Mu July, mwayi wa kuwonongeka kwa mbatata ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ukuwonjezeka. Choyamba, mochedwa choipitsa ndi alternaria, zomwe zingasokoneze mapangidwe atsopano tubers.
Tikupempha kufotokozera ku Scientific and Practical Center for Potato ndi Zipatso Kukula kwa National Academy of Sciences ku Belarus. Mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti ya chitetezo cha mthupi ndi chitetezo cha mbatata, Pulofesa Wothandizira, Wosankhidwa wa Sayansi ya Zaulimi Ivan Busko akufotokoza kuti mitundu ina yakhala ikuvutika kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, koma ambiri a iwo amakhudzidwa ndi nkhanambo wamba: - Chowonadi ndi chakuti panthawi yamaluwa, pamene ma tubers atsopano amapangidwa, chikhalidwe chimafunika chinyezi, ndipo popeza panali chilala mu June, mikhalidwe yabwino imapangidwira kufalikira kwa matenda. Nkhana idakhudza osati khungu, monga zimachitikira nthawi zambiri, komanso zamkati, ndipo izi, zimasokoneza chitukuko cha chikhalidwe.
Kawirikawiri, maonekedwe a nkhanambo m'munda zimadalira zinthu zingapo, makamaka pa khalidwe la nthaka. Monga lamulo, amakonda mchenga wopepuka komanso mchenga wa mchenga, komanso calcareous kwambiri, chifukwa laimu amalimbikitsa kufalikira kwa bowa. Kachiwiri, feteleza. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mugwiritsa ntchito manyowa osapsa, ndiye kuti zimangowonjezera kukula kwa matenda. Chachitatu, nyengo. Ngati pamaluwa panja pali kutentha kwakukulu, palibe chinyezi chokwanira, ndiye kuti padzakhala ma tubers ochepa kwambiri. Choncho, pa nthawi ya chilala, ndikofunikira kuthirira mbatata kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha kutayika kwa mbewu zamtsogolo.
Ngati tilankhula za choipitsa mochedwa, ndiye kuti pafupifupi mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yayamba kufalikira pakali pano: kutentha kwa mpweya sikudutsa madigiri 20, chinyezi chambiri. Koma kwa Alternaria, nyengo yosiyana kwambiri ndiyofunika: kutentha kwa madigiri 30, chilala, kusowa kwa nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu m'nthaka, komanso phosphorous yambiri. Zowona, malinga ndi Ivan Busko, pa nthawi ya maluwa, mbatata imafunika kutetezedwa nthawi zonse, ndipo mosasamala kanthu za zinthu zakunja:
- Ngakhale dothi liri loyenera, ndipo feteleza amasankhidwa bwino, ndipo nyengo ili yabwino, chithandizo chamankhwala chikadali chofunikira, mwinamwake pali kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kutayika kwa mbewu. Mwachitsanzo, choipitsa chakumapeto ndi chosatheka kuchiza, koma ichi ndi matenda omwe, kugunda ovary imodzi, kumatha kufalikira kumunda wonse, ngati njira zodzitetezera sizingatengedwe pasadakhale.
Malinga ndi akatswiri, mlingo wa chitetezo cha mbatata ku mochedwa choipitsa anatsimikiza ndi chiwerengero cha mankhwala. Pakakhala zinthu zabwino za chitukuko cha matenda, muyenera kuchita izi kasanu kapena kasanu. Ndipo apa ndikofunikira kuti muyambe kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa munthawi yake, apo ayi, mphamvu yokonzekera idzachepa ndi 50-70 peresenti. Choncho, kukolola mbatata m'tsogolo kumadalira chisamaliro ndi zochita zachangu za alimi athu.
Chitsime: "Selskaya Gazeta"
Werengani mokwanira: https://agronews.com/by/ru/news/agrosfera/2019-07-18/38089