Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kaloti ali pachitatu pa "borsch gulu" ponena za kumwa ku Russia. Mbatata zokha ndi anyezi ndizodziwika kwambiri kuposa iye. Komabe, kutchuka ndi lingaliro laling'ono, popeza alimi adatsimikizanso kumapeto kwa nyengo ya 2022.
Mavitamini opangidwa ndi vitamini sanabweretse omwe akupanga ndalama zomwe amayembekezera. Mwinamwake, monga momwe Vasily Zaitsev, wolima karoti wodziwika bwino komanso woimira malonda a Vilmorin, akulosera, izi zidzachepetsa kupanga karoti mu 2023.
KUCHEPETSA KWA MALO
"Malinga ndi zomwe ndawonera," katswiriyo akutero, "dera lomwe lili ndi kaloti nyengo ino latsika poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha komanso mozama kwambiri. M'malo mwake, osewera onse akuluakulu adalengeza kuti zokolola zachepa ndi 30 peresenti. "
Monga momwe Vasily Zaitsev akunenera, pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chidwi cha alimi chiwonongeke pakukula kaloti, chimodzi mwazo ndizovuta zokolola nyengo ya 2022. “M’zigawo zina, mvula sinaleke kufikira kuchiyambi kwa nyengo yachisanu,” iye akufotokoza motero, “si mabungwe onse aulimi amene anatha kukonzekera minda kuti adzabzale panthaŵi yake, ndipo wina anasiya kotheratu mbali ya mbewuyo pansi pa chipale chofeŵa. Chomera
masamba m'madera awa mu 2023 alibe tanthauzo, zotsalira za zomera zosavunda ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda a bakiteriya. Choncho alimi anafunika kusankha m’malo mwa mbewu monga chimanga.”
Chifukwa chachiwiri chabwino chosiya kaloti ndi mitengo yotsika ya masamba onse otseguka (kupatulapo anyezi) komanso kuvutika kugulitsa zinthu zaulimi chaka chonse. Vasily Zaitsev akufotokoza kuti: "Alimi adaganiza zobzala chaka chino mpaka Epulo, chifukwa panalibe kufunika pamsika wa mbewu iliyonse.
Kuchepa kwa kufunikira, malinga ndi katswiri, kumafotokozedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagulitsidwa pamsika. Mu 2022 (itatha nyengo yamitengo yokwera yazinthuzi), masamba ambiri adabzalidwa monga momwe amayembekezera. "Pokhapokha m'chigawo cha Volgograd, malo omwe ali ndi kaloti adakula kwambiri chifukwa cha alimi ang'onoang'ono," akutero Vasily Zaitsev.
Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zochokera kumadera ophatikizidwa ndi Belarus zidaperekedwa mwachangu kumashelefu amasitolo aku Russia (kale, gawo la kaloti za ku Belarus-Russian zidapita ku Ukraine).
Koma kuchuluka kwa zoperekedwa kuchokera ku China, Israel, Egypt mu 2022 zikuyembekezeka kutsika, zinthu zochokera kumayikowa zidatumizidwa kumisika komwe mitengo yokwera idakhazikitsidwa. "Mwachikhalidwe, kaloti zambiri zimatumizidwa ku Russia kuchokera ku Kazakhstan, makamaka kuchokera kudera la Pavlodar, komwe mbewuyi imakula kwambiri," akutero Vasily Zaitsev, "malire a mayiko omwe ali mamembala a Customs Union ndi otseguka, kaloti za Kazakh. zimagulitsidwa ku Siberia konse, komwe, komwe kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa zinthuzi m'zigawo za Siberia Federal District. Chaka chatha, chifukwa cha mitengo yotsika ku Russia, kutuluka kumeneku kunapita ku Asia, zomwe zidzachitike mu nyengo yatsopano zimakhala zovuta kunena.
SEASON YATSOPANO, MITENGO YATSOPANO
Inde, dzikolo silidzakhala lopanda kaloti. Kutsetsereka konseko kumakhala kopambana, ngakhale kukonzekera kwake kunatsagana ndi zovuta zina. Monga momwe zikuyembekezeredwa, nthawi yobweretsera mbewu zochokera kunja yawonjezeka. "M'mbuyomu, tinene kuti galimoto idaperekedwa kuchokera ku France kwa milungu iwiri, tsopano zimatenga mwezi ndi theka.", ndemanga woimira malonda a Vilmorin. Mitengo yawukanso - poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha (ngati sitiganizira nthawi ya kulumpha lakuthwa pamtengo wosinthanitsa) ndi pafupifupi 20%.
«Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha Russia, - kuganizira Vasily Zaitsev, - makampani angapo oyendera anakana kugwira ntchito ndi dziko lathu. Amene akupitiriza kutero awononga mitengo yawo ndipo akutenga inshuwaransi yoyendera maulendo apamwamba kwambiri.". Pa nthawi yomweyi, malinga ndi katswiri, mbewu zomwezo m'mayiko oyandikana nawo (Belarus, Kazakhstan, etc.) zimawononga 30-40% zotsika mtengo. Kusiyanaku kukuwonekera, alimi ambiri (a omwe sanabzale ndi ngongole zangongole ndipo sayenera kukanena ku mabanki) chaka chino amakonda kugula zinthu zobzala m'maiko oyandikana nawo "mosavomerezeka", ndi ndalama, opanda ziphaso, paokha. zoopsa ndi chiopsezo.
Zowopsa, mwa njira, zilipodi. "Mwachitsanzo, poitanitsa njere za karoti ku Central Asia, pali mwayi wolandira katundu yemwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a tchipisi ta mbatata (mbidzi chip), popeza m'mayikowa kulamulira kwa phytosanitary kwa kukhalapo kwa Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum sikuchitika, ” Katswiriyo akutero, “panthawiyi, awa ndi matenda owopsa omwe amawopseza osati kaloti, komanso mbatata zomwe zimabzalidwa mosinthana mbewu. Kutayika kwa zokolola kumatha kufika 40%.
KUSANKHA MWA SHANTANE
Malinga ndi woimira kampani ya Vilmorin, opanga zaulimi aku Russia sanakumane ndi kusowa kwa mbewu za karoti zamitundu ina ndi ma hybrids mu nyengo yatsopano, zinali zotheka kuitanitsa maudindo aliwonse pakati pa zomwe zasankhidwa zomwe zidaphatikizidwa mu State Register.
Nthawi yomweyo, makasitomala adasankha makamaka mokomera ma hybrids amtundu wa Shantane. "Mwa zina, izi ndi zotsatira za nthawi yophukira yovuta ya 2022., akufotokoza Vasily Zaitsev, - Ma hybrids a Shantane sakhala okoma ngati Nantes kapena Kuroda, koma kaloti zamtunduwu zimasweka pang'ono komanso zimakhala zolimba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti wolima ali ndi mwayi wokolola nyengo itakhala yovuta..
Nthawi zambiri, monga momwe akatswiri amanenera, kufalikira kwa mitundu ya Shantane m'dziko lathu kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuyambitsa kukolola kwamakina.
«M'zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zapitazi, alimi a m'dera la Volgograd akhala akusintha mwachangu ku ukadaulo wa ridge; kale, kaloti amalimidwa pano pazitunda., - katswiri akupereka chitsanzo. - Koma panthawi ya mliri, alimi adakumana ndi kusowa kwa ntchito, ndiyeno kukwera kwakukulu kwamitengo ya antchito. Zotsatira zake, famu iliyonse idayesa kugula chophatikizira chamzere umodzi, koma adakakamizika kuwunikiranso ma hybrids omwe adakula.".
«Koma m'minda ya Novgorod, kaloti nthawi zambiri amakololedwa ndi manja., amagawana zomwe awona Zaitsev, - ndipo m’derali, kaloti amtundu wa Nantes ndiwo amafala kwambiri. Ubwino wake, kuwonjezera pa kukoma, umaphatikizapo kuyenerera kwa kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Alimi ambiri a Novgorod ali ndi nyumba zosungiramo firiji zamakono, zomwe zimawalola kugulitsa zinthu zabwino kwambiri mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yotsatira.".
Ngakhale pamashelefu amasitolo m'madera ambiri a Russia, Shantane amaimiridwabe kwambiri. "Zaka zoposa 10 zapitazo, pamene ndinayamba kugwira ntchito ku Vilmorin, - akuti Vasily Zaitsev, - Zina mwa ntchito zanga zinali kukweza kaloti zamtundu wa Nantes m'maketani ogulitsa. Zosakaniza zamtunduwu ndizofala ku Ulaya, koma pali dothi losiyana ndi nyengo yosiyana, ku France ndi kum'mwera kwa Germany, mwachitsanzo, kaloti amatha kuzizira pansi. Ku Russia, zonse ndi zosiyana, ndipo maunyolo ogulitsa omwe amagwira ntchito m'gawo lake ayenera kuganizira izi. Kwa masitolo, choyamba, kuwonetsera kwazinthu ndizofunikira, palibe amene amafunikira zidutswa, kotero Shantane adzatenga gawo la mkango mu assortment, izi ndizopindulitsa kwa alimi ndi ogulitsa.".
ZOVUTA KUSAMALA KOMA NDIZOVUTA KUSUNGA
Kulankhula za chiyembekezo chamtsogolo cha kaloti ku Russia sikophweka. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zokolola zitha kuwoneka mu chitsanzo cha ntchito zingapo zazikulu zamasamba zomwe zidayambika mchaka cha 2014: ndi nyengo yatsopano iliyonse, akuchepetsa kwambiri gawo la kaloti pakukolola kwathunthu. Masiku ano, bizinesi yolima mbewu pamahekitala 50-80 ndi bizinesi yayikulu kale.
«Nthawi zambiri, ndikosavuta kukula., - sure Vasily Zaitsev, - zovuta kwambiri kusunga. Ndikhozanso kuzindikira zovuta za kukonzanso. Gawo lalikulu la kaloti ku Russia limapangidwa kumadera akum'mwera, koma mankhwalawa amatsukidwa ndi madzi ofunda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale "mikwingwirima", ndipo zinthu zambiri zomwe zingakhale zabwino zimapita kukonzanso. Ku Israeli, mwachitsanzo, mizere yonse yochapira imakhala ndi ma hydrocoolers omwe amasunga madzi kutentha mpaka +3 ° C, chifukwa chake ndizotheka kuchepetsa kwambiri zinyalala.".
Koma nkhani zonse zopanga zimatha kuthetsedwa ngati alimi ali ndi chilimbikitso pa izi, katswiriyo akukhulupirira. "Ngati pakufunika, padzakhala kupezeka., - zolemba Zaitsev, - mu 2021, kaloti amawononga ndalama zabwino kwambiri, ndipo aliyense adalimbikitsidwa. Tsopano chitukuko cha ulimi chikhoza kuthandizidwa ndi kubwezeretsanso chakudya cha anthu. Kufunika kwa masamba kukuyendetsa gawo lalikulu lazakudya, ndipo tikukhulupirira kuti izi zidzapatsa alimi chifukwa chokhalira ndi chiyembekezo.".