Timiryazev Academy ndi amodzi mwa malo otsogola pakuswana mbewu zaulimi ku Russia. Mazana a mitundu yokolola kwambiri komanso yosamva matenda ya mbewu, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba ndi mbewu zina zaulimi zapangidwa pano. mbewu Mtsogoleri wa Dipatimenti ya Botany, Kuswana, Kulima Mbewu ndi Zomera Zam'munda, Socrates Monakhos, adalankhula za momwe ntchito yopangira mbewu zotere inachitikira mu kutulutsidwa kwatsopano kwa pulojekiti ya kanema "MAGnit: Zonse Zokhudza Sayansi ndi Zamakono".
Malinga ndi wasayansi, imodzi mwa njira zazikulu ndikukula kwa mitundu yatsopano ndi ma hybrids a kabichi: "Kabichi ndiye mbewu yathu yofunika kwambiri, timachita bwino kwambiri pakuweta masamba awa. Ma hybrids opitilira 50 ali m'kaundula wa boma, oposa 15 alipo kuti apange mbewu."
Cholinga chachikulu ndicho kupanga ma hybrids omwe amacha mochedwa a kabichi woyera, omwe amakhala ndi alumali wautali. Izi ndizowona makamaka kumadera akumpoto kwa Russia komwe kumakhala kozizira.
Malinga ndi asayansi a Timiryazevka, mutu uliwonse wachitatu wa kabichi womwe umadyedwa ndi Muscovites m'nyengo yozizira umakula kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe amasankha. Mitundu yosakanizidwa kwambiri ndi Kolobok, Dominanta, Prestige, ndi Valentina.
Kuswana kophatikizana kunakhala cholinga chachikulu cha kafukufuku pakati pa zaka zapitazo. Masiku ano, kupanga malonda makamaka kumagwiritsa ntchito ma hybrids amtundu woyamba F1. Amasiyana ndi mitundu yotseguka ya mungu mu genetic ndi morphological homogeneity, komanso maubwino ena angapo omwe sangapezeke kuchokera ku mitundu yotseguka.
Zophatikiza zopitilira 200 za majini kapena zosakanizidwa zidabzalidwa pamalo ophunzirira. Awa ndi ma genotype apadera omwe sanakhalepo kale. Ntchito ya asayansi ndikuzindikira zomwe zikuyembekezeka kwambiri potengera mikhalidwe. Kuswana kwamakono kumafunanso kupanga ma genotype omwe amatha kulimidwa osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi zinthu zina zoteteza zomera.
Mazana a mitundu yatsopano yodalirika ya kabichi imabzalidwa ndikuphunziridwa chaka chilichonse m'minda yoswana ya Timiryazevka. Cholinga ndikupeza mafomu omwe ali apamwamba kuposa omwe alipo kale potengera zovuta zamtengo wapatali pazachuma. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri masiku ano ndi kuswana kwa mitundu yoyenera kulimidwa molingana ndi chilengedwe popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Anyezi wosakanizidwa woyamba ku Russia wosamva mildew adapangidwa kale ndikuperekedwa kwa wopanga. Izi zidzachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo pa zinthu, nthaka, madzi ndi mpweya, popeza alimi ndi minda yaulimi sadzafunikanso kuchitira anyezi ndi mankhwala kasanu.
Pankhani ya kusiyana pakati pa ma hybrids ndi mitundu, mwayi waukulu wa ma hybrids a F1 ndikufanana kwawo. Izi zimakonzeratu kufanana kwa morphological ndi kupangidwa kwa kupanga. Zomera zonse zipse nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimakhala zopindulitsa kwa alimi. Ngakhale kwa okonda zamaluwa, zitha kukhala zosangalatsa kukulitsa mitundu yomwe imapereka mitundu yambiri.
Ku Timiryazev Academy, kuswana wowonjezera kutentha ndi gwero la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majini komanso matekinoloje atsopano. Pano zomera zimasungidwa mumkhalidwe wa mbeu ndikudzipaka mungu wokha pogwiritsa ntchito mapepala a thonje kuti zisawonongeke. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kotheka kupeza mbewu za m'badwo wotsatira ndikukulitsa zowonjezera kuti mufufuze mopitilira mu labotale.
Kuswana kwa zomera ku Timiryazev Academy kukukumana ndi gawo lachitatu la chitukuko. Ngati cholinga choyambirira chinali kupanga mafomu opindulitsa kwambiri kuti atsimikizire chitetezo cha chakudya, ndiye kuti chidwi chinatembenukira ku khalidwe la mankhwala. Tsopano kutsindika kukusunthira ku chitetezo cha chilengedwe cha mbewu zomwe zimabzalidwa.
Ukadaulo wamakono, monga kuswana kwa mamolekyu ndi njira zama cell, zimatha kufulumizitsa kuswana ndikuwonjezera mpikisano wamakampani oswana. Academy imagwiritsa ntchito mwachangu njira zopangira ma haploid owirikiza kawiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti athe kupeza ma genotypes atsopano munthawi yochepa kwambiri.
Kabichi yoyera, yomwe ndi imodzi mwazambiri za kuswana kwa Academy, yafika patali pakukula. Ngati zaka 50 zapitazo, kukolola kabichi kumatha kutenga mwezi ndi theka chifukwa chakucha kosafanana, koma tsopano, chifukwa cha ma hybrids a F1, kukolola ndikofulumira komanso kothandiza.
Sukuluyi imachitanso kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kukana kwa mbewu ku matenda osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kabichi yoyera imalandira jini yolimbana ndi wachibale wake wapamtima, mpiru wa ku Ethiopia. Izi zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawa asawononge chilengedwe. Chimodzi mwazopambana zaposachedwa ndikusamutsa jini yolimbana ndi clubroot, imodzi mwamatenda owopsa a zomera za kabichi, kupita ku kabichi yoyera kuchokera ku mpiru. Kupambana kumeneku kukukonzekera kubwerezedwanso ku brassicas ena monga broccoli ndi kohlrabi.