Tikupitilizabe kufalitsa zida zapadera za WPC (World Potato Congress), zonena za bungwe la unyolo wopangira bwino wa mbatata ku Africa.
World Potato Congress idzachitika kuyambira Meyi 31 mpaka Juni 3 ku Dublin, Ireland. Chochitikacho chidzasonkhanitsa akatswiri, kuphatikizapo opanga mbatata, ogulitsa, opakira, ogulitsa kunja ndi ogulitsa mbewu ndi zakudya mbatata.
Kuperewera kwakukulu kwa mbeu zabwino za mitundu yobala zipatso ndi cholepheretsa kukula kwa mbatata m'maiko aku Africa.
Alimi ang'onoang'ono ambiri sakonzanso mbewu za mbatata kwa nyengo zingapo. Izi zimabweretsa zokolola zochepa komanso zotsika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mbeu.
Alimi ambiri amasunga machubu ang'onoang'ono ku mbewu zawo ndikumagwiritsira ntchito ngati mbewu, zomwe zimachulukitsa mwayi wotenga ma virus, kuphatikiza owopsa omwe amachepetsa zokolola (matenda a mbatata a leafroll virus (PLRV) ndi virus ya mbatata Y (PVY)).
Pali alimi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ngati mbewu za mbatata zomwe amagula kuchokera kosadziwika, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi osati kufalitsa ma virus okha, komanso kufalitsa zowola za bulauni zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi Ralstonia solancearum.
Podziwa za ngoziyi, mabungwe ofufuza za boma, alimi amalonda, mabungwe omwe siaboma ndi mabungwe omwe siaboma akuthandizira ulimi wa mbewu zapamwamba pogwiritsa ntchito njira zovomerezeka, zapakatikati (zomwe zimatchedwanso njira zina) ndi njira zosakhazikika.
Dongosolo lovomerezeka la mbeu lomwe limatsata kachulukidwe ka mbeu ndi kaphatikizidwe ka certification ndiyo njira yodalirika yoberekera mbewu zabwino. Chitsimikizo chokhwima kwambiri cha mbatata yambewu chimachitika ku Kenya ndi Plant Health Inspection Service.
Komabe, mbewu zochokera ku gwero lovomerezekali zimateteza zosakwana 5% za zosowa za dziko. Zimakhala zodula, alimi sangakwanitse, komanso kukwera mtengo kwa mayendedwe m’dziko lonselo ndi wokwera.
Njira ina kapena yapakatikati ya mbeu ya mbatata imakhala ndi zigawo zokhazikika komanso zosakhazikika, ndipo nthawi zambiri zokolola zimakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi alimi. Dongosololi limatsata dongosolo la Quality Declared Seed (QDS), koma mfundo zake zitha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi dziko.
Mbeu zamtunduwu (njira zina) zimapangidwa ndi alimi ophunzitsidwa bwino zamalonda, ma cooperative ndi olima ang'onoang'ono apamwamba. Nthawi zambiri amapeza njere zoyambira ku malo ofufuza (kachitidwe ka boma) ndikugawanso mbewu kuti apeze ndalama molingana ndi malamulo a QDS. Zomwe adalandira zimafufuzidwa ndi oyang'anira boma, mwachitsanzo, ku Ethiopia. Koma mbewu zotere zimatha kutenga matenda a bulauni ngati nthaka ya pafamuyo ili ndi kachilomboka. Tsoka ilo, izi sizosavuta kuti oyendera azindikire, chifukwa amangoyang'ana zowoneka.
Kuti akhazikitse njira yodalirika yopangira mbeu zabwino kuti achulukitse zokolola za machitidwe awiriwa, kupezeka kwa mbatata yoyera ndikofunikira. Maiko ambiri ku Africa, makamaka Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania ndi Uganda, ali ndi zida zoyambira, kuphatikiza ma labotale amtundu wa minofu, ma aeroponics ndi ma greenhouses omwe amapanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono kuchokera ku zomera za mu vitro.
M'mayiko ena, makina oyendetsa ndege sagwiritsidwa ntchito mochepa chifukwa cha kuzima kwa magetsi nthawi zonse komanso kuchepa kwa zakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, zikuwonekeratu kuti pali mwayi wofalitsa zowola za bulauni ndi mbewu zam'badwo woyambirira, popeza kuyesa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pagawo lililonse la kupanga mbewu sikumachitika.
Ngakhale zonsezi, machitidwe ena pakupanga mbewu zabwino ndi zolimbikitsa, mwachitsanzo, Kisima Farm imapanga mbewu za mbatata pamalo okwana mahekitala 200 pachaka, kupanga uku kumatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi koyera. Ku Ethiopia, ma cooperative ambiri ndi alimi ena amalonda amatulutsanso mtundu wovomerezeka wa QDS.
Kisima Farm ndiye mlimi wamkulu kwambiri wambatata wovomerezeka ku Kenya, akupereka pafupifupi 75% ya mbatata zonse zovomerezeka zomwe zikupezeka mdziko muno. Kampaniyo imapanga mbewu za mbatata zamitundu yomwe alimi amakonda, zomwe zimabzalidwa makamaka ndi KALRO / CIP, komanso HZPC.
Amalandira matani opitilira 4000 a mbatata chaka chilichonse, pomwe 75% ndi mbewu zokhala ndi tuber kukula kwa 28-45 mm (kukula 1) ndi 45-60 mm (kukula 2). Kupanga kumayamba ndi zomera zogulidwa ku GTIL ndi Stokmen Rozen, zomwe zimabzalidwa mumlengalenga kuti zipange tinthu tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timasinthidwa kukhala mulingo woyenera munthaka yoyera.
Alimi ang'onoang'ono ambiri ayamba kulima mbewu zabwino kuchokera ku mbewu zovomerezeka, zomwe amagula ku Kisima Farm ndikugulitsa kwa alimi ena. Alimi awa adapeza ndalama zambiri pomwe zokolola za mbatata zidakwera pafupifupi 60%, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ndalama ziwonjezeke.