Akatswiri a Katswiri ndi Analytical Center for Agribusiness "AB-Center" www.ab-centre.ru adakonza kafukufuku wamsika waku Russia wa zopangira zaulimi ndi chakudya mu 2001-2020.
Pansipa pali mawu ena ochokera pantchito yotumiza kunja zinthu zaulimi ndi zakudya zochokera ku Russia.
Kutumiza kwa zinthu zaulimi ndi zakudya kuchokera ku Russia mu 2019 kunakwana USD 24 miliyoni, zomwe ndizochepa pang'ono pokha mu 741,4 (ndi 2018% kapena USD 0,6 miliyoni).
* - Pazinthu zopangira zaulimi ndi chakudya pankhaniyi, tikutanthauza katundu wophatikizidwa m'magulu azinthu kuyambira 01 mpaka 24, zigawo za TN VED kuyambira I mpaka IV (onani buku lofotokozera la ma TN VED).
Mfundo:
Gawo I - Zinyama Zamoyo; zopangidwa kuchokera ku nyama.
Gawo II - Zamasamba.
Gawo lachitatu - Mafuta ndi mafuta amtundu wa nyama kapena masamba ndi zinthu zawo; mafuta okonzeka; Sera zanyama kapena zamasamba.
Gawo IV - Zakudya zopangidwa kale; zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi zosakhala mowa ndi viniga; olowa m'malo mwa fodya ndi fodya (onani. buku lotsogolera ma code a HS).
M'magulu ambiri ogulitsa, Russia mu 2019 idachulukitsa kwambiri kutumiza kunja. Kusasunthika kwa chizindikiro chonse chimagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa katundu wogulitsa kunja (zinthu malinga ndi HS code 10). Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kochepa kwa mbewu mu 2018, zomwe zidakhudza kayendedwe ka malonda akunja mu theka loyamba la 2019.
Malinga ndi zomwe zidachitika mu 2020, ndizotheka kuti mothandizidwa ndi dola, kutumizira kunja zinthu zachilengedwe zaulimi ndi chakudya kuchokera ku Russian Federation, chifukwa chakuwonjeza kwakukulu kwa rublewo, kudzayimbanso. Komabe, mwakuthupi (m'matani), zotumiza zikuyembekezeka kuchuluka kwa mitundu yambiri ya katundu.
Pakadali pano, zogulitsa chakudya pamitengo yamtengo wapatali zimapitilira zomwe zimagulitsa kunja, koma kusiyana kumeneku kukuchepa. Monga zikuyembekezeredwa ku AB Center, tikusunga momwe zinthu ziliri pakadali pano, zoperekera zakudya kunja zitha kupitiliza zopitilira posachedwa (mu 2020-2022).
Udindo wazinthu zogulitsa zakulima mu kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja kwa Russia m'zaka zaposachedwa wakula kwambiri.
Malo ogulitsa mafakitale ndi amodzi mwa magawo ochepa azigawo zenizeni zachuma ku Russian Federation omwe akupanga bwino ndipo ali ndi zotsutsana pamisika yapadziko lonse. Mu 2016-2019. Gawo lazogulitsa pamtengo wokwanira wogulitsa kunja ku Russia, malinga ndi AB-Center, lili pafupifupi 5,5-6,0%, pomwe lidabwerera ku 2001-2013. sanapitirire 3,4% (ndipo zaka zina anali ochepera 2,0%).
Zolemba zofunikira pazakutumiza kwa zinthu zachilengedwe zaulimi ndi chakudya kuchokera ku Russia mu 2019:
1. Njere (malonda malinga ndi HS code 10). Izi makamaka ndi tirigu, barele ndi chimanga. Ku zochepa, mpunga, rye, buckwheat, ndi oats amatumizidwa kuchokera ku Russia. Mu 2019, zinthu zakatundu zomwe zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku Russian Federation mu mtengo wamtengo wapatali zidafika pa 32,0% ya zinthu zonse zaulimi ndi zakudya zakunja (matani 39 313,4 zikwi zana la USD 7 908,5 miliyoni). Mu chaka cha 2018, gawo la tirigu mu zosungidwa zonse lidakwera kwambiri mpaka 42,0% (54 matani miliyoni mu USD 814,5 miliyoni).
2. Mafuta, mafuta azomera, mafuta amafuta, ufa ndi zotsalira zina zolimba zomwe zimapezeka ndikuthira mafuta a masamba. Zogulitsa zotere zimapangika mkati mwa dongosolo la magulu ochulukitsidwa (magulu a HS) monga 12, 15 ndi 23, motsatana. Mtengo wokwanira wogulitsa katundu pamwambapa, malingana ndi kuwerengera kwa Ab-Center, wafika pa 5 687,6 miliyoni USD (23,0% ya mtengo wonse wogulitsa zinthu zachuma ndi chakudya). Poyerekeza, mu 2018, zisonyezo zinali pamamiliyoni 4 miliyoni USD (516,8%).
3. Nsomba ndi nsomba zam'nyanja (HS code 03). Kutumiza kunja kwa gulu la malonda mu 2019 akuyembekezeka ku USD 4 miliyoni (698,9%). Mu 19,0, mtengo wogulitsa nsomba ndi nsomba zam'nyanja kuchokera ku Russian Federation udafika pa USD 2018 miliyoni (4%).
TOP-3 yathunthu yazogulitsa zomwe tatchulazi, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa AB-Center, zoperekedwa mu 2019 73,9% ya zinthu zonse zotulutsidwa mu mtengo wamtengo.
Zinthu zotsatirazi zitha kudziwikanso:
4. Chocolate ndi confectionery wina wokhala ndi koko (TN VED nambala 18) - 2,9%.
5. Zinthu zomalizidwa kuchokera ku mbewu monga chimanga, ufa, wowuma kapena mkaka; confectionery ya ufa (TN VED code 19) - 2,8%.
6. Zakumwa zoledzeretsa komanso zopanda mowa (TN VED nambala 22) - 2,5%
7. Nyama (TN VED nambala 02) - 2,4%. Dziwani kuti dera lino likukula mwachangu. Chaka chapitacho, gawo la nyama linali 1,6%, mu 2013 - 0,2% yokha.
8. Fodya (TN VED nambala 24) - 2,2%.
9. Shuga (TN VED nambala 17) - 2,1%.
10. Zamasamba (Nambala ya VED 07) - 1,9%. M'malingaliro athu, dongosolo la kugawa katundu malinga ndi TN VED sikuwonetsa chithunzi chenicheni nthawi zonse.
M'malo mwake, maziko a zoberekera pansi pa code 07 ndi nandolo ndi anapiye, omwe amayandikira kwambiri tirigu kuposa masamba.
Komabe, m'magulu a katundu malinga ndi manambala a HS, zinthuzi zimayikidwa ngati masamba. Kutumiza kunja zamasamba mwachindunji (mwanjira yanthawi yonse ya mawu) kuchokera ku Russian Federation kumakhala kotsika kwambiri.
Zofunika! Kuwerengera kwakunja kwa zinthuzi kunakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida kuchuluka kwamakalata a kasitomu VEDLORD.
wolemba: Alexey plugov, Ph.D.