chithandizo, zolipirira zake zimawonetsedwa: "Ngati ndalama za bajeti zilipo." Ndiko kuti, simukutsimikiziridwa chilichonse pasadakhale. Ndakumana ndi izi ndekha, ndikukambirana nkhaniyi kangapo ndi ogula mbewu zathu. Ndikuganiza kuti ambiri sakhulupiriranso thandizo la boma, choncho sakufunsira.
- Zimatengera khama lalikulu kuti tipeze ndalama zothandizira., - kuvomereza Edward Oreshkin. - Sikuti maphunziro onse aku Russia adapanga momveka bwino momwe amaperekera, pali zolepheretsa zaudindo. Thandizo la boma mkati mwa dongosolo la FSTP limachokera ku bajeti za zigawo, koma si aliyense wa iwo omwe ali ndi mwayi wopereka ndalama zothandizira izi. Kampani yathu, pokhala membala wa Federal Scientific and Technical Program for Development of Potato Breeding and Seed Production ya 2017-2030, ikuyesera kuthandiza makasitomala kuchepetsa mavuto awo azachuma. Ambiri aiwo amagwiritsa ntchito bwino mwayi wopereka ndalama zothandizira, koma makina ake amafunikabe kuwongolera.
- Thandizo lamtunduwu liyenera kukhala chilimbikitso chabwino kwa alimi a mbatata zapakhomo., akhutitsidwa Shakir Suleymanov. - Komanso kupereka ndalama zogulira mbewu zobereketsa kwambiri, izi zidzapindulitsa makampani onse. Ndipo, kuonjezera apo, zithandizira kupititsa patsogolo ndondomeko yolowa m'malo. Koma alimi akuyembekezera thandizo la boma kuti azigwira ntchito nthawi zonse m'moyo weniweni. moyo, osati papepala.
ZA NTCHITO
Njira yothandizira boma, yomwe idapangidwa kuti ipangitse chidwi chamitundu yakunyumba, sichinapangitsebe kusintha kwakukulu pamsika. Koma gawo la mbatata yobzalidwa yakusankhidwa kwa Russia likukulirakulirabe.
- Chaka chilichonse timachepetsa malonda a mbewu zamitundu yachilendo, imatsimikizira zomwe zikuchitika Edward Oreshkin. - Tsopano ndi 35% yokha ya malonda ogulitsa, pamlingo wa matani 10-12 zikwi pa nyengo. Kusintha ku mitundu yapakhomo, yolungamitsidwa ndi kufunikira kwa alimi, ndiyo njira ya kampani yathu. Opanga mbatata yapa tebulo nthawi zonse amayang'anira zomwe zachitika posachedwa pakuweta zomwe zimawoneka pamsika, ndikuziyesa m'mafamu awo. Kwa zaka zingapo tawona chidwi chowonjezereka cha mitundu yaku Russia, ndipo lero Prime, Flamingo ndi Carmen ali ndi malo otsogola pamzere wathu wazogulitsa.
- Kuyambira 2018, takhala tikukula mbewu zapamwamba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Varyag, - Amalankhula Egor Berezovsky, - otchuka kwambiri pakati pa mapurosesa aku Russia. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera, kuphatikiza pazakudya, ndizoyenera kupanga ma fries a ku France.
- Takhala tikubzala Charoit ndi Gusar kwa nthawi yopitilira chaka, akuti Boris Panteleev, - ndipo motsutsana ndi maziko a mitundu yachilendo, amadziwonetsera okha kumbali yabwino. Koma kunena zoona, ndikunena kuti kusankha koteroko ndi chifukwa cha mwayi wolandira ndalama zambiri kuchokera ku boma. Poganizira za chipukuta misozi ya mbali ya mtengo wogula mbewu ndi ogula katundu wa mitundu, iwo zigwirizane ine bwino ndithu.
- Kwa nthawi yayitali tidakula Mwayi, koma m'zaka zochepa chabe kufunikira kwake kwagwa kwambiri, chifukwa thupi la tubers limadetsa likaphikidwa., amagawana zokumana nazo Vladimir Shipiguzov. - Chaka chatha ndinayenera kuchisiya, ngakhale kuti zosiyanasiyana ndi zodabwitsa, ndinkakonda, kuphatikizapo zokolola. Kufuna kwa mitundu yapakhomo kuchokera kumapeto kwa ogula kuyenera kukhalabe kwakukulu, ndiye minda yambiri idzakhala yokonzeka kubzala mbatata zotere.
- Timakonda kwambiri kuswana mbatata zaku Russia, - zonena Shakir Suleymanov, - Ndikuganiza kuti chaka chamawa osachepera 30-40% ya mbewu adzakhala mitundu zoweta. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti ali ndi ndemanga zabwino kuchokera kwa opanga ena, ndipo ayenera kusonyeza kuti ali oyenerera nyengo ya ku Siberia. Pasakhale zokolola, monga mitundu yachilendo, koma tingakhale otsimikiza m'tsogolomu. Kufunika kotsitsimutsa kubzala kwa mbewu zaku Russia kwachedwa kale, alimi a mbatata ayenera kuyang'ana mitundu yopangidwa ndi obereketsa athu. Ndikofunika kuti dziko la Russia likhale ndi mbeu zake zapamwamba kuti tithe kukolola mbewu, mosasamala kanthu za ndale.
M'NTHAWI YOPHUNZITSIRA TIMAWERENGA
Kukana kwa alimi a mbatata pogula mbewu zobereketsa kwambiri sikudzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakukula kwa mbewu zamtsogolo. Koma koposa zonse, alimi akuda nkhawa ndi chiyembekezo chobwereza zomwe zidachitika chaka chatha.
- Palibe chabwino chomwe tingayembekezere kuchokera ku nyengo yatsopano, - zikusonyeza Egor Berezovsky, - chifukwa pa msika wochuluka wa mbatata.
Omwe sanathe kugulitsa akukonzekera kupita kumtsinje mpaka 500, kapena ngakhale pansi pa matani chikwi. Kuphatikiza apo, akupitiliza kuitanitsa zinthu kuchokera kunja kupita kudziko, mwachitsanzo, posachedwa panali zotumiza kuchokera ku Egypt. 2023 idzakhala yobala zipatso, padzakhalanso tsoka. Zidzakhala zokolola zosauka, momwe zinthu zilili ndi mitengo zidzatha, koma ngakhale pamenepo sitipeza phindu lalikulu m'makampani.
- Zaka ziwiri zowuma motsatizana, - amalankhula Vladimir Shipiguzov, - Permian mbatata alimi analandira makamaka tubers tizigawo tating'ono. Kulima minda yamchenga ya loamy, sitingathe kulima mbewu yabwino m'malo opanda chinyezi, komanso kukhala kutali ndi magwero amadzi sikulola kukonza ulimi wothirira. Zikuoneka kuti sitikanabzala kubereka kulikonse, ngakhale osankhika, ngakhale apamwamba kwambiri, zotsatira zake zimadalira nyengo.
- Kukwera kwamitengo yazaulimi ndi kutsika kwa phindu sikulola alimi ambiri kubweretsa mitundu yatsopano ndikusintha zobzala chaka chilichonse, - zolemba Edward Oreshkin. - Izi zimabweretsa vuto lochedwetsa kuchepetsa zokolola komanso mtundu wa mbatata zomwe zingagulitsidwe.
- Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kugwira ntchito chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwazinthu komanso kufunikira kosakhazikika, - kuganizira Boris Panteleev. - Akuluakulu akukankhira alimi nthawi zonse, kuti: "Bwerani, bzalani zambiri!". Koma chirichonse chimasonyeza kuti dziko silifuna kuchuluka kwa mbatata, ndipo palibe amene akuchita kuwerengera zosowa zenizeni za anthu. Ndondomeko yosaganizira zaulimi imabweretsa kuchulukitsa komanso kutsika kwa phindu lamakampani. Ndi alimi angati omwe asokonekera kale, ndipo ndi angati omwe asowa ndalama chaka chino ...