Akatswiri a genetics ochokera ku Russia apanga njira yabwino, yanthawi yayitali komanso yotsika mtengo yoyesa ma DNA, yomwe imapangitsa kuti tipeze matenda owopsa kwambiri a mbatata.
Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kale m'madera aku Russia pofufuza malo akuluakulu, malinga ndi atolankhani a Russian Science Foundation.
"Chifukwa cha luso lapadera la kukhazikika ndi kusasunthika kwa ma reagents, moyo wa alumali wa matrices omalizidwa kutentha kwa firiji ndi miyezi 3-6, yomwe ili yochuluka kwambiri kuposa ya ma analogue odziwika bwino padziko lapansi," anatero Natalia Statsyuk wochokera ku Research Institute of Phytopathology in Bolshiye Vyazemy.
Kuwonjezera Colorado mbatata kachilomboka, zina, zosaoneka ndipo nthawi yomweyo zoopsa tizirombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuopseza mbatata. Ambiri aiwo amayamba kuwononga mbatata atangobzala, koma nthawi zambiri sapezeka mpaka kukolola kapena kufa kwa mbewu zambiri.
Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi cha izi ndi phytophthora yotchuka, bowa Phytophthora infestans, yomwe imawononga ma tubers a mbatata ndipo sizimawonekera mpaka mbewu itayamba kuvunda m'nthaka kapena masabata angapo mutakolola.
Matenda a bakiteriya ndi mavairasi ndi owopsa kwambiri - iwo, monga lamulo, sangathe kuthana nawo pambuyo pa matenda a zomera, chifukwa chake kuzindikira kwawo koyambirira ndi kuchotsedwa kwakhala vuto lalikulu kwa alimi.
Statsyuk ndi anzake athetsa vutoli popanga mayeso osavuta omwe angathandize alimi a mbatata kuteteza mbewu zawo ku ma virus atatu owopsa komanso opatsirana m'maola awiri okha.
Kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, monga momwe asayansi amanenera, ma laboratories apadera ndi ma reagents okwera mtengo safunikira. Ndikokwanira kukonzekera zitsanzo za mbatata zomwe zawunikidwa ndikuzitsanulira mu zitsime zapadera zodzaza ndi michere yomwe imazindikira zidutswa za phytophthora, mabakiteriya ndi ma virus ndikuzijambula pogwiritsa ntchito DNA analyzer.
"Kuti mufufuze, mumangofunika kudzipatula DNA ku zitsanzo, kuziyika m'zitsime, kukhazikitsa matrix mu microchip amplifier ndikuyamba ntchitoyi. Kusanthula kumangochitika zokha ndipo kumatenga pafupifupi theka la ola. Akamaliza ntchitoyo, makinawo amafotokoza ndendende tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene tidapezeka, ” akutero katswiri wa geneticist.
Monga momwe ntchito yosindikizira ya Russian Science Foundation ikunenera, mayeserowa adayesedwa kale. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma reagents ofanana, asayansi adafufuza kwambiri minda ya mbatata ya phytosanitary kuti mukhale ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda 15 nthawi imodzi m'magawo khumi ndi awiri a Russia.
Zomwe anapezazi zinavumbula zinthu zingapo zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi kufalikira kwa matendawa m'dziko lonselo. Mwachitsanzo, adagawidwa mosiyanasiyana - ma virus, bowa ndi ma virus adapezeka mu 8% yokha ya zitsanzo m'chigawo cha Moscow, pomwe theka la mbatata zomwe zidasonkhanitsidwa m'chigawo cha Tver zidadwala matenda osachepera amodzi.
Kusiyanasiyana kofananako kunalipo pafupipafupi pakuchitika kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Monga zimayembekezeredwa, mbatata nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi choipitsa chakumapeto - zotsalira zake zidapezeka mu 33% ya zitsanzo komanso madera onse, pomwe mabakiteriya amtundu wa Dickeya dianthicola ndi kachilombo ka PMTV adapezeka m'makona ochepa a dzikolo. .
Dongosololi, malinga ndi omwe adazilenga, lingagwiritsidwe ntchito osati kuteteza mbewu, komanso kuyang'ana zamasamba omwe amatumizidwa kunja. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyezetsa kotereku kudzathandiza alimi kupeza mitundu yabwino ya mbatata yomwe imalimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amapezeka m'madera awo komanso m'maboma.
Source: https://ria.ru