Chilimwe chino, alimi aku Russia akuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi kufalikira kwa nkhupakupa - poyambilira ankamenyedwa makamaka m'minda ya zipatso, koma chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, lero akuwononga mbewu za mbewu zambiri. Kuphulika kwa Lepidoptera zosiyanasiyana kumalembedwanso, makamaka, thonje bollworm, meadow moth, kabichi moth. Izi ndi tizirombo zina zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu 2022 zidauzidwa ndi akatswiri a kampani "August" - chachikulu m'nyumba kupanga mankhwala zoteteza zomera.
Chidwi cha anthu m'chilimwechi chinakopa kuthawa kwa dzombe kum'mwera kwa Russia - makamaka, ku Krasnodar Territory. Akatswiri a Ogasiti azindikira: choyamba, miliriyi idalumikizidwa ndi tizirombo tomwe timakonda. Amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa alimi, koma si masoka achilengedwe, monga momwe zimatengedwa ngati dzombe lochokera ku Africa ndi Asia (dzombe la ku Italy, dzombe la ku Morocco ndi dzombe losamuka ku Asia). Kachiwiri, malo omwe mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi miliriyi ndizochepa kwambiri pazambiri zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polima. Akatswiri akugogomezera kuti gawo lofunikira polimbana ndi dzombe ndikukonza koyambirira kwa malo ake. Monga lamulo, awa ndi matabwa, maenje, mitsinje, mabango a mabango m'malo achinyezi. Kuyang'anira kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamanja komanso kufufuza njira. Akatswiri akuyang'ana "makoko" a dzombe, nthawi zina amapeza mphutsi. Komabe, ma foci omwe angakhalepo nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kuwapeza, chifukwa chake sizingatheke kuthetsa chiopsezo cha kufalikira kwa tizilombo.
Vuto lina lomwe lasautsa alimi kwa zaka zambiri ndi kukwera kwa chiwopsezo cha mbewu kuchokera ku nkhupakupa. “Ngakhale kuti m’mbuyomu nthata zinkawononga makamaka minda ya zipatso ndi minda ya mpesa, komanso mbewu zamasamba zomwe zimabzalidwa pamalo otsekedwa, tsopano tizilombo tamtunduwu tikufalikira kwambiri ku mbewu zakumunda. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo (nyengo yotentha nthawi zonse) komanso kusintha kwa ulimi wokha. Mbewu zambewu zimawonongeka kwambiri ndi nthata za dzinja (zofiira-miyendo) ndi timbewu tating'ono tambirimbiri. Ngati zoyamba zitha kudziwika pofufuza zomera, ndiye kuti matenda achiwiri amatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi ma binoculars, choncho alimi nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa chifukwa cha matenda a fungal etiology kapena zotsatira za nyengo. Kangaude, amene poyamba anawononga makamaka minda ya zipatso, minda ya mpesa, greenhouses, tsopano akuopseza soya ndi beets shuga, Komanso, chaka chino anayamba kupatsira mpendadzuwa ku Central Black Earth Region," anati Dmitry Belov, mutu wa chitukuko mankhwala. dipatimenti ku JSC Firma August.
Kampaniyo inanena kuti kulimbana ndi nkhupakupa kunali kovuta chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo. Choyamba, iwo sanangopezeka pa malo afesedwa m'madera ambiri kwa nthawi yaitali, zomwe zinapangitsa kufalikira. Kachiwiri, nthata poyamba zinkawongoleredwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chimanga. Komabe, palibe mankhwala a pyrethroids kapena organophosphorus opangidwa kuti athe kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe awonetsedwa kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri.
Pofuna kuwongolera koyenera, mankhwala olimbana ndi nkhupakupa amafunikira - ma acaricides, kuphatikizanso, omwe samangokhala ndi tizirombo, komanso mazira oikira. Nthawi yomweyo, mankhwala ambiri a acaricidal masiku ano amapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda ndi mbewu zapadera. Chitsanzo chawo chogwiritsira ntchito chimatanthawuza madera ang'onoang'ono pamtengo wokwera kwambiri. Pa mbewu zambiri monga chimanga ndi soya, sizingachitike. Komabe, njira zothetsera vutoli zikufunidwa: makamaka, "August" amapereka alimi mankhwala atsopano "Stiletto", omwe amaphatikizapo chinthu chogwira ntchito cha biological origin abamectin, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso ngati acaricide; makamaka, mankhwala ndi oyenera kulamulira nthata pa soya.
"Ndikoyeneranso kulabadira kufalikira kwa matenda a virus pa mbewu zambewu, makamaka tirigu wachisanu," akuwonjezera Dmitry Belov. – Tirigu striated mosaic kachilombo amanyamulidwa ndi timbewu tosaoneka ndi maso. Kwa alimi, matendawa anali odabwitsa - nthawi yotsiriza matenda ochulukirapo kapena ochepa kwambiri anachitika pafupifupi zaka zinayi zapitazo, ndipo tsopano m'chilimwe chinachitikanso. Matendawa adalembedwa ku Stavropol, Kuban komanso kudera la Kaliningrad.
Vuto lina lakhala likuwonetseredwa kwambiri m'munda wa ulimi wamaluwa wovuta kwambiri, pomwe kumera kwa mbewu yabwino ngati peyala kukukulirakulira. Tsopano akuopsezedwa kwambiri ndi woyamwitsa, yemwenso amanyamula matenda ndipo sakulamulidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Copperhead yakhala ikuwononga kwambiri minda ya zipatso kwa zaka zitatu motsatizana.
Tizilombo ta Lepidoptera tikuwonetsa zochitika zowoneka bwino chaka chino. M'chigawo chapakati cha Chernozem, miliri ya thonje ya thonje yalembedwa. Makhalidwe a tizilombo adakhala ofanana, mwachitsanzo, mu 2014: chitukuko cha m'badwo wachiwiri wa m'badwo woyamba wa chilimwe chinachitika kumapeto kwa July - chiyambi cha August. Panthawiyi, kutalika kwa mbewu zomwe zidawonongeka komanso kukula kwawo kwamasamba kudafika pamlingo wawo waukulu. Pansi pazimenezi, kukonza chimanga ndi mpendadzuwa kumatheka kokha mothandizidwa ndi opopera mankhwala odzipangira okha kapena oyendetsa ndege, kuphatikizapo magalimoto osayendetsa ndege. Pomwe mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amavomerezedwa kuti azichiza mumlengalenga ndi osakwanira. Kawirikawiri, pali njira zothetsera mavuto, koma kumapeto kwa nyengo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kusowa kwa mankhwala ofunikira. Malinga ndi akatswiri a mwezi wa August, m’minda ina mbozi ya mpendadzuwa yadya masamba onse a mpendadzuwa, pomwe pali mavuto ochepa ndi soya - mbozi ya thonje imawononganso, koma kukonza mbewuyi ndikosavuta.
Kuchuluka kwa borer ndikwambiri, komwe kumapezeka pafupifupi mbewu zonse zomwe zimalimidwa, kuyambira masamba kupita kumunda. Chifukwa cha chithandizo chanthawi yake, mbewu kuchokera ku tizirombozi zitha kupulumutsidwa. Kuphulika kwa chiwerengero chawo kudadziwika m'chigawo cha Central Chernozem, ku Altai ndi madera ena. Kuwonongeka kwa kugwiriridwa ndi njenjete za kabichi kunapezekanso - mwachitsanzo, ku Bashkiria, Tatarstan, Khakassia, ndi dera la Ryazan. Komabe, kuthawa kwa akuluakulu a tizilombo m'chaka chamakono kunakhala mochedwa kwambiri: kunalembedwa pakati pa mwezi wa July, pamene kugwiriridwa kunali kutayamba kale m'madera ambiri. Izi kwambiri facilitates kulamulira tizilombo, popeza m'mikhalidwe yotere chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa njuchi kusonkhanitsa timadzi tokoma m'minda rapeseed anali kwambiri yafupika.
Nthawi zambiri, monga tanenera mu Ogasiti, mu 2022 m'magawo ambiri ndizothekabe kupewa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mbewu chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa tizirombo.