Zabwino nyengo m'masabata oyambirira a kasupe kulenga prerequisites wina mbiri yokolola m'dziko, akatswiri a August kampani amakhulupirira. Komabe, izi zitha kuletsedwa ndi zinthu zachuma komanso chilala cha Juni. Akatswiri amasamala za matenda angapo odziwika a zomera komanso kubuka kwa tizirombo ta lepidoptera. Chinthu chachikulu, chomwe m'tsogolomu chiyenera kuchepetsa chitukuko cha Russian agro-industrial complex, chidzakhala chosatheka kukonzanso zombo zaulimi mofanana.
Kuchuluka kwa mbewu m'nyengo yozizira m'chaka cha 2023 ku Russia kumaonedwa kuti ndibwino, komanso, kwa tirigu wachisanu, kuyerekezera kwa akatswiri ambiri kunakhala bwino kuposa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yaulimi yomaliza. Monga tanenera Dmitry Belov, mkulu wa mankhwala dipatimenti chitukuko cha JSC Firm "August", Dmitry Belov, zinthu zachitika bwino m'madera akumwera, pamene ku Central Federal District ndi Central Black Earth Region pali mavuto m'madera ena. Komabe, m'madera a Voronezh, Lipetsk, ndi Belgorod, tirigu ndi rye nthawi zambiri ankazizira kwambiri. Pakalipano, nyengo ya nyengo yozizira imatha kusiyana kwambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana, komanso kutengera manufacturability a minda yomwe imalimidwa: kumene kufesa kunkachitika motsatira malamulo onse ndipo chikhalidwe chinali ndi chinyezi chokwanira, chimakula. mwangwiro - makamaka, ku Stavropol ndi Krasnodar Territories, ku Crimea. Akatswiri a Ogasiti amawona kuti vuto lomwe limapezeka m'magawo a Kuban, Stavropol ndi Central Chernozem ndi pomwe, chifukwa chakukula kwanyengo yozizira, alimi amachedwa ndi chithandizo cha udzu: pa nthawi yomwe amakonzekera, mbewuyo ili kale pa siteji. wa kuphukira. Chifukwa chake, akulimbikitsidwa tsopano kuti alimi azitsamba achedwetse njira zazikulu zotetezera herbicide mpaka autumn, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera kukula.
"Nthawi zambiri, masika a 2023 amatha kutchedwa alimi abwino. Makamaka, mikhalidwe ya Southern Federal District ndi yabwino kwambiri, "akutero Dmitry Belov. - M'mwezi wa Epulo, nyengo yotentha yadzuwa ndi mphepo nthawi zambiri imalamulira pano, zomwe zimathandizira kuyanika kwapamwamba kwa nthaka. Ndipo mu 2023, kwakhala kugwa mvula kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa mwezi uno, nthawi zina ndi mvula. Timawona kuti nthaka yachonde pamwamba imakhala yodzaza ndi chinyezi ndipo zomera zimalandira zakudya zowonjezera. Ntchito yofesa idayamba pa nthawi yake, nandolo idafesedwa, pofika zaka khumi zachiwiri za Epulo adayamba kufesa beet ndi mpendadzuwa, ndiye kuti pali zofunikira zokwanira zokolola zabwino m'magawo ofunikira azaulimi ku Russia. Komabe, zinthu sizili bwino kulikonse: mwachitsanzo, ku Tatarstan ndi Bashkortostan timaona kusowa kwa chinyezi.
Malinga ndi akatswiri a August, mvula sidzangowonjezera kuchulukitsa kwa zokolola, komanso kufalikira kwa namsongole omwe amapikisana nawo pazinthu. Komabe, mbande za namsongole zaubwenzi, chifukwa cha chinyezi, zidzathandizanso kuti ntchito zoteteza udzu zitheke bwino m'minda.
Kuphatikiza apo, nyengo yamvula imathandizira kufalikira kwa phomosis ndi peronosporosis (downy mildew) pa rapeseed, septoria imakhazikika pambewu zomwe zakula bwino kuyambira nthawi yophukira, ndipo Rosselkhoznadzor adavumbulutsa gibellinosis m'maboma angapo a Stavropol Territory nthawi imodzi, matenda oyamba ndi fungus. zomwe zingalepheretse alimi 50% ya tirigu wambewu chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa ndi kufa kwa zimayambira, komanso kuchepa kwa tirigu wambiri. Mkhalidwe wa Fusarium wa mbewu za chimanga umadalira nyengo pa nthawi ya maluwa: ngati nyengo ili youma panthawiyi, chiopsezo chokhala ndi matendawa chidzakhala chochepa, ndipo mosiyana - ngati mvula panthawiyi ili yolimba. Koma tizirombo, mu August, malinga ndi nyengo, kudzikundikira kwa meadow moth anthu akuyembekezereka m'madera angapo, kuwonjezera, pa nyengo pakhoza kukhala kubuka kwa tizirombo monga thonje bollworm ndi kabichi moth, amene alimi ayenera kukonzekera.
Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, zomwe alimi adayambira mu 2023 sizinali zoyipa kuposa mu 2022, ndipo nyengo yabwino, ndizotheka kukolola matani opitilira 150 miliyoni m'nyengo yachilimwe ndikubwerezanso mbiri ya nyengo yapitayi. za zokolola. Komabe, ma voliyumu ochulukirachulukira - matani 120-130 miliyoni - okhala ndi masheya omwe akupezeka adzakhala okwanira pachitetezo cha chakudya mdziko muno komanso malonda akunja. Nthawi yomweyo, zinthu zazikulu zomwe zidzatsimikizire momwe mabizinesi azaulimi akugwirira ntchito mu 2023 sizikhala zanyengo, koma zachuma. Ngati feteleza ndi zinthu zoteteza zomera zomwe zimapangidwa ku Russia zimapezeka kwa alimi, ndiye kuti kukonzanso zida zankhondo, makamaka zaku Western, komanso kuthekera kopitilizanso zida zamakono pamlingo womwewo womwe udakhazikitsidwa zaka khumi zapitazi, zimadzutsa mafunso akulu. .
"Njira zopangira zomwe zikufunika kuti muwonjezere mbewu ndikuwonjezera zokolola zantchito kumidzi zidzakhala zochepa. Kutsika kwamitengo yazinthu zaulimi potengera zokolola za chaka chatha, kuchepa kwa zotumiza ndi kutumiza kunja sikulola alimi kupeza ndalama zokwanira kuti asinthe zida zomwe zidatumizidwa kunja ndi zapakhomo, - Dmitry Belov zolemba. - Pa mbewu zingapo, kupatula mbewu monga chimanga, pali mavuto kale ndi mbewu. “Zowona zatsopano” zikukakamiza alimi ena kusintha kasinthasintha wa mbewu zawo n’kuyamba kubzala m’malire apamwamba, monga nyemba za soya, nandolo, fulakisi, kapena mbewu zina. Mkhalidwe wovuta ukhoza kuchitika kwa alimi m'madera omwe gawo laulimi limakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zakunja, mwachitsanzo, kum'mawa kwa Siberia, kumene zovuta zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Sikuti onse omwe ali ndiulimi omwe ali ndi msika womwe ukucheperachepera amatha kuonetsetsa kuti katundu wawo akutumizidwa kumadera atsopano, makamaka kudzera ku China. Koma ngakhale zitatheka, pali mwayi waukulu, monga akunena, kugwira ntchito mpaka zero, zomwe tsopano zikuwonedwa ndi kugulitsa mbewu za 2022. ”
Komabe, katswiriyo akuti, sikoyenera kuyembekezera kukula kwa minda yosiyidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa malo ofesedwa mu 2023, popeza ndi kupezeka kwa chithandizo chaumisiri, ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kuti alimi apitirizebe kupeza mbewu kuchokera ku hekitala iliyonse yomwe ilipo. Ngakhale kutayika kwa mabungwe ang'onoang'ono azamalamulo, malo awo adzakhalabebe, chifukwa kusonkhanitsa ndi kuphatikizika kwa banki ya nthaka ndi makampani aku Russia ndizochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe sizidalira momwe msika ulili kwakanthawi.