Ofufuza ochokera ku China ndi Germany azindikira mtundu wa mbatata koyamba, TASS inati. Izi zidawathandiza kuwulula mbiri ya chisinthiko cha mbewuyi ndikuwunikira zigawo zazikulu za DNA zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kukula ndi kukana matenda. Zambiri za izi zidasindikizidwa ndi atolankhani a German Institute for Plant Breeding (IPZ).
"Kutsata ma genome a mbatata kudzatithandiza kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri obereketsa omwe apanga mitundu yatsopano yomwe ili ndi zokolola zambiri koma yosagonjetsedwa ndi kutentha kwa dziko, zomwe zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri m'zaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi," adatero Pulofesa wa IPZ Korbinian Schneeberger.
Matenda ambiri a fungal ndi mabakiteriya amasokoneza kulima mbatata, komanso tizirombo tosiyanasiyana monga Colorado mbatata kachilomboka ndi nematodes. Asayansi ndi obereketsa akuyesera kulimbana nawo popanga mitundu yatsopano ya mbatata yokhazikika komanso yosinthidwa ma genetic.
Pulofesa Schneeberger ndi anzake abwera ndi njira yothetsera vutoli mu ntchito yaikulu yomwe ikufuna kutsata ndondomeko ya genome ya mbatata. M'mbuyomu, asayansi anayesa kale kuti adziwe izi, koma izi zidalepheretsedwa ndi mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri amtundu wa mbatata - amakhala ndi ma chromosome anayi omwe ali ndi zobwereza zambiri.
Matekinoloje atsopano otsatizana a DNA ndi ma aligorivimu osanthula zambiri za majini adathandizira akatswiri azachilengedwe aku Germany ndi China kuthetsa vutoli pamitundu ya Otava. Kuti adziŵe mmene majini amakhalira, asayansi anasonkhanitsa mungu wambirimbiri, umene majini ake amakhala ndi makope aŵiri, osati anayi okha a ma chromosome.
Njira imeneyi inapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yosavuta, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo inkafunika kujambulidwa kwa zidutswa zambiri za DNA ndi kuphatikiza kwake pogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta. Pamapeto pake, asayansi adapeza kopi yamtundu wonse wa mbatata, womwe uli ndi "makalata" pafupifupi 3,1 biliyoni - ma nucleotides ndipo ali ndi majini opitilira 38.
Kuwunika kotsatira kwa kapangidwe kawo kunawonetsa zovuta zakusintha kwa mbatata. Asayansi apeza kuti chikhalidwechi posachedwapa chapulumuka kuwirikiza kawiri kwa ma genome chifukwa cha kuswana. Kuphatikiza apo, asayansi adavumbulutsa kusiyana kwachilendo pamachitidwe amitundu yofanana yomwe ili pama chromosome osiyanasiyana, zomwe zingakhudze luso la kuwoloka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata.
Izi, asayansi akuyembekeza, zithandiza kupanga mitundu yatsopano kapena kusintha ma genome m'njira yoti mbatata izikula mwachangu, kulimbana bwino ndi choipitsa chakumapeto ndi matenda ena, komanso kuti zisakhalenso ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana.