Sipadzakhalanso kubwereza kukwera kwakukulu kwa mtengo wa "borscht set" zomwe zinachitika m'nyengo yozizira yatha chifukwa cha zokolola zabwino za masamba. Koma, ngakhale izi, nyengo kusinthasintha mitengo kwa iwo adzakhala. Akatswiri a kampani "August" adanena za mbali zazikulu za kusungirako mbewu ndi tizirombo, matenda ndi udzu pa mbewu zamasamba. - Kampani yayikulu yaku Russia yopanga zinthu zoteteza zomera (PPP).
"Zomera zamasamba zamadera akuluakulu (anyezi, phwetekere, karoti, beet ya tebulo, ndiye kuti, zomwe zimatchedwa borscht set) zimafuna kwambiri chitetezo. Kufunika kwa mankhwala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pazifukwa izi ndi chifukwa, makamaka, chifukwa chakuti ntchito yamanja ikukwera mtengo kwambiri masiku ano, pamene kupeza ntchito yokwanira kukuchepa ndipo zimakhala zovuta kupeza chiwerengero choyenera cha ogwira ntchito. ngakhale ndalama zambiri, "akutero Dmitry Belov, Mtsogoleri wa Product Development Dipatimenti ya JSC Firm "August".
Masamba amatha kutenga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Izi ndi mafangasi, ma virus, matenda a bakiteriya, tizirombo tambiri tomwe timayendetsedwa ndi mankhwala ochulukirapo ambiri pa mbewu zina. Pomwe mbewu zamasamba zimafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwina, monga, mwachitsanzo, kuthana ndi mbozi za tizirombo ta lepidoptera. Zowongolera kukula kwa tizilombo, ovicides, larvicides, mite repellets, ndi zina zotero.
Chitetezo chimafunikanso musanasungidwe. Zomera zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mawu osiyana kwambiri ndi zofunikira zosungirako, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala chidendene cha Achilles cha kukula kwa masamba: malo osungiramo nyengo amafunikira kuti achepetse kutayika komanso kuteteza chitukuko cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nthawi yomweyo, zinthu ziyenera kutumizidwa kumalo osungiramo zinthu zokhala ndi thanzi labwino, ndipo chitetezo chanthawi yake ndi chofunikira pano.
Chinthu chinanso chomwe chimatsimikizira kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoteteza zomera muzomera zamasamba ndi kukwera mtengo kwa mbewu. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wa kilogalamu wa mbewu za anyezi wapamwamba kwambiri ukhoza kufika ma ruble mamiliyoni angapo. Komabe, matenda monga stemfiliasis kapena peronosporosis, fusarium kuvunda kwa donuts, kuvunda kwa khosi, komanso tizirombo (mwachitsanzo, thrips) kungayambitse kufa kwa mbewu m'malo onse azachuma m'masiku ochepa kapena kupangitsa kuti mbewu zife. , pambuyo pa kutayika kwa chiwonetsero, chinthu choterocho chikhoza kugulitsidwa. Kupanga m'mafamu a ndiwo zamasamba nthawi zambiri sikumakhala kosiyanasiyana, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mbewu za m'munda, titi, kuwonongeka kwa chimanga kumachepetsedwa ndi zotulukapo zabwino za mpendadzuwa. Mwachitsanzo, m'madera a Stavropol, Kuban, Volgograd, Saratov, Astrakhan, pali alimi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito anyezi okha, ndipo ngati afa, chuma chachuma chimafa, ndipo kulephera kubweza ngongole kumabweretsa bankirapuse. Chifukwa chake, pakutheka pang'ono kuti pakhale tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chithandizo chimapangidwa ndi tanki losakanizika la mankhwala omwe ali othandiza polimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Malinga ndi akatswiri a kampaniyi, njira zotetezera kabichi zili ndi zofanana ndi njira zotetezera mbewu zodziwika bwino monga rapeseed: zimachokera ku banja limodzi la cruciferous. Mankhwala ophera udzu wotengera, makamaka, C-metolachlor amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano; kwa zomera zotsutsana ndi namsongole, clopyralid, picloram, etamesulfuron-methyl amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi matenda, zenizeni ndizofanana: mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amalembedwanso kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa rapeseed ndi mbewu zina, kabichi imatetezedwa ku Alternaria, zowola zoyera ndi zoyera, ndi mucous bacteriosis. Kwa kaloti ku Russia, pali mankhwala ophera udzu wam'nthaka ndi mankhwala a herbicides a zomera motsutsana ndi udzu wa dicotyledonous ndi phala; pali mankhwala okwanira a fungicidal motsutsana ndi septoria, alternaria, downy mildew pamsika. Dongosolo lachitetezo cha tebulo la beet lili pafupi ndi dongosolo la chitetezo cha beet, pomwe chitetezo cha phwetekere chimafanana m'njira zambiri ndi chitetezo cha mbatata, kupatula kuti phwetekere iyeneranso kutetezedwa ku gulu la zowola - imvi ndi sclerotinia, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda anthracnose. Kum'mwera kwa Russia, phwetekere amatetezedwanso ku akangaude ndi thonje bollworm. Ponena za anyezi, m'dziko lathu muli chitetezo chowopsa kwambiri potengera kukonzekera kuchokera kumakampani akumayiko osiyanasiyana komanso aku Russia.
"Kuletsa udzu ndi ntchito yowononga nthawi," akutsindika Dmitry Belov. - Ngakhale kuti ngakhale pano ntchito yamanja imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opalira, mankhwala a herbicide amachitidwa pa kaloti, beets, anyezi, tomato ndi kabichi. Kupanga makina omwe angalowe m'malo mwake akadali pamlingo woyambira pomwe olima makina amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje owonera makina ndi ma neural network. Makamaka kwambiri ndi kufunika kuzindikira ndi kuchotsa udzu motere pa zobiriwira mbewu, kuphatikizapo letesi mitundu ya kabichi. Nthawi zambiri, pamsika waulimi wapadziko lonse lapansi, matekinolojewa akadali osatheka; mabizinesi aulimi amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri chitetezo cha herbicide, chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, m'mafamu okhala ndi malo olimapo, kupalira ndi manja sikutheka. Nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera udzu kumakhala kotetezeka kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito anthu opanda chidwi. ”
Vuto la msika wa PPP wa mbewu zamasamba ndikuti mankhwala ambiri omwe amatha kuwateteza nthawi zambiri samalembetsedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ku Russia ndipo sangagwiritsidwe ntchito (ngakhale zinthu zomwe zili ndi zosakaniza zofananira zimalembetsedwa ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kuteteza masamba kumayiko ena. ). Koma ndondomeko yolembera mankhwala m'dziko lathu ndi yakuti malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito amapangidwa pa mbewu iliyonse ndi chinthu chilichonse chovulaza padera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malipiro a kulembetsa mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito pa mahekitala 40 miliyoni a tirigu adzakhala mofulumira kwambiri kuposa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mahekitala 25 a kaloti, choncho, mankhwala opangira mbewu zambiri amalembedwa nthawi zambiri komanso mochuluka. Pakalipano, msika wapakhomo woteteza mbewu zamasamba ndi 60-70% wogwidwa ndi makampani amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri amapereka zinthu zoteteza zomera ndi mbewu nthawi imodzi, kotero kuti njira yopita kwa ogula pazinthu zawo imakhala yayifupi kuposa ya ogulitsa aku Russia. Zimphona zakunja zinali zoyamba kulowa mumsika womwe ukukulirakulira, panalibe mpikisano pakati pawo - makampani 2-3 adagawana nawo ogula, komabe, msika udapangidwa pamodzi ndi kukulitsa kwaulimi, kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe kazinthu ndi kasungidwe kazinthu. masamba mankhwala. Masiku ano, opanga ambiri aku Russia amagwiriranso ntchito bwino.
Malangizowa akupangidwanso ndi kampani "August", ndipo ngati m'mbuyomu idayenera kungokhala pamzere wa herbicide, masiku ano assortment imaphatikizapo mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso ma fungicides a mbewu zamasamba, kuphatikiza zapadera zomwe zimatha kukhutiritsa zonse zoyambira komanso za niche. zosowa za olima masamba. Kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zinthu zoteteza zomera zamasamba ndi makampani apakhomo kwakhala zaka khumi zapitazi.
"Mu 2022, padali mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yamabizinesi olima masamba, malinga ndi nyengo komanso kusowa kwa tizirombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komabe, "borscht set" chonsecho chidzapitirira pang'onopang'ono kukwera mtengo, - ndemanga Dmitry Belov. - Mbewu za mbewu zamasamba zikadalibe malo osowa m'munda wa zokolola, mtengo wawo ukukulirakulira, ndipo ngakhale popanda kutengera kusinthanitsa. Makampani ena aku Russia akutukula derali mokangalika, koma kuti akwaniritse bwino, ntchito yotereyi iyenera kukulitsidwa kangapo. ”
Katswiriyo akuti mpaka pano palibe zinthu zochepetsera mitengo ya feteleza, kapena zinthu zoteteza mbewu, kapena kukonza ndi kukonza makina aulimi. Nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa zokolola zapakhomo, sikungatheke kupeŵa masamba a Marichi ndi February ochokera kumayiko ena mu 2023, popeza kusintha kwakukulu pakusungirako zinthu zaku Russia, zomwe zingalole kupulumutsa zinthu zambiri. kwa nthawi yayitali, sizinachitike. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ngati palibe zochitika zamphamvu, wogula sangawone kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa mtengo wa "borscht set" zomwe zinawonedwa m'chaka chamakono.