Kubzala mbatata kumayambira pamafamu komanso m'nyumba zamalimwe. Tiyeni tikumbukire magawo akuluakulu a kukonzekera tuber pamodzi ndi akatswiri ndikuyesa chidziwitso chathu
Pupewa zolakwika ndikupeza zokolola zambiri, atero ogwira nawo ntchito ku Russian Agricultural Center ku Karachay-Cherkessia.
Kupeza mbewu zabwino kwambiri za mbatata, mtundu wa ma tubers ndikukonzekera kwawo kubzala kumathandiza.
Mbatata za mbewu zimayamba kukonzekera kugwa, ndikudzaza masheya ambewu, ndikusankha ma tubers athanzi, apakatikati.
Kusankha kwamayendedwe sikungafanane ndi mbatata ya kasupe, yomwe imachitika pasadakhale - musanabzala tubers kapena musanayikeni kuti imere.
Kumera kwa tubers ndi imodzi mwanjira zazikulu pokonzera mbatata kuti zibzalidwe. Ngati mukufuna kutenga nyongolosi yowala, ndiye kuti imapangidwa mu chipinda chowala ndi kutentha kwa 12-14 ° C masana, 6-8 ° C usiku. Pakutha kwa nthawiyo, masamba obiriwira obiriwira 1-2 mm adzaonekera pa tubers. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mbatata zakonzeka kubzala.
Palinso njira zina zakukonzera mbatata chifukwa chodzala, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabizinesi azolimo. Izi zikuphatikiza kutentha ndi kuyanika kwa ma tubers, kulima dimba, chithandizo ndi wothandizira kuvala, zopatsa mphamvu mu tank yosakanikirana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Ndikofunika kubzala mbatata ndi tubers pafupifupi kulemera ndi kukula.
Kugwiritsa ntchito tubers zosasankhidwa kumayambitsa kupatulira, kumera zosiyanasiyana, ndipo, chifukwa chake, kutsika kwa mbande, komwe kumachepetsa zokolola za mbatata.
Ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwakanthawi kwamitundu yolimidwa ya mbatata, vuto la matenda a tuber ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga rhizoctonia, nkhanambo wamba, nkhanambo zasiliva, fusarium, choipitsa mochedwa ndi zina zimawonjezeka.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusanja mbewu za mbatata mosamala. Ndipo zitatha izi, yambani kuyala.
Pofuna kuthana ndi matenda a tuber omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha nthaka, ntchito imodzi yokha yokonzekera fungicidal imagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma kukonzekera zovuta za fungicidal ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Kufufuza kwambiri kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mbatata ndi kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo.
Kubzala musanagwiritse ntchito ma tubers okhala ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda kumakupatsani mwayi wolimbana ndi kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata nthawi yamasamba ambiri kapena kusunthira kumapeto kwa nyengo yokulira. Pazifukwa izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Kubzala usanatenthedwe wa tubers m'mafamu kutha kuchitika mutatsala kubzala, komanso mwachindunji mukabzala, m'malo otsegulira wobzala mbatata omwe ali ndi zida zopopera.
Bzalani molawirira ndi malamulo onse!
Kubzala mbatata ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mukwaniritse magawo abwino, zomwe zingathandize kuti mbewu ya mbatata ipange mizu yolimba kwambiri ndikupanga timabowo tambiri. Zomera zotere zimapanga ma tubers mwachangu ndikukhwima, chifukwa chake, zimapereka mwayi woyamba kukolola m'mbuyomu.
Kuti mudziwe nthawi yobzala mbatata, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti tuber imayamba kumera kutentha kwa nthaka ndikudutsa 3-5 ° C, ndipo njirayi imagwira ntchito kwambiri pa 6-8 ° C. Chifukwa chake, mutha kuyamba kubzala mbatata pomwe kutentha kwa dothi lakuya masentimita 8-10 kukufika ku 3-5 ° C. M'masiku a masika, kutentha kwa nthaka kumakwera msanga ndipo kusinthika kumka kumakhala boma labwino kwambiri (6-8 ° C) kumachitika kawirikawiri m'masiku 5-6.
Imene imalimbikitsa kwambiri mapangidwe a mbatata imabzala mozama. Mukamasankha kuya kwakuya, muyenera kuwongoleredwa ndi lamulo lotsatirali: konyowa komanso kozizira nyengo, kochepetsetsa kuyenera kukhala, ndipo mosiyana, kouma ndi kotentha nyengo, kuyikirako kuyenera kuzama.
Kuchuluka kwa mbatata kuyenera kukhala kotero kuti mbewu zomwe zimadyetsedwa zitha kupanga tsamba lamphamvu pamizu ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi michere ya m'nthaka. Mbatata zimakula bwino ngati mizere ili kumpoto-kumwera (kapena pafupi nayo) malangizo, mbewuzo zimaunikiridwa mofanana masana, zimatenthetsa pang'ono masana ndi kutentha kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa zokolola kumawonedwa.
Mlingo woyenera kubzala mbatata yomwe ingagulitsidwe ndi mtundu wamtchire 45-55 pa hekitala iliyonse. M'minda ya mbewu, kubzala kachulukidwe kumachulukitsa mpaka 60-70 zikwi zamitengo pa hekitala imodzi kuti achulukitse mitengo ya ma tubers.
(Source: malo ovomerezeka a FSBI Russian Agricultural Center).
Werengani mokwanira: https://www.agroxxi.ru/zhurnal-agromir-xxi/stati-rastenievodstvo/kak-podgotovit-klubni-kartofelja-k-posadke-i-sazhat-po-klimaticheskim-pravilam.html