Zomera zimakhala zazitali kwambiri, zopindika kuti zilole kuwala kwa dzuwa ku masamba awo onse. Ngakhale kuti asayansi aona zimenezi kwa zaka mazana ambiri, sakuzimvetsa bwinobwino. Tsopano asayansi ku Salk Institute apeza kuti zinthu ziwiri za zomera - puloteni PIF7 ndi kukula kwa hormone auxin - ndizoyambitsa zomwe zimafulumizitsa kukula pamene zomera zili mumthunzi ndipo zimakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu panthawi imodzi. tsamba lovomerezeka la Institute.
Zomwe zapezazi, zomwe zidasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala ya Nature Communications pa Ogasiti 29, 2022, zithandiza asayansi kuneneratu momwe mbewu zingachitire ndi kusintha kwanyengo ndikuwonjezera zokolola ngakhale kuwononga kwapadziko lonse mbewu zowononga.
"Pakadali pano, tikulima mbewu pamlingo wina, koma zotsatira zathu zikuwonetsa kuti tifunika kuchepetsa kachulukidweko kuti mbewu zikule bwino pomwe nyengo ikusintha," akutero wolemba wamkulu Pulofesa Joanne Chory, mkulu wa Salk Institute's Plant Molecular. ndi Cell Biology Laboratory ndi Howard, wofufuza pa Hughes Medical Institute. "Kumvetsetsa mamolekyu a momwe zomera zimayankhira kuwala ndi kutentha zidzatithandiza kukonza bwino kachulukidwe ka kubzala kuti tipeze zokolola zabwino kwambiri."
Pakumera, mbande zimatalikitsa zimayambira kuti zithyole m'nthaka ndikutenga kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachangu momwe zingathere. Nthawi zambiri, tsinde limachepetsa kukula kwake pambuyo pa kuwala kwa dzuwa. Koma tsinde limatha kutalikanso msanga ngati mbewuyo ipikisana ndi zomera zozungulira dzuwa kapena kukulitsa mtunda wapakati pa nthaka yotentha ndi masamba a mmerawo chifukwa cha kutentha. Ngakhale kuti chilengedwe chonse - shading ndi kutentha kwakukulu - kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa tsinde, kumachepetsanso zokolola.
Mu phunziro ili, asayansi anayerekezera zomera zomwe zikukula mumthunzi ndi kutentha kutentha nthawi imodzi - zinthu zomwe zimatsanzira kubzala kwakukulu komanso kusintha kwa nyengo. Asayansi anagwiritsa ntchito chomera chachitsanzo cha Arabidopsis thaliana, komanso phwetekere ndi wachibale wapafupi wa fodya, chifukwa anali ndi chidwi kuona ngati mitundu yonse itatu ya zomera imakhudzidwa mofanana ndi chilengedwe.
Pa mitundu yonse itatu ya zamoyo, gulu la ochita kafukufuku linapeza kuti zomerazo zinakula kwambiri pamene zinayesa nthawi imodzi kupeŵa mthunzi wopangidwa ndi zomera zoyandikana nazo ndipo zinkakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Pa mlingo wa maselo, ochita kafukufuku anapeza kuti PIF7 transcript factor, mapuloteni omwe amathandiza kutembenuza majini ndi kuzimitsa, anathandiza kulimbikitsa kukula. Adapezanso kuti milingo ya auxin, hormone yakukula, idakula pomwe mbewu zidapeza mbewu zoyandikana nazo, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula chifukwa cha kutentha komweko. Njira yolumikizana ya PIF7-auxin iyi idalola mbewu kuyankha kumadera awo ndikusintha pofunafuna mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri.
Chinthu chofanana ndi cholembera, PIF4, chinalimbikitsanso kutalika kwa tsinde pa kutentha kwakukulu. Komabe, ndi kuphatikiza kwa mthunzi ndi kutentha kwapamwamba, chinthu ichi sichinagwirenso ntchito yofunikira.
"Tidadabwa kupeza kuti PIF4 sichita gawo lofunikira chifukwa maphunziro am'mbuyomu awonetsa kufunikira kwa izi pakukula," akutero wolemba woyamba Yogev Burko, wochita kafukufuku ku Salk Institute komanso pulofesa wothandizana nawo. Bungwe lofufuza zaulimi ku Israel Volcanoes Institute. "Mfundo yakuti PIF7 ndiye woyendetsa kukula kwa chomera ichi zinali zodabwitsa. Ndi chidziwitso chatsopanochi, tikuyembekeza kusintha momwe mbewu zosiyanasiyana zimakulira kuti zithandizire kusintha kwanyengo. ”
Ofufuzawo akukhulupirira kuti pali chinthu china chomwe sichinapezeke chomwe chimakulitsa mphamvu ya PIF7 ndi auxin. Akuyembekeza kufufuza chinthu chosadziwika ichi m'maphunziro amtsogolo. Labu ya Berko iphunziranso momwe njira iyi ingakwaniritsire mbewu.
"Kutentha kwapadziko lonse kukukwera, choncho tikufunikira mbewu za chakudya zomwe zingakule m'mikhalidwe yatsopanoyi," akutero Chori, mtsogoleri wa Salk Plant Use Initiative ndi Howard H. ndi Maryam R. Newman Chair of Plant Biology. “Tapeza zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimathandizira kukula kwa mbewu pakatentha kwambiri, zomwe zingatithandize kulima mbewu zopatsa thanzi kuti tidyetse mibadwo yamtsogolo.”