Ndi liti pamene kuli bwino kugula mbewu za mbatata zobzala mu nyengo yatsopano?
Zachidziwikire, kampani iliyonse imasankha mawu oyenera mwanjira yawoyawo, kutengera ntchito ndi kuthekera kwake. Koma, monga lamulo, nthawi zonse pali ogula omwe amayimitsa mphindi ino mpaka March ndipo ngakhale mpaka April, ndipo pali ambiri a iwo: mafoni a makampani opanga mbewu kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndi otentha kwambiri.
GULUTSA MBEU MBATA?
Chaka chino, opanga mbewu ambiri odziwika bwino ndi ogulitsa awona kufunikira kwa zinthu zawo kuyambira m'chilimwe. Makampani ena adatha kupeza ogula achikulire kwenikweni asanayambe kukolola. Chifukwa chake ndi chiyani ndipo tiyenera kuyembekezera kuchepa pamsika?
MBEWU ZA KU ULAYA
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi gawo lotentha kwambiri la mutuwo: kaphatikizidwe ka mbewu kuchokera ku Europe. Chaka chino, mapulani ogulira mabizinesi ambiri aku Russia adakonzedwanso chifukwa cha chilala choopsa, chomwe chidakhudza pafupifupi mayiko onse omwe akupanga mbewu za mbatata, kuphatikiza omwe amagulitsa mbewu ku Russia: Netherlands, Finland ndi Germany (magawo osiyana). Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, olima mbewu m'maikowa adalandira zosakwana 20-30% ya kuchuluka komwe amayembekezeredwa.
Pachifukwa ichi, alimi anakakamizika kuchepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero cha maere a mbewu zomwe zikupita ku mayiko - ogula. Zimakhala zovuta kudziwa kuti ndi ziwerengero ziti zomwe kuchepetsa kumeneku kudzabweretsa ku Russia (kumapeto kwa Okutobala 2018). Kumbukirani: koyambirira kwa chilimwe cha 2018, pafupifupi matani 14 ndi theka a mbatata adatumizidwa ku Russia, pomwe matani opitilira 12 adachokera kumayiko a EU. Masiku ano, makampani ena ogulitsa akuyembekeza kuti ma voliyumu azidulidwa ndi magawo atatu mwa magawo atatu.
Chifukwa chake, makampani angapo adalengeza kale kuchuluka kwamitengo yambewu yambatata yopanga zakunja. Zina - zofunika kwambiri. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti opanga akuphatikizanso pamtengo watsopano wa zinthu zaku Europe osati kungolipira zotayika kuchokera kuzinthu zotayika, komanso, mwachitsanzo, mtengo wamafuta ndi mafuta, omwe wakula kwambiri chaka chino.
Nthawi yomweyo, pafupifupi onse ogulitsa mbewu za ku Europe (kuchokera kwa omwe adafunsidwa ndi magaziniyo) adanenanso kuti pofika kumayambiriro kwa autumn amakhala ndi zofunsira kuchokera kumabizinesi aku Russia ogula mbewu mumtengo womwe mwachidziwikire umaposa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zingatheke. . M'mawu ena, si aliyense amene angakwanitse kugula mbatata yamitundu ina yamitundu ina chaka chino.
Komabe, mabungwe ena a zaulimi ku Russia adanena kuti adaganiza zosiya kugula mbewu za nyengo ya 2018 kuchokera kunja, poopa kuti mbewu zomwe zimabzalidwa nyengo yovuta zikhoza kukhala ndi mavuto abwino.
MBEWU YA MBATA YA RUSSIA YOPHUNZITSIDWA
Koma unyinji wa mbewu (mwa matani 900 obzalidwa chaka chilichonse mdziko muno) ndi mbatata zomwe zimabzalidwa ku Russia. Kodi munganene chiyani za iye?
Chaka chino, minda yambewu m'zigawo zambiri za dzikolo idakumananso ndi zovuta zanyengo. Kuzizira kwa nthawi yayitali kunathandizira kufalikira kwa Rhizoctoniae. Chilimwe chotentha, chowuma chinapangitsa kuchepa kwa tuberization; kuchepa kwa ma tubers kudadziwika m'mafamu amadera omwe amalima mbewu, ku North-West ndi Central Russia. M'nyengo yophukiranso yowuma, alimiwo anafufuza momwe angakolole m'nthaka yolimba yamiyala. Sikuti aliyense amayenera kulandira zizindikiro zabwino: m'mafamu ambiri, mbatata zambiri zidawonongeka ndi makina, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mavuto osungira amatha kulosera.
Zoonadi, lero, pamene zokolola zangotha kumene, sikuchedwa kuweruza ubwino ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu za mbatata pamsika. Zinthu zidzamveka bwino pofika mwezi wa December, pamene alimi omwe ali ndi udindo adzalandira zotsatira za maphunziro a tubers chifukwa cha matenda; chithunzi chokwanira chidzapangidwa ndi kasupe, malingana ndi zotsatira zosungirako, ndipo chigamulo chomaliza chikhoza kupangidwa malinga ndi zotsatira za nyengo yotsatira. Komabe, zomwe zili pamwambazi zikusonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa mbewu zabwino pamsika kungakhale kochepa kuposa masiku onse, ndipo mitengo yake ndi yokwera.
Nthawi yomweyo, omwe amapanga mbatata zapakhomo iwowo sakhulupirira kuti zomwe zikuchitika pamsika chaka chino ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi nyengo zam'mbuyomu ndipo zimafunikira dongosolo lapadera. "Palibe chisangalalo," atero Anastasia Borovkova, wamkulu wa dipatimenti ya mbatata ku Germany Seed Alliance Russ, "Timagwira ntchito nthawi zonse yophukira. Monga nthawi zonse, minda yochokera kumadera akummwera akumaliza kale mapangano ndikulipira maoda. Mabizinesi aku Central Russia akuwunikabe zotsatira za kukolola, kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa mbewu zomwe adzafune chaka chamawa. "
Ngakhale palibe amene amakana kuti mbatata ya mitundu yotchuka kwambiri komanso yabwino kwambiri imagulitsidwa poyamba.
Anastasia Borovkova akutsimikizira kuti: "mbatata zamitundu yodziwika bwino nthawi zonse zimasanjidwa chaka chatsopano, "chaka chino, kumapeto kwa Okutobala, tazindikira kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya Red Lady yopangidwa ku Russia".
"Aliyense amene akufuna kupeza mbewu zabwino ayenera kuzisamalira pasadakhale," akutero Oleg Martyshin, wachiwiri kwa director wa kampani ya Slava Potato, "tinasaina mapangano oyamba opereka mbewu chaka chino mu Ogasiti".
Ndipo malinga ndi a Vladimir Molyanov, General Director wa Molyanov Agro Group LLC, kugula mbewu za nyengo ya 2019 kumatanthauza kugwira ntchito mochedwa, panthawi ino muyenera kuganizira za masika a 2020: "Alimi omwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu pakulima mbatata amadziwa kale. kuti adzabzala mbatata m'dera liti m'chaka, adzafuna mitundu yanji. Amasiya ntchito ku kampani yambewu, amayendera zobzala m'chilimwe, ndipo m'dzinja, ngati zonse ziwayenerera, amagula maere oyenera. Ichi ndi chaka chachitatu motsatizana kuti tidalemba zomwe zikuchitika pakuchita bizinesi iyi ”.
BOMA COMMISSION: KUYAMBIRA KWA NTCHITO ZOLIPIDWA
Funsoli siligwirizana mwachindunji ndi mutu wa nkhaniyi ndipo, mwina, mpaka pano akudandaula makamaka mabungwe omwe amagwira ntchito yoweta kapena kulimbikitsa zomwe alimi akwaniritsa. Komabe, posachedwa, zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zowoneka bwino pamsika wambewu waku Russia. Tikukamba za Dongosolo la Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russia la August 31.08.2018, 143 No. XNUMX "Pa kuvomerezedwa kwa makonzedwe operekedwa ndi bungwe la federal state budgetary institution" State Commission of the Russian Federation poyesa ndi kuteteza kuswana kupindula ", zokhudzana ndi ntchito zake zazikulu, pamalipiro."
Lingaliro lokhazikitsa chindapusa cha ntchito za "State Sort Commission" zidayambitsa kukambirana koopsa pakati pa akatswiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pafupifupi palibe amene amakana kufunikira kwa muyeso uwu, ambiri amawona kuti "Registry State of Breeding Achievements Aloledwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito" lero ili ndi mitundu yambiri ya mitundu, ndipo si onse omwe amafunidwa ndi ogula. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa chindapusacho kudzachepetsa kuchuluka kwa omwe akufuna kufunsira mayeso osiyanasiyana ndipo kudzachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe pachaka zimagwera ogwira ntchito ku State Variety Commission. Ngakhale pakali pano tikukamba za ndalama zomwe sizingathe kuchepetsa, koma kudula gawo lalikulu la omwe akutenga nawo mbali pamsika.
Malinga ndi Vladimir Molyanov, kuyesa mitundu ya mbatata m'magawo atatu kudzawononga kampani yake pafupifupi ma ruble 800. Koma nthawi zina maphunziro a katundu wa zosiyanasiyana ikuchitika kwa zaka zingapo. Sikuti bungwe lililonse loswana lili ndi ndalama zotere, makamaka ngati ndi bungwe la boma.
Koma vuto lalikulu si ngakhale njira. Akatswiri amanena kuti njira yomwe ilipo yoyesera zosiyanasiyana ku Russia ikufunika kusintha kwakukulu.
Oimira a National Association of Maize and Sunflower Seed Producers mu kalata yotseguka yopita kwa Minister of Agriculture of the Russian Federation Dmitry Patrushev ndi pempho loti ayimitse Order No. 143 (zolembazo zimasindikizidwa pa webusayiti ya NGO SRO NAPSKiP) boma: "Pafupifupi onse ogwira nawo ntchito amawona kusiyana pakati pa bungwe la kuyesa kosiyanasiyana monga njira yokhazikitsira, komanso umisiri wamakono (wamafakitale) wolima mbewu zaulimi, zomwe zimakayikira zotsatira za mayeso osiyanasiyana a boma. "
Olima mbatata akhoza kufotokoza maganizo ofanana. Masiku ano, wogula mbewu, posankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, pafupifupi samaganizira zotsatira za kuyezetsa kosiyanasiyana, chifukwa mikhalidwe yolima mbatata pamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso m'munda wa famu inayake nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepa.
Zosintha ndizofunikira, ndikugwira ntchito paubwino wa ntchito zoperekedwa, malinga ndi momwe anthu amagwirira ntchito omwe adalowa nawo pazokambirana, ayenera kutsogola kukhazikitsidwa kwa chindapusa. Funso: ngati malingaliro awo adzamveka akadali otseguka.
Ndemanga zina zimayambitsidwanso ndi njira yopangira chisankho pakuwonjezera zosiyanasiyana ku State Register. Mwachitsanzo, oweta amadandaula kuti mitundu yokolola kwambiri imayikidwa patsogolo, pomwe masiku ano wolima atha kupanga phindu lalikulu osati chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo, koma ndi mikhalidwe yake yapadera: msika umafunikira mbatata yomwe ili ndi khungu losazolowereka, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri, oyenerera kuchapa, kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali ...