Anthu adayamba kulima zaka pafupifupi 10 zapitazo, koma a Sapiens akale sankaganiza kuti mtsogolo kukolola chimanga alimi muyenera kukhazikitsa firmware yolimbirana yaku Ukraine, kenako ndikusanthula zolakwika pogwiritsa ntchito protocol ya OBD-II.
Nthawi zambiri, "owabera" ndi omwe amateteza makompyuta omwe amafunafuna zovuta pamakina a IT. Koma ku United States, alimi wamba amakakamizidwa kuti azingogwiritsa ntchito zida zawo kuti zizigwira ntchito.
Habré walemba kale za izi zopanda pake. A John Deere ndi opanga ena akulu zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti alimi azikonzanso momwe angathere. Malingalirowo ndi ofanana ndi a Apple: amati, ndi akatswiri okhawo omwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino omwe angapereke chithandizo chokwanira, chifukwa chake zida zakuwunikira sizingagawidwe kwa aliyense, koma kwaogulitsa ovomerezeka.
Alimi ndiwo okha oyamba kugundidwa. Uwu ndi mtundu wa zotsutsa. M'tsogolomu, osati alimi okha, komanso ena onse atha kukhala ozunzidwa ndi mfundo ngati izi, mabungwe akakhazikitsa malamulo ofanana pakukonza magalimoto, ma laputopu, mafoni, ndi ma TV. Dziko lonse lapansi pang'onopang'ono likukhala "lanzeru", chifukwa chake mndandandawo uchulukirachulukira. Aliyense wa ife ayenera kusankha: kugonjera malinga ndi bungwe kuti agwiritse ntchito chipangizocho, kapena kukhala owononga.
Zinthu zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku zikuyenda bwino kwambiri, chifukwa chake timadalira kwambiri makompyuta. Makampani amamvetsetsa izi - ndipo amayesetsa kuti azisunga pulogalamuyo pambuyo pogulitsa kotero kuti kukonzanso konse kuli kopindulitsa. Pali zinthu zitatu zofunika kwambiri: 1) kugulitsa zinthu; 2) malo othandizira; 3) chiphaso cha othandizana nawo. Pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawo, wopanga amakulitsa kwambiri. M'malo moperewera kwa 5-10% yaopanga "osalankhula", mabizinesi amakono otsogola amapeza 40-50% kuchokera pachida chilichonse chifukwa cha kuchuluka kowonjezera. Umu ndi momwe zopangira zapamwamba za m'zaka za zana la 21 monga Tesla ndi Apple zimasiyanirana ndi opanga wamba monga Ford ndi Huawei: amapanga bizinesi yawo pazinthu zanzeru, zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri kuposa kupanga "osalankhula".
Koma chifukwa chakuti makina onse amayang'aniridwa ndi kompyuta, mlimi sangathe kukonza zida zake yekha, chifukwa alibe zida zodziwira yekha. Adzayenera kuperekera thirakitara kwa wogulitsa wovomerezeka (makilomita makumi angapo kutali) kapena kudikirira katswiri wochokera ku John Deere kuti abwere.
Mwachitsanzo, m'modzi mwa alimi adauza mulandu: malamba oyendetsa, kuweruza pamakompyuta omwe adakwera, adataya mphamvu - ndipo amayenera kudikirira tsiku lonse kuti woimira kampaniyo abwere: "Katswiri wafika. Zinamutengera maola angapo kuti adziwe kuti sensa imodzi yalephera. Kachipangizo kamodzi kakang'ono, ndipo ndalama zake zinawononga madola 120, ”akudandaula motero mlimi wina wosakaza ndalama.
Alimi ndiwo anali oyamba kugwidwa ndi "chiletso chokonzanso" popeza zida zambiri za pafamu zimafunikira kukonza nthawi zonse.
Makampani ngati John Deere amapanga zokonza "zosaloledwa" kukhala zovuta momwe angathere polumikizana ndi ogulitsa ovomerezeka. Alimi amawona njira yamakampaniyi ngati kuphwanya ufulu wawo walamulo. Chifukwa chake, kubedwa kwakukulu kwa mathirakitala kunayamba.
Tsopano, kudera lakumwera kwa America, alimi omwe sakukhutira akugwiritsa ntchito firmware yaku Eastern Europe (akutero kuchokera ku Poland ndi Ukraine) kubera. Pulogalamu ya Hacker imagulitsidwa pamacheza, pomwe khomo limayitanidwa.
Mapulogalamu ena nawonso amapezeka pagulu. Mwachitsanzo, chida chowunikira cha PolyCAN chikupangidwa ndi California Polytechnic State University mothandizidwa ndi ndalama kuchokera ku iFixit. Ntchito yophunzitsayi imayenera kuchotsedwa ku DMCA, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kubera thirakitala, koma pazolinga zamaphunziro, osati zamalonda.
Masamba a Clandestine amagulitsa zinthu zina zowunikira, mafayilo olipira, ndi firmware ya Internet Data Link (EDL) yomwe imalumikizana ndi woyang'anira matakitala. Palinso ma jenereta ofunikira, zotchinga zochepetsera, zingwe zosintha zamagetsi zomwe zimalola thalakitala kuyang'aniridwa ndi kompyuta.
Ndipo uku sikukuphwanya lamulo. Mu Okutobala 2015, magalimoto onse apansi, kuphatikiza mathirakitala, adamasulidwa ku DMCA, chifukwa chake ndizololedwa kulowa mgalimoto yanu.
Ngakhale firmware yolandidwa ndiyovomerezeka, sizitanthauza kuti ndiyotetezeka, yodalirika, kapena yosavuta. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu ammudzi akukakamira mwamphamvu kuti firmware yovomerezeka iululidwe. Gulu la Ufulu Wokonza likufuna malamulo omwe amafuna kuti opanga azigulitsa magawo, zida ndi machitidwe azidziwitso kwa ogula ndi malo owonera pawokha. Mfundo ndiyakuti ngati kukonza sikufuna chilolezo kwa wopanga, njirayi idzakhala yotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Sensa yomweyi pamwambapa itha kugulidwa ndi mlimi kuchokera ku malo ogulitsira wailesi $ 2 ndikugulitsa yekha, m'malo mongolipira wogulitsa $ 120 kuti apeze ndikuwongolera. Kapenanso zimitsani masensa osafunikira, pomwe popanda mathirakitala adagwira ntchito moyenera kwa zaka zana.
Kubera matakitala ku United States kwakhala ponseponse chifukwa cha matekinoloje atsopano, ndipo opanga ndi omwe ali ndi mlandu. Katswiri wina wamaphunziro, Kevin Kenny, anati: “M'masiku akale, kukonza pamafunika wrench, hammer ndi pry bar. "Masiku ano, makina onse amayang'aniridwa ndi firmware, chifukwa chake mapulogalamu amafunikira kungoyambitsa, kuyambitsa ndi kukhazikitsa zida."
Pakadali pano, mayiko osachepera 20 akuganizira za Right to Repair Act, yomwe imalimbikitsa bungwe la Repair Association. Tikuyembekeza kuti lamuloli lidzagwira ntchito ndipo lipanga chilengedwe choyenera kukonzanso ndi kukonza zida.
Omenyera ufulu wa Association of Repair amakhulupirira kuti ngati mayiko makumi awiri apereka ufulu wokonza malamulo, zipereka mwayi kwa mafakitale ena. Mwachitsanzo, zithandiza gulu la eni Tesla omwe akumenyananso ufulu wotere.