Sergey Banadysev, Dokotala wa Sayansi ya Zaulimi, Mutu wa pulogalamu yobereketsa ya Doka-Gene Technologies LLC
Kulima kolima ndikukula pang'onopang'ono kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula kumatsimikizira kukhathamiritsa kwa mbatata kuipitsa minda. Namsongole amachepetsa kwambiri zokolola za mbatata, makamaka pamene mpikisano wa kuwala, chakudya ndi madzi ukukulirakulira chifukwa cha kuchepa kapena matenda. Namsongole amalepheretsanso kukolola, kutseka zida zogwirira ntchito ndikuwononga nthaka. Iwo ndi nkhokwe za matenda ambiri a mbatata ndi tizirombo, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwachindunji pamtundu wa mbewu. Udindo wa namsongole pakufalikira kwa matenda ndi chifukwa chokhudzana ndi mbewu za mbatata pakagwa kufalikira ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Nthawi yayitali yokula ya mbatata imalola mitundu yambiri ya udzu kuti ikwaniritse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisungidwe. Mbewu zimafalitsa matenda osati kokha kuchokera ku chomera cha mayi kupita kwa ana, komanso kumadera ena. Namsongole monga gwero la matenda ndikofunikira makamaka pakupanga mbewu za mbatata, ntchito yayikulu ndikupanga mbewu yopanda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Pakati pa namsongole, pali malo ambiri osungira matenda. Mitundu yoposa 100 imadzipezera Y-virus ndi spindle tuber viroid. Izi ndi hemork stork, black henbane, blue cornflower, veronica (mitundu), munda womangika, halinsoga yaying'ono, mbalame zam'mapiri, kukwera mapiri, bindweed buckwheat, sweet clover, white sandwheat, barberry, common starweed, lacfiol jaundice, common rugwort , Mary woyera, mayi ndi mayi opeza, euphorbia sungazer, timbewu tonunkhira, kubzala nthula, mankhwala a dandelion, nightshade wakuda, chikwama cha abusa, nyemba wamba, bedstraw yolimba, chomera chachikulu, chowawa wamba, tirigu wamtchire, radish wamtchire, utomoni wamba, nsapato zazitali , chithaphwi cha chithaphwi, violet wam'munda, sorelo wamahatchi, bristle wobiriwira, nkhwangwa yosinthidwa, kuwomba kofiirira. Choopsa chachikulu monga omwe amasonkhanitsa mavairasi ndi namsongole osatha - kubzala nthula, zokwawa za tirigu, chomera, chowawa, popeza matendawa amapitilizabe kuzizira ndipo amapitilira ku mbeu za nyengo yotsatira. Nightshade, henbane, nthula yaminga, gauze woyera, nkhwangwa, timbewu tonunkhira, dandelion, nettle, clover, hop ndi zomwe zimakhazikitsa mbeu ya tsinde nematode, yomwe yasandulika kwambiri ngati mbewu ndi mbatata. Mitundu yamtchire ya banja la a Solanaceae - monga black nightshade, owawa, ndi henbane wakuda - amasunga matenda a bakiteriya m'minda kwanthawi yayitali. Mbatata za namsongole zikukhala gwero lapadera la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimachulukitsa osati m'malo otayikira pansi, komanso m'minda chifukwa chazizira kwambiri. (njira zowongolera mbatata ngati udzu zafotokozedwa munyuzipepala ya "Potato System" No. 3, 2019).
Ulamuliro wa udzu wamankhwala ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakompyuta yamakono pakukula mbatata. World assortment Ma herbicides omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mbatata ndiosiyanasiyana ndipo amaphatikizapo mankhwala ophera namsongole musanadzalemo, isanamera komanso nthawi yokula ya mbatata. Mbatata isanatuluke m'maiko osiyanasiyana, zinthu zopangira (dv-va) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: glyphosate, diquat, paraquat, ammonium glufosinate, dimethamide, fomesafen, methobromuron, linuron, prometrin, metribuzin, eptam, S-metolachlor, sulfentrazone, clomazone, clomazone , propisochlor, prosulfocarb, pendimethalin, flurochloridone, flufenacet. Munthawi yakukula, gulu lathunthu loyenerana ndi mbatata limaphatikiza bentazone, MCPA, metribuzin, rimsulfuron, chizalofopethyl, fluazifop - P-butyl, cedodim, propachizafop. Kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mankhwala osiyanasiyana ogwirira ntchito kumasiyana kwambiri chifukwa cha kuthekera kosiyanasiyana kwa ukadaulo walimidwe wakomweko, nthaka ndi nyengo ndi kapinga. Chifukwa chake, mankhwala ophera tizilombo opangidwa ndi eptam, treflan, C-metolachlor, omwe amafuna kuti aphatikizidwe m'nthaka, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha mbatata zomwe zimalima ku USA ndi Canada. Ma herbicides opitilira omwe amakhala ndi glyphosate, diquat, paraquat, piraflufen, ammonium glufosinate amangogwira ntchito yolimbana ndi namsongole wamasamba, sizimakhudza mbewu zomwe zimawonekera pambuyo pake. Sikuti namsongole onse ali ndi nthawi yoti imere mbatata isanaphukire. Ndipo kukonzekera kumeneku sikuyenera kukhala pa mbatata mulimonsemo. Chifukwa chake, malamulo oti agwiritse ntchito akuphatikizira mawu awa - "Mpaka pomwe ming'alu idzawonekere kapena kubowola nthaka." - chithunzi 1,2. Poterepa, tikutanthauza ming'alu yomwe imapangidwa ndi mbatata zomwe zimamera. Kudzera mu ming'alu imeneyi, mankhwala ophera tizilombo opitirizabe akuwononga mbatata.
Chilichonse chogwiritsa ntchito herbicides yosankha imakhala ndi zochitika zake pamsongole. Pali maudzu osagwirizana ndi ma herbicides onse omwe alipo - zotumphukira wamba, munda wamahatchi, ma geranium odziwika (Gome 1-3). Palibe D.-in., Kusankha mbatata, koma wokhoza kuwononga mitundu yonse yazomera. Mamolekyu a hizalafopetil, fluazifop-P-butyl, propachisaphop, ma celodime adapangidwa kuti azithana ndi mitundu ya udzu wamphesa zokha. Metobromuron, metribuzin, linuron, promethrin, rimsulfuron ali ndi mawonekedwe owonjezera. The cobweed sugwirizana ndi metribuzin, wakuda nightshade, wazaka wabuluu wazaka, prometrin - pachaka Bluegrass, munda femurea, purpurea aimurea, munda butyl, oyera gauze to rimsulfuron, Highlanders, bindweed, Sophia decurania, wamba dope, black nightshade, porcine. Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwala osakanikirana, ophatikiza ma mankhwala awiri, zosakanikirana ndi akasinja komanso magawo anthawi zosiyanasiyana nyengo yakula adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Gome 1. Kuwonekera kwa zochita za herbicides (Rebarz K., 2019)
Zogwira ntchito | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Udzu | Bentazone | Hizalafoptil | Clomazon | Chikuz | Fluazitop-R-butyl | Flufenacet | Fluorochloride | Kletodim | MSPA | Metobromuron | Metribuzin | Pendimethalin | Mawu | Propizochlor | Prosulfocarb | Rimsulfuron | Tepraloxydim |
Datura wamba | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Geranium idatulidwa | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Wamba mabulosi | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | + | ++ | - | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | ++ | ++ |
Dymyanka officinalis | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | - | ++ | - |
Munda violet | + | - | - | - | - | ++ | + | - | - | ++ | ++ | + | - | + | + | + | - |
Nyenyezi yapakatikati | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | + | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | - | + | ++ | ++ | - |
Mwanawankhosa ali ndi vuto. | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | - |
Mary White | + | - | + | - | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | + | ++ | + | - |
Wopanga | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Munda wa Cirsium | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - |
Wheat udzu zokwawa | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | ++ |
Pikulnik wamba | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | + | - |
Veronica | + | - | + | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | + | - | - | ++ | - | - |
Wamng'ono waku Canada | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Oyeretsa | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | + | - | - | + | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | ++ | - |
Nightshade wakuda | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | - |
Nyanja | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
Nyanja | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | - |
Highlander Bindweed | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | - |
Mayweed | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | - | + | - | ++ | - | ++ | - |
Kugwiririra | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | + | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | + | ++ | - |
Mahatchi | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Shamwari akaponyedwa kumbuyo | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | ++ | - | ++ | - |
Chikwama cha Abusa | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | - |
Mchaka wacht | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | - |
Bluegrass pachaka | - | ++ | + | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | - | ++ | + | ++ | - | ++ | + | - | ++ |
Bristle wobiriwira | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | - | + | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | ++ | ++ |
Galinsoga yaying'ono maluwa | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | + | - |
Nthano: ++ - udzu wanzeru; + - udzu umakhala wofatsa; - - udzu ulimbikira.
Gome 2. Kuchita bwino kwa mankhwala azitsamba zazikuluzikulu, Germany 2020
Tebulo 3. Mawonekedwe a zochita za herbicides (Phelan S., Scotland, 2017)
Udzu wamtundu | Mphamvu ya Zencor | Zenkor itatha. | Stomp | Linuron dovsh. | Onyoza Mitundu. | Lingo dovsh. | Stallion Mitima. | Dikvat dovsh. | Zolemba zowonjezera. | Tito pambuyo. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bluegrass pachaka | S | S | S | MR | S | MS | S | MS | ||
Nettle pachaka | S | S | MS | S | S | |||||
Highlander Bindweed | R | MS | S | S | ||||||
Nightshade wakuda | R | MS | R | S | S | S | S | MS | ||
Highlander Bindweed | MS | S | MS | S | S | S | MS | |||
Udzu wakuda? | S | MS | S | MR | MR | S | ||||
Mtundu wamtchire | S | S | S | S | MR | S | S | S | ||
Nyenyezi yapakatikati | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | |
Oyeretsa | R | R | MS | MR | S | S | MS | S | S | S |
Mayweed | MS | S | S | S | ||||||
Mint munda | R | S | ||||||||
Geranium idatulidwa | MS | S | MS | |||||||
Wheat udzu zokwawa | R | S | ||||||||
Tsinde Lobule | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | |
Mary White | S | S | S | S | MS | S | S | S | MR | |
Mchaka wacht | S | S | S | S | S | MS | ||||
Dymyanka officinalis | S | S | MS | R | MR | S | MS | S | ||
Ragwort | S | S | S | S | MS | S | S | MS | ||
Pikulnik wamba | S | S | S | S | MR | S | S | S | ||
Buckwheat | MS | MS | S | MR | MS | S | S | S | MS | |
Mayweed | S | S | S | S | MR | MS | S | MS | S | |
White mpiru | S | |||||||||
Wodziyesa wokha wogwetsedwa | S | S | S | R | S | MR | MS | S | S | |
Chikwanje chikufalikira | S | S | S | S | MS | MS | S | S | MS | |
Nyanja | S | S | S | S | MS | MS | S | S | MS | |
Munda violet | S | MS | S | S | MS | MR | S | S | MS | |
Wamba poppy | S | S | S | S | MR | S | MS | |||
Scaley Wamphamvu | S | S | S | S | S | MS | MS | S | S | S |
Bonfire rye | MS | R | ||||||||
Ziphuphu zakumaso | S | S | MR | |||||||
Лнянка | R | R | R | MS | ||||||
Wopanga | S | S | S | |||||||
Chikwama cha Abusa | S | S | MS | S | S | S | S | |||
Curly sorelo | S | S | ||||||||
Osot ndi chikasu | MS | MS | MS | S | MS | S | MS | |||
Veronica | S | S | S | S | S | MS | S | S | S | |
Ovsyug | R | MS | MR | S | MS |
S = zomvera, MS = yapakati R = khola MR = zosagwira pakatikati
Chifukwa chake, ku USA kwa 2020 tikupemphanso kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zamatangi pochizira chisanachitike potengera pendimethalin, eptam, C-metolachlor, metribuzin, rimsulfuron ndi zetoxydim. Ku Canada, zosakaniza za metribuzin ndi linuron, glufosinate, sulfentrazone zimalimbikitsidwanso (Gulu 4).
Tebulo 4. Kugawa mankhwala azitsamba ku Canada kwa 2020
MALANGIZO A HERBICIDE APA | Malo Othandizira | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kuti mumve zambiri, chonde onani Herbicide Notes, Herbicide Selection Table ndi zolemba za Product. | Kupanga | Vuto | Kuletsa Kulozera Koyeserera | Nthawi Yokolola Isanachitike | gulu | |||||
Mankhwala Name | mankhwala | Zogulitsa / ha | Wopulumutsa | Padziko lapansi | Madzi <1m | |||||
ASANAKHALA KUKULA | ||||||||||
EPTC | ePTA | 4.25-8.5 L / ha | palibe | EC | VLH | 24 | 45 | 8 | 4 | 1 |
glyphosate 1 | Zosiyanasiyana: Zowzungulira etc. | 2.5-7 L / ha | unsankhula | SN | VLH | 12 | - | 9 | 15 | 15 |
s-metolachlor | Wapawiri II Magnum | 1.25-1.75 L / ha | palibe | EC | VLH | 12 | - | 15 | - | 29 |
KONZANI ZOYENELA | ||||||||||
dimethenamid-p | Frontier Max, Chiyembekezo | 0.756-0.963 L / ha | palibe | EC | LH | 24 | 40 | 15 | 3 | 1 |
adachilipa | Reflex | 1 L / ha | unsankhula | SN | LH | 12 | 70 | 14 | 15 | 15 |
shuga | Musanyalanyaze | 2.7-5 L / ha | palibe | SN | VLH | 12 | - | 10 | 1 | 1 |
glyphosate 1 | Zosiyanasiyana: Zowzungulira etc. | 2.5 L / ha | unsankhula | SN | VLH | 12 | - | 9 | 15 | 15 |
linuron | Lorox L | 2.25-4.5 L / ha | palibe | SU | VLH | 24 | - | 7 | - | - |
linuron + s-metolachlor | Lorox LDual II Magnum | 1.9-2.3 L / ha 1.25-1.75 L / ha | palibe | SU EC | VLH | 24 | - | 7 15 | - | 29 |
malowa | Sencor, Tricor, squadron Sencor 500 FL, Metrix | 0.55 - 1.5 kg / ha kapena 0.85 - 2.25 L / ha | palibe | Zamgululi | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 | 10 | 5 |
metribuzin + glufosinate | Sencor 500FL Metrix Musanyalanyaze | 1.1 L / ha 2.7-5 L / ha | palibe | SU SN | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 10 | 10 | 5 |
metribuzin + linuron | Sencor, Tricor, squadron Lorox L | 0.55 - 1.1 kg / ha 1.6-3.75 L / ha | palibe | DF SU | VLH | 24 | 60 | 5 7 | 10 | 5 |
metribuzin + s-metolachlor | Sencor, Tricor, squadron Wapawiri II Magnum | 0.55 - 1.5 kg / ha 1.25-1.75 L / ha | palibe | DF EC | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 15 | 10 | 29 |
metribuzin + s-metolachlor | Kumanga: Tricor + UPI S-MET | 0.55 kg / ha 1.3 L / ha | palibe | DF | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 15 | 10 | 29 |
metribuzin / s-metolachlor | Malire LQD | 1.85-2.5 L / ha | palibe | EC | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 15 | 10 | 29 |
metribuzin + sulfentrazone | Nkhani Yamasewera Othamanga | 0.6 - 0.8 kg / ha 0.16-0.22 L / ha | palibe | Zamgululi | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 14 | 10 | 5 |
POPEZA EMERGENCE (NGATI MUNGAGWIRITSE NTCHITO) | ||||||||||
malowa | Sencor, Tricor, squadron Sencor 500FL Metrix | 0.55 - 1.5 kg / ha 0.85 - 2.25 L / ha | palibe | DF SU | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 | 10 | 5 |
metribuzin + rimsulfuron | Kwa Tito: Tricia Prism | 0.28 - 0.375 kg / ha 60 g / ha + 0.2% v / v | Osati ionic | DF SG | LH | 12 | 60 | 5 2 | 10 | 5 |
POSA EMERGENCE | ||||||||||
anzeru | Sankhani / Arrow | 0.19-0.38 L / ha + 0.5-1.0% v / v | Amigo kapena X- Act | EC | VLH | 12 | 60 | 1 | 15 | - |
fluazifop-p-butyl | Kutumiza L | 1.0 - 2.0 L / ha | palibe | EC | VLH | - | 45 | 1 | 15 | 15 |
rimsulfuron | Prism, Rimsulfuron | 60 g / ha + 0.2% v / v | Osati ionic | SG | LH | 12 | 30 | 2 | 5 | 1 |
munthuxydim | Ultra woyipa | 0.32-1.1 L / ha + 1-2 L / ha kusefukira | Phatikizani kapena Thandizani | EC | VLH | 12 | 80 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Kupanga: DF - Youma Kuyamba; EC - Emulsifiable Concentrate; SN - Yankho; SU - Kuyimitsidwa; SG - Agogo a Soluble Zowopsa: LH - Zowopsa Zapansi; VLH - Zowopsa Kwambiri Chidziwitso: 1) Mitengo imaperekedwa kwa 356 g yogwira / L kupanga. Fotokozerani zilembedwe zamalonda kuti muwonetsetse zolondola pakugwiritsa ntchito. Ikani ngati udzu utamera, koma mbatata zisanatuluke, palibe zotsalira. |
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Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera mankhwala ku maiko aku Europe akuchepa mwachangu posachedwa, ndipo mphamvu zoyendetsera zachilengedwe ku EU ndizolimba kwambiri. Posachedwa, zinthu za linuron, diquat zinaletsedwa, pali zonena zakuletsedwa kwa metribuzin. Chifukwa chake, malamulo oteteza mbatata ku Germany ndi mayiko ena onse a mbatata a 2020 ali ndi mamolekyulu ochepa okha (Gulu 5). Ndi kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwa minda, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito nthawi isanatuluke kuphatikiza kwa bandur + zenkor, novotron + zenkor, proman + novotron, artist + centium 36 (Gulu 2,5).
Tebulo 5. Assortment of herbicides ku Germany kwa 2020.
Namsongole | Mankhwala | GHS | Zoletsa ntchito | WZ | Norm | Ndemanga |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mbewu dicotyledonous namsongole, bluu chaka chilichonse | Wolemba masewero (prosulfocarb) | 07 08 09 | NW - (- / - / *) m NT145,146,170 | F | 4,5 - 5,0 l | Kuukira monocotyledonous ndi dicotyledonous namsongole. Asanaphuke, atatsala pang'ono kumera mbatata. Pokana mitundu ya chamomile, kumtunda, mzungu woyera, gwiritsani ntchito chisakanizo ndi Sencor Liquid 0,3 - 0,5 l / ha. Gwiritsani ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndi chinyezi chochepa muzomera zazing'ono (mwachitsanzo masamba, zitsamba, beets, ...) ziyenera kupewedwa. |
Boxer Sencor Liquid Pack (prosulfocarb + metribuzin) | 07 08 09 | NW - (- / - / *) m NW706 NT103,145,146,170 | 42 | 3,0 - 5,0 l + 0,3 - 0,5 malita | Kuukira monocotyledonous ndi dicotyledonous namsongole. Asanaphuke, atatsala pang'ono kumera mbatata. Pokana mitundu ya chamomile, kumtunda, mzungu woyera, gwiritsani ntchito chisakanizo ndi Sencor Liquid 0,3 - 0,5 l / ha. Gwiritsani ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndi chinyezi chochepa muzomera zazing'ono (mwachitsanzo masamba, zitsamba, beets, ...) ziyenera kupewedwa. | |
Mbewu dicotyledonous namsongole, bluu chaka chilichonse | Sencor Liquid (metribuzin) | 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW706, NT103 | 42 | 0,9 l | Motsutsa pachaka tirigu ndi dicotyledonous namsongole. Pambuyo pokoka, posakhalitsa asanatuluke. |
Mistral (Metribuzinum) | 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW706, NT103 | F | 0,75 makilogalamu | ||
Sencor madzi (metribuzin) | 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NW701, NT102 | 42 | 0,4 - 0,6 l | Motsutsana namsongole. Makamaka pamtunda wa humus wokhala ndi maudzu ofunda mpaka 5 cm, mbatata mpaka 10 cm. Zosiyanasiyana zamalingaliro, tcherani khutu! | |
Mistral (Metribuzinum) | 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NW701, NT102 | 42 | 0,3 - 0,5 kg | ||
Metric (метрибузин + кломазон) | 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW701, NT109,127,149 | F | 1,5 l | Dovskhodovo, yolimbana ndi namsongole ndi namsongole. Osakanikirana ndi Bandur kapena Proman kuti awonetse pabwino ndikukulitsa mawonekedwe owoneka. Palibe ntchito pa kupanga mbewu. | |
Nthanga dicotyledonous namsongole, bluegrass pachaka, mame | Mzinda wa Novitron (alconifen + clomazone) | 07 08 09 | NW - (20/15/5) m NW701, NT108,127,149 | F | 2,4 makilogalamu | Pasadakhale, kumera, limodzi ndi zitunda |
Nthanga dicotyledonous namsongole, bluegrass pachaka, mame | Arcade (prosulfocarb + Metribuzin) | 09 | NW - (- / - / 5) m NW706, NT112,145,146,170, NG405 | F | 4,0 - 5,0 l | Dovskhodovo, kupita kukapachika ndipo pofika pa BBCH 15. Gwiritsani ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndi chinyezi chochepa pazomera zovuta (mwachitsanzo masamba, zitsamba, beets, ...) |
Laluso (flufenacet + metribuzin) | 07 08 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NW706, NT103 | F | 2,0 makilogalamu | Patsogolo panu, musanakumane. Pamadothi opepuka mpaka 2,0 kg / ha, pamadothi apakati komanso olemera mpaka 2,5 kg / ha. Gwiritsani ntchito dothi la humus kwambiri. Onani kuyenderana. | |
NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW706, NT103 | F | 2,5 makilogalamu | ||||
Nthanga dicotyledonous namsongole, bluegrass pachaka, mame | Cato (rimsulfuron) | 05 07 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW705, NT108 | F | 50 g + 0,3 L FHS | Pomwe kutalika kwa mbatata pamakhala masentimita 5 mpaka 20. Pewani kuphimba namsongole ndi masamba a mbatata. Osati pa mbatata za mbewu osati mitundu yoyambirira kapena yoyambirira. |
Rimuron 25 WG (rimsulfuron) | 05 07 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW705, NT108 | F | 50 g + 0,2 L FHS | ||
Proman (metobromuron) | 08 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NG404, NT102 | F | 2,0 - 3,0 l | Dovskhodovo. Motsutsana ndi bedi pamwala osakaniza a 2,0 l / ha Proman + mwachitsanzo Metric 1,0 l / ha kapena Boxer 3,0 l / ha amafunikira. | |
Mbale, kupatula chaka chilichonse chamtundu wabuluu | Agil-S (propaquasifop) | 07 09 | F | 0,5 - 1,0 l | Pambuyo pa kuphukira kwa udzu, pamlingo wa 2-4- kuchuluka kwa zakumwa zimasinthidwa poganizira mitundu ya njere. Mitengo yapamwamba yolimbana ndi udzu wamuyaya, nzimbe ndi sedge. | |
Yang'anani Pulogalamu Yogwira = Yang'anani Ultra + Dash (cycloxydim) | 05 07 08 09 | NT101 | 56 | 1,0 - 1,5 l + 1,0 -1,5 l |
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Fusilade MAX (fluazifop-P-ethyl) | 07 08 09 | NT101 | 90 | 1,0 l | ||
Targa Super (Quasilofopethyl) | 05 07 08 09 | NT101 | 49 | 0,75 - 1,25 l | ||
Mphete ndi Wokolola tirigu | Sankhani 240 EC + Radiamix (cellodym) | 07 08 09 | NT108 | 60 | 0,75 + 1,0 l | Pambuyo mbande kuchokera ku BBCH 12 mpaka kutseka timipata topita ku BBCH 29. Molimbana ndi buluku pachaka pagawo lolembetsa. |
Ndi kukhalapo kwa udzu wa tirigu wokwawa | Cato | 05 07 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NT103 | F | 30 g + 0,18 malita 20 g + 0,12 malita | Motsutsana ndi namsongole ndi dicotyledonous namsongole. Mndandanda wa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kutalika kwa masentimita 5 mpaka 20 ndi masiku 8-10. Osati pakupanga mbewu komanso mitundu yoyambirira kapena yoyambirira |
Rimuron 25WG | 05 07 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NT103 | F | 30 g + 0,2 malita 20 g + 0,2 malita |
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Yang'anani Pulogalamu Yogwira = Yang'anani Ultra + Dash | 05 07 08 09 | NT101 | 56 | 2,5 + 2,5 l | Pambuyo zikamera wa mbatata akuwombana ndi tirigu wa 15-20 masentimita. Nyengo yotentha imakondweretsa izi. Select 240 EC ilinso ndi malingaliro pazitsulo. | |
MAX Kuwombera | 07 08 09 | NT103 | 90 | 2,0 l | ||
Sankhani 240 EC + Radiamix | 07 08 09 | NT109 | 60 | 1,0 + 1,0 l | ||
Targa wapamwamba | 05 07 08 09 | NT102 | 49 | 2,0 l | ||
*) - sungani malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi akutali ndi matupi amadzi! GHS - kalasi yowopsa; WZ ndi nthawi yodikirira.
Olima mbatata aku Russia amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito herbicides potengera glyphosate, diquat, MCPA, metribuzin, prometrin, prosulfocarb, flurochloridone komanso kuphatikiza kwa flufenacet + metribuzin munthawi isanachitike. Pambuyo kumera, zinthu zotsatirazi zidaloledwa: cethodim, rimsulfuron, propaquasifop, cycloxydim, fluazifop-P-butyl, chizalofopethyl komanso kukonzekera kophatikizana kutengera cletodim ndi haloxyfop-R - methyl. Mamolekyu ambiri omwe angakhale othandiza (clomazone, bentazone, eptam, C-metolachlor, pendimethalin, etc.) amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mwanjira zina, koma alibe chivomerezo cha mbatata. Kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu yothira mankhwala a mbatata ku sipekitiramu yotsutsana ndi tirigu sikofunikira; mkati mwa udzu waukulu wamasamba, amawonetsedwa pakalibe zokonzekera zambiri zamakono, zinthu zingapo zogwira ntchito komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Ngati m'maiko ena mitundu ingapo yogwiritsiridwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, ku England, herbicide No. 1 pa mbatata kwanthawi yayitali tsopano inali yoletsedwa reglon (mkuyu 1), ndiye kuti tili ndi mankhwala a herbicides a metribuzin ndi rimsulfuronic otsogozedwa ndi gawo lalikulu.
Chithunzi 1. Malo opangira mbatata ndi herbicides ku England, 2015.
Metribuzin imatha kuyambitsa phytotoxic mmitundu yambiri. Zomwe mbatata ya mbatata imagwiritsa ntchito zimadalira zinthu zambiri: chibadwa cha mitundu, nthawi yakukonzanso, kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi kutentha kwa mpweya mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito, zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zili m'nthaka. Nthawi zambiri, phytotoxic zimachitika pokonzekera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsidwa ntchito atatha kumera mbewu za mbatata. M'mikhalidwe yovuta, kupezekanso kwake kumatha kuchitika atagwiritsa ntchito herbicide nthawi yomwe isanatuluke (chithunzi 3,4).
Phytotoxic reaction ndiofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mbewu, chifukwa zimatha kupanga zovuta kapena zosatheka kuyendetsa bwino zosankha zolakwika chifukwa cha zizindikiro zomwezo ndikuwonetsedwa kwa matenda amtundu. Zowona, nthawi zina kukonzekera kutengera metribuzin kumathandizira kuyeretsa ngati kusakanikirana kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumatha kuzindikira izi. (chithunzi 3). Pogulitsa malonda, kuwonongeka kwa metribuzin kumatha kubweretsa kuchepa kwa zokolola komanso kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa ma tubers, omwe amawonekera kwambiri mumitundu yokhala ndi nyengo yofupikitsa, yomwe imakhala ndi nthawi yochepa kwambiri yoti chlorophyll ibwezeretse. Ntchito zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuyankha kwa phytotoxic kwa zomera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophera mankhwala zikutsindika kuti zokolola zimachepa ndikuwonongeka kowonjezeka. Izi zikutsatira kuchokera ku kafukufuku wina kuti zizindikilo zazing'ono za phytotoxicity sizimangochepetsa zokololazo, koma, m'malo mwake, kuwonjezeka kumadziwika kudzera pakukweza namsongole. Chifukwa chake, kudziwa molondola za phytotoxicity ya metribuzin yamitundu ina ya mbatata kumapangitsa kuti pakhale malamulo otetezedwa a herbicide.
Pali malingaliro ochokera ku European Society of Weed Researcher (EWRC) pakulemba phytotoxicity (Table 6). Nthawi yomweyo, kudziwa zolondola zamitundu mitundu ndizovuta kupeza. Ngati mungayang'anire mtundu uliwonse wa phytotooticity, ndiye kuti nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala atha. Chifukwa chake, wina akuyenera kutsogozedwa ndi malingaliro a makampani oswana. Khalidwe la mitundu iyi limafotokoza za wofunikira, ndipo nthawi zambiri m'makampani omwe amatsogolera kubereka amapereka.
Tebulo 6. EWRC Scale of Plant Sensitivity to Herbicides
Scale | Khalidwe lowonongeka | Zomverera mwamalingaliro, kukula kwake | Mawonekedwe a kuwonongeka kwa mlengalenga mwa mbeu |
---|---|---|---|
1. | Palibe kuwonongeka | Osakhudzidwa | Palibe kuwonongeka |
2. | Zizindikiro zofatsa kwambiri | Zomverera zochepa (1,1-2,0) | Yatsani kuwala pang'ono m'mphepete masamba kapena masamba |
3. | Zizindikiro zofatsa | Kuzindikira kwapakatikati (2,1 -4,0) | Kuwala kwamphamvu kwamphepete mwa masamba kapena masamba |
4. | Zizindikiro zazikulu - sizingakhudze mbewu | Kuwala komanso necrosis yaying'ono yama masamba - mpaka 2% | |
5. | Kuvulala kotsika | Hypersensitivity (4,1 - 6,0) | Kuwala ndi necrosis ya masamba masamba - mpaka 10% |
Zowonongeka zazikulu - necrosis | Kuwala ndi necrosis ya masamba masamba - mpaka 25% | ||
6. | Zowonongeka zazikulu - necrosis | Kuzindikira kwakukulu (> 6,1) | Kuwala ndi necrosis ya masamba masamba - mpaka 50% |
7. | Zowonongeka kwambiri | Kuwala ndi necrosis ya masamba masamba - mpaka 75% | |
8. | Chiwonongeko chonse cha zomera | Kuwonongedwa kwathunthu kwa mlengalenga pazomera |
Polemba mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata HZPC Sadokas akupereka kuyerekezera kotsatira kwa chidwi kwa metribuzin: osaganizira, osazindikira pang'ono, osaganizira, osazindikira kwenikweni, omvera mokwanira, omvera pang'ono, omvera. Kapenanso akuwonetsa kuti tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito metribuzin isanamera. Ndizovuta kupanga dongosolo la maphunziro ndi matchulidwe amtunduwu. Solana amapereka malingaliro ena. Osamvetsetsa - Arosa, Rosara, Felox, Zekura, Red Lady, Rodriga, Mfumukazi Anna, Miranda, Opal, Figaro, Verdi. Zosavuta, gwiritsani ntchito 250 g / ha ya mertibuzin pa mbande - Natasha, Labella, Leoni, Laperla, Caruso, Lyudmila. Musagwiritse ntchito metribuzin-Vitesse pa mbande. Agrico amagwiritsa ntchito zigoli. Osagonjetsedwa ndi metribuzin (3 point of 9); kutengeka kwakukulu, kusagonjetsedwa moperewera (5-6 mfundo) - kugwiritsa ntchito pambuyo kumera kumabweretsa kusintha kwa nsonga ndi kuchepa kwa zokolola; kutengeka kwapakatikati (6-7 kuchokera pa 9) - kugwiritsa ntchito pambuyo poberekera kumatha kubweretsa kusintha kwa nsonga, koma osachepetsa zokolola; kutengeka kochepa (mfundo zisanu ndi zitatu mwa zisanu ndi zinayi) - zosankha zoyipa. Chifukwa chake, sikelo ya Agrico imamangidwa motsatira dongosolo, kuwonetsedwa poyerekeza ndi sikelo ya EWRС. Pamiyeso ya kampaniyo, mphambu wa 8 amatanthauza kukhudzidwa kotsika kwambiri kwa metribuzin, ndipo pamlingo wa EWRC, wapamwamba kwambiri.
Europlant imasiyanitsa mitundu itatu ya mitundu yokhudzana ndi metribuzin - yosaganizira, yosazindikira pang'ono, komanso kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo pambuyo poti kumera kuyenera kusinthidwa kuti tipewe kuwonongeka. Norika sapereka chidziwitso, ngakhale zimadziwika kuti mitundu ina ndi yovuta kwambiri (Molly, Vega). Kwa mitundu ya Stet imawonetsedwa - kukana kwamphamvu, kulimbikira kwapakatikati, kukana pang'ono, kuzindikira, kukhudzidwa kwambiri. Mitundu ya mbatata yosankhidwa ndi Doka - Gennye Tekhnologii LLC - Carmen, Prime, Indigo, Kalinka, Flamingo sachita chidwi ndi metribuzin koyambirira kwa nyengo yokula. M'mabuku mungapeze zambiri zazomwe zimatsutsana ndi mitundu ya Belarusian, zidziwitso za mitundu yaku Russia sizinapezeke. Pansipa pali chikhalidwe chodziyimira pawokha cha mitundu yakunja yomwe ikufalikira mdziko muno (Gulu 7). Akatswiri aku Germany amasiyanitsa kuchepa kwa metribuzine ku Vineta, Red Fantasy, Vega, Madeira, Verdi, Europrima, BP 808, mitundu ya Lady Claire (Scheid L. et al., 2020).
Gome 7. Kuzindikira kwa mitundu ya mbatata kuti metribuzin, kugwiritsa ntchito 350 g ya kalasi w / ha metribuzin, (Urbanowicz, 2019)
Scale | kuwunika | Mzere |
---|---|---|
1 | Osakhudzidwa | Felsin, Satin, Saturn, Cerat, Labadia, Canberra, Colomba, Kulimba mtima |
1,1 -2,0. | Kuzindikira kochepa | Chuma, Arsenal, Bellarosa, Verdi, Wotetezeka, Impala, Caratop, Carlena, Ludmila, Madeline, Manitou, Marquis, Melody, Rocco, Russet Burbank, Saline, Ramos, Mozart, Challenger |
2,1 - 4,0. | Kuzindikira kwapakatikati | Agria, Arizona, Asterix, Bellaprim, Brooke, Colette, El Mundo, Gala, Jelly, Curas, Lady Claire, Madeira, Mondeo, Pyrrole, Mfumukazi Anna, Red Ndimalingaliro, Red Sonya, Riviera, Sagitta, BP 808, Panther, Silvana, Red Scarlett, Nevsky, Timo, Sifra, Jarla, Crispforol |
4,1 -6,0. | Hypersensitivity | Arrow, Eurostar, Innovator, Molly, Rosalind, Sante, Vignette, Rosalind, Fable |
7,1 -9,0. | Kuzindikira kwakukulu | Fresco |
Ndi chidwi chachikulu cha mitundu (EWRC alama pamwambapa 5), herbicides yozikidwa pa metribuzin (makamaka, Zenkor) itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mutatulukira muyezo wosaposa 0,5 l, kg / ha. Kupanda kutero, chiwonetsero cha phytotoxicity ndi kuchepa kwa zokolola ndizotheka. Ngati chidwi chitha kupitirira mfundo 7, ndiye kuti ntchito yodziwikiratu ndi yofunika kwambiri. Kupitilira apo, metribuzin mwanjira yake yangwiro imapumira, siyikulimbikitsidwa kuti muziigwiritsa ntchito pamitundu yokhala ndi peel yoyera, kukonzekera kosakanikirana ndi zosakanikirana zamtundu wocheperako ndi Zencor Norm kukhala ndi mwayi. Kuzindikira kwa mitundu ya mbatata kupita ku metribuzin kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa bwino pakupanga mbewu, chifukwa mawonekedwe a necrosis pamasamba amachititsa kuti pakhale matenda omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso osaloleza kusankha mbewu zoyenera, zomwe zimakhudza bwino mtundu wa mbewu.
Zomwezo ndizofanana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo a rimsulfuron. Titus ndi ma analogs angapo amachititsanso kusintha kwa tsamba la tsamba kapena chithunzi chofananira cha mbatata (chithunzi 5,6). Zomera nthawi zambiri zimachira kuvulala mkati mwa masiku 7-10 mutalandira chithandizo, osakhudzidwa ndi zokolola. Pansi pamavuto azachilengedwe monga nyengo yozizira, yotentha kapena yotentha komanso yamvula, kenako nkugwiritsa ntchito mbatata zazitali, chithandizo cha rimsulfuron chitha kuvulaza kwambiri. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mbatata, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa atatha masiku atatu motsatizana nyengo yamvula.
Chofunikira chosiyanasiyana pakuwonetsa phytotoxicity chimachepetsa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito metribuzin ndi rimsulfuron mu mbatata zokula mbewu. Muyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu izi zisanachitike kapena kugwiritsa ntchito d.v zina. Ku Germany, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwira ntchito ndi mankhwala a herbicides proman, boxer, bandura ndi novitron mu mawonekedwe oyera kapena osakanikirana ndi mitundu yokhudzana ndi zenkora (tebulo 2,5). Ku USA ndi Canada, choyambirira chimaperekedwa pakukonzekera kosakanikirana kapena zosakaniza zama tanki zotsika mtengo wa metribuzine (Gulu 4). Sizinthu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko ena zomwe zimapezeka kwa alimi a mbatata zaku Russia, koma mitundu isanayambike ya mankhwala ophera mbatata ndi okwanira. Komabe, zomwe zimakhudza mtundu wa mbatata, kuphatikiza zotsatirapo zake, ziyenera kuganiziridwa, choyambirira, pokhudzana ndi mankhwala ophera nyemba mosalekeza. Izi ndizokonzekera kutengera glyphosate, diquat, ammonium glufosinate. Zambiri zakhala zikupezeka m'mabuku apadziko lonse lapansi za glyphosate potengera momwe zimakhudzira mbatata. Ma herbicides onse sayenera kukhala ndi mbewu za mbatata ndi mbande. Kungokhala ming'alu m'nthaka komanso ming'alu yochokera ku mbatata zomwe zikumera (chithunzi 7) mwayi wotseguka, mankhwalawa samangotenga chomera, komanso amapatsirana kudzera mwa ana. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za kuwonongeka kwa mbatata mu glyphosate zili pachithunzi 8, zovuta za tuberization ndipo zizindikilo za tubers zili pachithunzi 9,10. Chaka chotsatira, zotsatira za glyphosate zimawonetseredwa pakuchepetsa kumera ndi kufooketsa mbewu. (chithunzi 11,12) ndipo zotsatira zake zikuwoneka mpaka zaka zitatu.
Kuwonongeka kofananako kwa mbatata yambewu kumachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala owopsa a herbicides - clopyralid, dicamba, sulfonylureas, omwe zizindikiro zake zikuwonetsedwa pachithunzi 13,14, 15. Inde, palibe amene amawagwiritsa ntchito makamaka mbatata. Mbatata imatha kungoyambitsidwa ndi mphepo kuchoka m'minda ina ndi zotsalira mu sprayer ndi kutsuka kosasamala kapena kusowa kwake. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito ku mankhwala ophera tizilombo opitilira muyeso. (chithunzi 16). Pali zowonongera mbatata za mbewu ndi chlorprofam, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osungira zoletsa kumera kwa tchipisi ta mbatata (chithunzi XNUMX). Mankhwalawa ndi olimba kwambiri kwakuti amakhudza kumera kwa mbewu za pafupi kapena kusungidwa muzipinda zothandizidwa ndi chlorprofam munyengo yapitayi.
Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera maudzu odalirika ndikofunikira pakupanga mbewu zabwino za udzu. Namsongole samangochepetsa zokolola zokha, komanso amathandizira kuwonongeka kwa matenda ku mbatata. Mitundu yambiri yamatsamba ya mbatata imakhala ndi mayina ambiri, koma kukonzekera kulikonse kuli ndi malire ake pakugwiritsa ntchito. Pakukula kwa mbatata, kuwonongeka kwa mbewu ndi mankhwala a herbicides sikuyenera kuloledwa, popeza zoyipa za izi zimawonetsedwa m'mibadwo yotsatira.