Zolemba: Tatiana Karabut
Mafakitale oyesera kupanga zopangira mankhwala otsukira mano, hyaluronic acid, ndi bioplastics yambewu akutsegulidwa ku Russia. Timachikulitsa kwambiri. Koma tsopano timatumiza kunja "mawonekedwe" obiriwira pamtengo umodzi, ndipo timagula mu mawonekedwe osinthidwa - okhala ndi mavitamini kapena amino acid - kale pamtengo wokwera. Kupanga kwa zinthu zotere mdzikolo kudzapangitsa kuti athe kuthana ndi kudalira kogulitsa katundu, kupanga ntchito masauzande ambiri, kupeza zochulukirapo zochulukirapo kuchokera kunja ndipo, chifukwa chake, kutsitsa mitengo yazogulitsa kwa ogula.
Ngati mutumiza kunja tirigu mamiliyoni 50 a tirigu osati "yaiwisi", koma osinthidwa, zopereka ku GDP zitha kuchuluka ndi ma ruble a 100-800 biliyoni, kutengera zomwe zasinthidwa, akuti Purezidenti wa Russian Biofuel Association Alexei Ablaev.
Chimodzi mwazomera zopangira tirigu chidatsegulidwa mchilimwe cha 2019 mdera la Kaluga. Rosva Biotechnological Complex imagwiritsa ntchito tirigu kukhala shuga-fructose syrups, crystalline glucose, wowuma, zosakaniza zamagulu, gluten ndi sorbitol, zomwe ndizofunikira popanga mankhwala otsukira mano ndi chingamu. Bizinesi ina, Oka-Biotech, pakadali pano yatulutsa gulu loyesera la hyaluronic acid kuchokera ku tirigu ndipo tsopano likufuna kupanga mafakitale abwino. Tsopano onse Russia sorbitol ndi asidi hyaluronic kwathunthu kwa Russia. Voliyumu yapadziko lonse ya msika wa hyaluronic acid, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, ndi matani mazana angapo pachaka. Malinga ndi gulu la iMARS, kupanga kwa dziko kwa sorbitol ndikoposa matani 2,5 miliyoni. Msika waku Russia wa sorbitol ndi matani 400 (kapena madola 35 miliyoni), amaganiza kuti ndi mnzake wa kampani ya NEO Center Vladimir Shaforostov.
Pali ntchito zomveka bwino zakukonza tirigu, zomwe zakhala zikugwira ntchito kwazaka zingapo, koma zatithandiza pang'ono pang'ono kapena pang'ono kutengera kudalira kwathu kugula zinthu zingapo zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, chomera cholimba cha Gulkevichsky (Krasnodar Territory) chimapanga maltodextrin (molasses). Kuchuluka kwa msika waku Russia wa maltodextrin tsopano ndi $ 34-35 miliyoni, akuganiza za Shaforostov.
Belgorod Premix Plant N1 imatulutsa amino acid lysine, womwe ndi wofunikira kwambiri pakuweta ziweto. M'mbuyomu, idatumizidwa kwathunthu kuchokera ku China ndi Europe. Ndikuchepa kwa kusinthana kwa ruble, zakhala zosangalatsa kukwera amino acid kuchokera kunja. Malinga ndi Feedinfo, mitengo ya lysine koyambirira kwa chaka inali yokwera kwambiri mzaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Kupanga kwa Russia ku 2020 kukuyerekeza 100-110 matani zikwi (kapena pafupifupi $ 170 miliyoni), pomwe zogulitsa kunja zidafika pafupifupi matani zikwi 50 chaka chatha, atero a Vladimir Shaforostov.
Koma pakadali pano tikudalira kudalira kwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi tirigu. Tsopano 90% ya zowonjezera zowonjezera ndi 100% ya mavitamini amatumizidwa kunja kuti azisamalira ziweto. Russia ikadalirabe 100% pamitengo ya citric acid (pafupifupi matani zikwi 60), akuwonjezera Vladimir Shaforostov.
Ntchito zina khumi ndi ziwiri zakukonza mozama tirigu zili pamapangidwe kapenanso kuzizira. Mwina palibe msika kapena ndalama. Tilibe malo amodzi opanga biofuel (kachiwiri, kuchokera ku tirigu). Ku Russia, sadzadutsa. West imapanga biofuel yakeyake ndipo imakhala ndi ntchito yoitanitsa. Kumeneko, udindo wowonjezera 5-10% ya biofuel udakhazikika m'alamulo pokhapokha atakakamizidwa ndi akazembe a zaulimi, a Ablaev adatero. “Tiyenera kupanga biofuel osati chifukwa choti tili ndi mafuta ochepa, koma chifukwa tili ndi njere zambiri. Zokolola zikukula mosalekeza, ndipo sitingadye zambiri mdzikolo. Iyenera kubwezeretsedwanso. Anthu ambiri apindula ndi kupanga ndi kugulitsa biofuels, makamaka muulimi, kuposa ndalama zomwe zimachokera ku mafuta wamba, "akufotokoza Ablaev. Malinga ndi kuwerengera kwake, ngati ku Russia, monga ku Europe, akuwonjezera 5% ya biofuel ku mafuta, izi zibweretsa ntchito 4 zikwi zaluso zapamwamba, ntchito zina 20 zosagwirizana, ma ruble 12,54 biliyoni pamisonkho. Mabanja alandila ndalama zowonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma ruble 46,38 biliyoni, ndalama ku GDP zidzafika ku ruble 66,47 biliyoni.
Pakadali pano, bioplastics kuchokera ku tirigu sapangidwa ku Russia, ngakhale makampani ena akuluakulu opanga mafuta amapanga izi. Kuchokera pakuwona kwachuma, ali pachiwopsezo - amafunika ndalama zazikulu. M'chilimwe cha 2019, zomangamanga ku Rustark zidayamba ku Lipetsk SEZ. Chuma chonsecho chikuyerekeza kuti ndi RUB 63 biliyoni. Zimaganiziridwa kuti poyamba zimatulutsa wowuma wosinthidwa, ndipo gawo lotsatira - bioplastics. Zowona, kulibe msika wawo ku Russia pano. Mayiko ambiri tsopano akuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki osawonongeka, atero Nina Adamova, wofufuza wamkulu ku Center for Economic Forecasting ya Gazprombank. Ku Europe, msonkho wampweya woipa ukuyambitsidwa - uzilipiridwa pazinthu zonse zomwe CO2 imatulutsa. Posakhalitsa, Russia ibweranso chimodzimodzi, akatswiri akutsimikiza. Ma bioplastics athu adzafunika, koma kanthawi pang'ono.
Kudalira kwamphamvu kwamitengo yakunyumba pamitengo yapadziko lonse lapansi kumayankhulanso m'malo mokonza tirigu. Vutoli lidawonekera kwambiri nyengo yathayi. Zokolola ku Russia mu 2020 zidakwana matani 133,5 miliyoni a tirigu, pomwe matani 49 miliyoni adatumizidwa kunja. Pofika Disembala chaka chatha, mitengo yambewu yapadziko lonse idakwera zaka zambiri. Ndipo izi zikuwonetsedwa pamitengo yaku Russia.
Akuluakulu aboma akhala akulankhula zakufunika kokonza mozama zaulimi osati tirigu wokha. Purezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin adalankhulanso za izi mu 2017. Koma zikuwoneka kuti ndikubweretsa ntchito yotumiza kunja (kuyambira Juni 2 ya tirigu, izikhala yosasintha ndipo idzawerengedwa pamtengo wamsika), bizinesiyo yapatsidwa chikwangwani chosamveka kuti asazengeleze nkhaniyi. Pamsonkhano womaliza ndi Minister of Agriculture Dmitry Patrushev, Vladimir Putin adangotsimikizira izi. "Tiyenera kuthandizira katundu wambiri wogulitsa kunja," adatero.
Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zachikhalidwe, mabizinesi aku Russia akuwonjezera kale kupanga zinthu zosinthidwa kwambiri - magawo osinthidwa, mapuloteni amamasamba, amino acid. Ogulitsa kunja kwa tirigu akuganiza kale zakugulitsa ndalama zopangira zinthu zamtengo wapatali, atero a Eduard Zernin, Wapampando wa Board of Union of Grain Exporters. Koma sayenera kukhala bioplastics kapena amino acid. Tiyenera kuyamba ndi zinthu zosavuta - ufa womwewo ndi pasitala. Malinga ndi katswiriyu, lero kuli zopempha za ufa waku Russia ngakhale kuchokera kwa omwe amapanga zazikulu - mwachitsanzo, Turkey. Ndipo pasitala, msika wopanda malire ndi mayiko aku Southeast Asia, kuyambira ndi China.
Osati tirigu yekha
Zida zomwe zili ndi phindu lowonjezeka zimaphatikizapo zinthu zonse zamtengo wapatali (kuphatikiza nyama, shuga, ufa, timadziti) ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali (chokoleti ndi confectionery, zamzitini, chakudya cha nyama, tchizi, masoseji, vinyo, ndi zina zambiri) ndi zina) , adauza a Ministry of Agriculture. Kumapeto kwa 2020, kutumizira kunja kwa zakudya ndi mafakitale ogulitsa zinthu zakula ndi 13% mpaka $ 4,5 biliyoni poyerekeza ndi 2019.
Makamaka, dipatimentiyi imawona kuti makeke ophika nyama ndi nyama ndi amodzi mwa malo odalirika kwambiri pokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu kumisika yakunja. Mu 2020, zogulitsa kunja zogulitsa zidakwana $ 1,4 biliyoni (57% kuposa 2015). Pofika chaka cha 2024, katundu akuyembekezeka kukwera mpaka $ 2 biliyoni. Kutumiza kwa nyama ndi nyama zomwe zatsirizidwa chaka chatha kudakwera ndi 43% ndikufika $ 1 biliyoni. Malinga ndi kulosera kwa Ministry of Agriculture, pofika chaka cha 2024 zikhala zoposa $ 1,5 biliyoni. Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa mafuta ndi mafuta, mkaka ndi nsomba zikukula mwachangu, ndipo kutumiza kwa vinyo waku Russia kukukulirakulira.
Boma limathandizira kupanga zinthu zoterezi ndi ngongole zazing'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, mu 2021, Unduna wa zaulimi ukhazikitsa njira zatsopano zothandizira pakukula kwaulimi ndizowonjezera mtengo: kulipidwa kwa zina mwa ndalama zokhazikitsira mabizinesi okonza zaulimi, komanso njira yabwino yobwerekera kugula za zida zamakono.